Contribution of the regional transported aerosol above planetary boundary layer (PBL), together with its radiation effect (AR), in triggering severe haze pollution in Beijing were investigated in this work. Both observations and model simulations of a polluted episode during Dec.14–16, 2018 indicated that regional transported aerosol above PBL was downwards transported and resulted in a fast increase

Although precipitation forecast skill has improved significantly in recent decades, both location and intensity of precipitation forecast based on kilometric-scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models still contain errors. The importance of large-scale error in NWP has been recognized, but characteristics of large-scale error under different rainfall regimes and the influence of large-scale error

The distribution of ice particles strongly affects the microphysical processes in mixed-phase clouds, but the inhomogeneity of ice distribution is not well understood. In this paper, based on airborne in-situ measurements from three flights on May 31, 2021 in Hulun Buir, China, the inhomogeneity and clustering of ice distribution in a stratiform cloud is quantitatively analyzed using the pair correlation

The western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is viewed as an important part of the East Asian summer monsoon system and its western boundary location significantly affects regional weather and climate. Based on characteristics of the WPSH western boundary in boreal summer, this study proposes a new index of WPSH, the westward extension area (WEA) index, defined as the area enclosed by the 587 dagpm

Aerosol types have crucial and distinguished impacts on climate effects and cause the difference of air pollution. However, direct retrieval of aerosol type by satellite remote sensing is difficult, and the satellite products of aerosol type are seriously lacking. At present, the identification of aerosol type is mainly based on ground-based observation data, but the coverage area of ground-based stations

On June 15, 2021, the Hotan region of southern Xinjiang was hit by an extreme rainfall event. A numerical simulation of the storm process, with a resolution of 3 km, was conducted to analyze the initiation mechanism of the rainfall. The results show that lifting conditions play a crucial role in triggering convection, compared to moisture and stratification conditions. The easterly jet changes the

In the present paper, we made an investigation of extreme rainfall events for 1860―1909 in the Korean Peninsula, and the possible atmospheric circulation state by comparing recent rainfall variability with atmospheric circulation indices. In the present study, very significant historical rainfall records and flood damage records since the mid-19th century, modern rainfall records and global climate

During the spring of 2021, rapid surface cooling in the Arctic area expanded to most of the East Asian region, featuring surface-temperature dipole patterns of the colder west (Mongolia and northern-central China) and the warmer east (eastern-northeastern China, the Yellow Sea, and Korea). Despite the decreasing trend of dusty days within Korea, a notable rise in the occurrence of transboundary mineral

Aerosol effects on organized precipitation systems (PSs) over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region are investigated using 6 years of Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) observations. An auto-clustering algorithm was used to identify local-scale PSs under different aerosol loading conditions and to quantify their three-dimensional structure properties. The general characteristics of PSs show a non-monotonic

Western Siberia is exposed to extreme wind events caused by severe convective storms. However, our knowledge on such storms in Siberia is still fragmentary compared to other parts of the world primarily due to the lack of weather radar data These storms cause substantial damage, which signifies the need for comprehensive assessment of their characteristics and predictability even on the basis of existing

Low visibility event, as a disastrous weather, has great impacts on traffic and transportation, aircraft, and people's daily life, etc. Timely and accurate forecasts of low visibility events are urgently needed and meaningful. The reasonable algorithm of atmospheric extinction in atmospheric chemistry models is the basis for quantitatively predicting low visibility. The revised IMPROVE algorithm (RIMP)

Precipitation during the Meiyu period in East Asia demonstrated a tendency towards increased frequency of rainstorms and escalating disaster-causing potential, exhibiting significant inter-annual variations in recent years. The relationship between Meiyu precipitation (MP) anomalies, related circulation anomalies and mid-high-latitude synoptic-scale disturbances was investigated by observation and

Statistical post-processing is a pivotal approach in enhancing the statistical accuracy and applicability of precipitation forecasts from numerical weather prediction models. The existing methods primarily focus on correcting errors in either categorical or quantitative aspects individually, failing to address both simultaneously. Furthermore, the benefits of post-processing in extending the effective

The onset of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) marks the arrival of the rainy season and affects billions of people. Therefore, exploring the factors influencing ISM onset is essential, especially sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. In addition to the well-known El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the tropical Pacific, in this study, we find that the SST anomalies in the extratropical Pacific (Victoria

This study intercompares precipitation from gridded surface- (E-OBS, CARPATCLIM) and satellite-based (CMORPH, GPM IMERG, TRMM TMPA, PERSIANN-CDR, CHIRPS) observational datasets, the ERA5 reanalysis, and WRF regional climate simulations with grid spacings of 50 km and 10 km. The evaluation is carried out for the Carpathian region (south-east Central Europe), covering the 2001–2010 and 1985–2010 periods

Secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), as one of the main ubiquitous components of PM2.5, still have unclear impacts on their formation in the ambient environment, especially under extremely cold weather conditions. To explore the effects of open biomass burning (OBB) source emissions and meteorological factors on SIA formation, biomass burning tracer, i.e., levoglucosan (LG), was observed along with

As the extratropical Southern Hemispheric most prominent atmospheric mode, Antarctic oscillation (AAO) can impact the climate system via multi-spherical interactions, whereas its potential influence on the temperature anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) remains unclear. By employing ERA5 reanalysis during 1979–2018, we have identified a significant in-phase relationship between April–May AAO and

The Lancang-Mekong River is the most important international river in Southeast Asia, and its water resources are invaluable for the survival of the inhabitants of the basin, while the climatic conditions have a significant impact on the production and livelihoods of the riparian countries. In this study, future climate change in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB) was projected based on precipitation

Precipitation stable isotope is a good medium for studying the water cycle and atmospheric water vapor transport process. To better understand the influence and control mechanism of atmospheric circulation on the stable isotope of precipitation in the East Asian monsoon margin region. We set up observation points in the Shiyang River basin in the East Asian monsoon marginal region to observe precipitation

To avoid selection of filtered scales in multiscale initial perturbations and to evaluate the roles of multiscale initial perturbations on the China Meteorological Administration-convection-permitting ensemble prediction system (CMA-CPEPS), we proposed a new scale-blending technique and then constructed a blended initial perturbation scheme (BLEND) based on the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF)

Plenty of dust aerosols are emitted into the atmosphere in East Asian regions and significantly impact the regional environment and climate. In the past decade, the frequency of dust storm outbreaks has largely declined in the sources of Asian dust. However, it is still rarely reported how the dust properties after long-range transport in the downstream regions respond to this downtrend. Here we report

The Arctic region is experiencing a notable increase in precipitation, known as Arctic wetting, amidst the backdrop of Arctic warming. This phenomenon has implications for the Arctic hydrological cycle and numerous socio-ecological systems. However, the ability of climate models to accurately simulate changes in Arctic wetting has not been thoroughly assessed. In this study, we analyze total precipitation

Droughts are important natural hazards that occur worldwide and can have severe and long-lasting impacts on humans and ecosystems. These phenomena are usually quantified by means of the so-called drought indices, which are indirect indicators based on climatic information. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is one of the most widely used indexes and this study attempts to characterize the occurrence

With the increasing trend of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, by 2052 the temperature is expected to rise by 1.5 °C from the Pre-industrial Period, affecting future extreme rainfall events. This necessitates quantifying extreme hydrologic events to plan and design hydrologic and hydraulic structures using rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves to adapt to future climate scenarios. This

The rainy season onset date (RSOD) in the Southwest China (SWC) has important guiding significance for agricultural planting, and the abnormal RSOD is easy to cause drought or flood disasters in late spring and early summer. However, the RSOD in SWC and its related atmospheric circulation on daily scale and large regional scale has been less explored in the past literature. Therefore, this study aims

This study investigates the performance of two commonly used planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes, the local turbulence closure (Mellor-Yamada-Janjić: MYJ) and the nonlocal turbulence closure (Yonsei University: YSU), over the tropical coastal region of Shenzhen, China, using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The simulation results are evaluated by comparing them to various measurements

Based on the reanalysis data for the period 1980–2019, this study reveals that the linkage of autumn sea ice concentration in the Barents-Kara Seas (BKSIC) to the subsequent winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) underwent an interdecadal weakening in the early 1990s. Such a weakening is attributed to the discrepancy in the tropospheric warming resulting from the decrease in the interannual variability

Significant phase shifts in winter surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies have successively occurred in East Asia (EA) during recent years, leading to detrimental effects on socio-economic activities. In this study, we identify the fourth principal mode of month-to-month SAT variations over EA in winter (November–February) using the Season-reliant Empirical Orthogonal Function (S-EOF) analysis. The

The possibility of rainfall nowcasting using a new parameter — atmospheric electric field (potential gradient, PG) — is investigated. The temporal behavior of the PG measured by a ground-based electric field mill before rainfall was analyzed at the University of Reading Atmospheric Observatory (51.441°N, 0.938°W, 66 m) in 2007–2021 and the Nor Amberd research station (40.367°N, 45.258°E, 2000 m) in

In this paper, a hybrid gain data assimilation (HGDA) method was introduced into the mesoscale version of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES_Meso) model. To further improve the forecasting performance of the GRAPES_Meso model, a scheme combining the HGDA and multiscale incremental analysis update (IAU) methods was first proposed in this work. To evaluate the performance

The microphysical and dynamic evolution characteristics of two convections (labeled A and B) were analyzed using polarimetric radars during the same weather conditions under the influence of ground-based rockets and artilleries containing silver iodide (AgI). The ice and liquid water content (IWC and LWC, respectively), hydrometeor classification and three-dimensional wind structure were retrieved

The atmospheric environment before the onset of rainfall, frequently obtained from reanalysis, oftentimes varies dramatically at time scales ranging from minute to hour. Nevertheless, the extent to which hourly reanalysis data can capture the pre-rainfall and pre-storm signals remains largely unknown. To this end, three warm-season (April to September of 2015–2017) records of high-resolution radiosonde

Reanalyses are often regarded as the most reliable datasets that give a comprehensive picture of meteorological parameters all over the globe. They are the first choice of dataset for researchers interested in analysing meteorological variables. Recognizing their importance, several agencies worldwide produce reanalysis datasets using different methods. This study aims to reduce the uncertainty associated

The more frequent winter temperature extremes have exerted significant negative impacts on the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region of China during the recent decades. To more deeply understand the extreme temperature events(ETEs) in the region, in this study, the temperature intra-seasonal variability(TSV) and ETEs are investigated based on the observation data. Our results

Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) plays a crucial role in the water and energy cycles of the earth. An accurate estimate of the ETa is essential for management of the water resources, agriculture, and irrigation, as well as research on atmospheric variations. Despite the importance of accurate ETa values, estimating and mapping them remains challenging due to the physical and biological complexity of

Using observations, NCEP-NCAR and ERA5 reanalysis datasets, numerical experiments and CMIP6 model outputs, this study investigates long-term changes in the meridional position of subtropical jet anomalies in association with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It is found that the subtropical jet anomalies associated with ENSO index (i.e., Niño3.4 index in this study) over both Northern Hemisphere

Two distinct algorithms, namely Deep Blue (DB) and Multiangle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC), based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), can provide aerosol optical depth (AOD) products over bright surfaces. Recently, the newest MAIAC Collection 6.1 (C6.1) product was available, which corrected many known deficiencies of C6. Due to the significant impact of

Meiyu rainfall is an important climate phenomenon in East Asia, but its interannual variability has amplified in recent decades. To gain a better understanding of the underlying atmospheric processes of torrential Meiyu rainfall, we investigated the moisture sources and isotopic composition of the 2020 extraordinary and persistent Meiyu rainfall in the Yangtze River valley from June 19 to July 10 using

Snow drought is commonly defined as the phenomenon of abnormally low snow snowpack caused by below-normal precipitation and/or above-normal temperatures for a period of time. This poses a critical knowledge gap, requiring a deeper understanding of its multivariate risk under various scenarios, dynamics, and driving mechanisms in a changing environment. In this study, we constructed a density kernel

This study investigates changes in rainfall patterns over Northwest India (NWI) and the warming of the Northwestern Arabian Sea (NWAS) since 2000. These changes are attributed to the Silk Road Pattern (SRP) phase change in the late 1990s. The SRP positive phase triggers geostrophic deformation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) by inducing an anomalous circulation pattern along the westerly jet, at 200 hPa

Under the background of global warming, heat wave events have become significantly frequent and have received increasing attention. Northwest China is located in the drylands of central Eurasia, where the climate and ecological environment are more vulnerable to global warming than in other parts of the world. Over the past few decades, the frequency of heat waves in Northwest China has increased significantly

The strong upward motion in the lower tropical tropopause layer (TTL) over the tropical western Pacific (TWP) and the large-scale tropical upwelling of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) in boreal winter form a critical pathway for tropospheric trace gases entering the stratosphere. An index, called the TSTI, is defined using the combination of the upward motion in the lower TTL and the tropical upwelling

In-situ precipitation data is the most reliable data for the drought assessment. However, gridded datasets are commonly used due to limited availability of station data. However, the gridded data may exhibit bias compared to station data. The present study has been undertaken to examine the performance of gridded datasets from global precipitation products (gauge-interpolated, merged from various sources

Droughts are one of the main environmental challenges facing the world this century. The latitudinal and orographic characteristics of continental Chile leads different areas within it to experience very different regimes of precipitation and temperature, resulting in a wide variation in the occurrence and severity of droughts. Using the CR2Met 5 × 5 km resolution gridded monthly dataset covering the

The eastern European (EE) region has experienced record-breaking heatwave events in recent years, and such events are expected to increase in future with global warming. Early warning systems are an important step towards mitigating their impacts. Here we seek to further clarify the effect of Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) on the EE region temperature variability. Using observations and climate model

Surface ozone, which is a major air pollutant, has gained widespread public attention due to its significant harm to human health and ecosystems. Here we find that long-term trends of surface ozone are largely influenced by stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) using the historical simulations in the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble. It is found that STE contributes up to 39.5% of climatological surface

In this paper, the linkage of the sub-seasonal variability of North Atlantic blocking (NAB) to the interannual-to-decadal winter midlatitude North Atlantic jet (NAJ) is examined. The variability of NAJ in meridional position (strength) is characterized by the first (second) empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of the winter-mean 46-days low-pass filtered North Atlantic 500-hPa zonal wind. The composite

Based on the fifth generation atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) hourly data from May to August during 1979–2020, the long-term features of four hydrometeors (cloud water, cloud ice, rain, and snow) in stratiform and convective precipitation over the central eastern China and its adjacent northwest Pacific Ocean, as well as their relationship with precipitation intensity were first investigated. Results