High-magnitude mass flows can have a pervasive geomorphological legacy, yet the short-term response of valley floors to such intense disturbances is poorly known and poses significant observational challenges in unstable landscapes. We combined satellite remote sensing, numerical modeling, and field observations to reconstruct the short-term geomorphological response of river channels directly affected

The timing of continental collision between Arabia and Eurasia is a highly controversial issue, on which new constraints are here provided from the Amiran Basin (Zagros Mountains, Iran). Upper Cretaceous carbonate ramps grown along the Arabian northern margin are overlain by the siliciclastic deep-water Amiran and shallow-water Kashkan Formations, dated biostratigraphically as 64–60 Ma (Paleocene)

High-threat explosive silicic eruptions commonly contain banded pumice, reflecting magma mingling in the conduit prior to or during eruption. Heterogeneities in tuffs have been attributed to the draw-up of compositionally distinct magmas, in which low-viscosity magmas ascend more quickly than high-viscosity magmas. The Rattlesnake Tuff of the High Lava Plains in Oregon (northwestern United States)

Impact melting and outgassing of impact melts were important processes shaping the crust and atmosphere of early Earth and Mars. The redox state of impact melts influences the gases they release, but the controls on impact melt redox are not well understood. Here, we present Fe micro–X-ray absorption near edge structure (μ-XANES) measurements of a suite of impact melt glasses from Lonar crater, India

In the absence of detailed broad-scale studies, both spatially and temporally, the overall status (disturbed, recovering, or in decline) of many of the reefs that make up the Great Barrier Reef remains uncertain. Moreover, of the numerous and varied threats, their relative role in impacting individual reefs is generally unclear. Here, we adopt a novel approach to reliably reconstruct historical disturbance

The heavily deformed upland tesserae are some of the most ancient geologic units on Venus and, as such, record the longest history of surface evolution. Our geologic understanding of these landforms is based largely on radar images from the Magellan mission, in which gross morphology and small-scale properties can be difficult to deconvolve. Here we use Magellan radar backscatter data for ridge slope

Mercury is a global pollutant that can undergo long-range transport in the atmosphere. While anthropogenic activities have largely increased atmospheric Hg emission and deposition since global industrialization, mechanisms governing the atmospheric Hg cycle in preindustrial periods remain unclear. Alpine peatlands receive Hg mainly from atmospheric Hg deposition and are sensitive to climatic changes

Komatiites and picrites generated by high degrees of mantle partial melting serve as potential probes of Earth’s deep mantle. Tungsten (W) isotopes in these rocks offer a rare chance to better understand early differentiation, late accretion, core-mantle interaction, and subsequent evolution of Earth’s mantle. We present new W isotope data for Archean komatiites and basalts from the Barberton (South

Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas, but its behavior and influencing factors over geological time scales are not sufficiently clear. This study investigated the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA), which is thought to have experienced an interval of rapid warming at ca. 304 Ma, that may have been analogous to modern warming. To explore possible causes of this warming event, we investigated ancient

Windblown dunes are common features in our solar system, forming on planetary surfaces that span wide ranges in gravity and both atmospheric and sediment properties. The patterns formed by their crests, which are readily visible from orbital images, can record information about recent changes in boundary conditions, such as shifts in wind regime or varying sediment availability. Here, we demonstrate

The northwest-trending transition zone (TZ) in Arizona (southwestern United States) is an ~100-km-wide physiographic province that separates the relatively undeformed southwestern margin of the Colorado Plateau from the hyperextended Basin and Range province to the southwest. The TZ is widely depicted to have been a Late Cretaceous–Paleogene northeast-dipping erosional slope along which Proterozoic

Understanding the effects of climatic upheavals during the Early to Late Cretaceous transition is essential for characterizing the tempo of tectonically driven landscape modification and biological interchange; yet, current chronostratigraphic frameworks are too imprecise, even on regional scales, to address many outstanding questions. This includes the Mussentuchit Member of the uppermost Cedar Mountain

Lithospheric plates diverge at mid-ocean ridges and asthenospheric mantle material rises in response. The rising material decompresses, which can result in partial melting, potentially impacting the driving forces of the system. Yet the geometry and spatial distribution of the melt as it migrates to the ridge axis are debated. Organized melt fabrics can cause strong seismic anisotropy, which can be

Although rheological heterogeneities are invoked to explain differences in fault-slip behavior, case studies where an interdisciplinary approach is adopted to capture their specific roles are still rare. In this work, we integrated geophysical, geological, and laboratory data to explain how rheological heterogeneities influence the earthquake activity at the roots of the seismogenic zone. During the

A non-destructive, convenient, and low-cost yield estimation at the field scale is vital for precision farming. Significant progress has been made in using UAV-based canopy features to predict crop yield during the mid-growth stages. However, there has been limited effort to explore yield estimation specifically after crop maturity. Researching the effectiveness of artificial intelligence for estimating

Soils harbour a large number of unicellular eukaryotic parasites of metazoans, particularly Apicomplexa. Apicomplexan distribution, their associations with hosts, and impacts of human-dominated land use are little studied. We aimed to fill this gap by a biodiversity survey across large spatial scales.

Climate and land use change can independently affect food web structure. However, their direct and indirect relationships with food webs are not well-understood. This is particularly relevant for freshwater ecosystems, which are strongly affected by global threats and differ substantially in attributes and functioning. Here, we investigated direct and indirect relationships between climate and land

A destination attracts tourists not only by its aesthetically well-designed and functionally well-maintained urban scenes but also by its image and sense of place. Using Macau as a case study, this paper utilises perception-based assessment, photo analysis and statistical modelling to investigate the aesthetic perceptions and image impressions of tourists walking along travel trails that include must-see

This case study addresses the problem of empty container repositioning (ECR) in the Colombian context at a regional scale. The research was motivated by the massive empty container congestion in 2022 in specific nodes of the logistics network. A Mixed methods approach is proposed in this research applying qualitative and quantitative methods that aim to clarify the causes of inefficiency in empty repositioning

With the accelerated aging process, the increased willingness of elderly people to travel, and the concessionary bus travel policy implementation, public transport, especially buses, has become one of the important ways for China's elderly people to participate in social activities. Meanwhile, the increased use of public transport by elderly people results in serious conflicts with commuters. In order

A high-comfort bike network that connects people's homes with their destinations is crucial to attracting more people to cycling. While avoiding high traffic stress is one critical dimension of comfort, another is avoiding steep climbs. In this study, we propose “Steepness Level” criteria that can complement Level of Traffic Stress criteria for evaluating bike networks, drawing from best-practice guidelines

The objectives of reducing income inequality and providing sustainable transport systems are part of the Sustainable Development Goals and are inter-related. On the one hand, income distribution influences transport decisions and accessibility. On the other hand, transport can be a source of redistribution by facilitating access to opportunities, and by being a target for public spending. Yet, two

Abstract not available

Pollination is an essential stage of angiosperm reproduction, and the mode of pollination plays a major role in driving evolutionary and ecological responses of plants to environmental changes. However, the effects of climate, evolutionary history and floral traits (i.e. plant sexual systems) on pollination mode variation remain unclear. Here, we explored the biogeographic patterns in pollination mode

The extent individuals can choose a residential location based on their travel needs and preferences is an important topic within the realm of research on land use-transport interactions. However, little attention has been paid to the characteristics of residents who experience a dissonance between their preferred and actual residence in terms of travel preferences (i.e., residential dissonance), and

The comprehensive characterization of global urbanization requires consideration of both human activities and urban physical structures. Both human activities and urban physical structures exhibit regular self-similar patterns, yet the spatial patterns between the two at a global scale remain elusive. This study utilized NPP-VIIRS annual composite data and newly available world settlement footprint

Elevational migration is a globally ubiquitous animal behaviour. Understanding the mechanisms that drive variation in elevational movement can help explain the evolution of this widespread animal behaviour and its role in shaping montane life history. We examine the role of thermal regime (the intra-annual variation in temperature experienced by a species), dispersal ability and diet in explaining

To help stakeholders such as planners, resource managers, policymakers, and decision makers address environmental challenges in the Anthropocene, scientists are increasingly creating actionable sci...

Human mobility is an important carrier of material flow, information flow, capital flow, and technology flow between locations. A better understanding of human mobility in rural areas could inform efforts to achieve rural revitalization. However, there have been limited evaluations of the characteristics of human mobility in rural areas. Based on human movements estimated from mobile phone data, we

Obtaining high-precision soil organic matter (SOM) spatial distribution information is of great significance for applications such as precision agriculture. But in the current hyperspectral SOM inversion work, soil moisture greatly influences the representation of the sensitive information of SOM on the spectrum. Therefore, a Kubelka-Munk theory based spectral correction model for soil moisture removal

Spatially and timely accurate information about tropical forest disturbances is crucial for tracking critical forest changes, supporting forest management, and enabling law enforcement activities. In recent years, forest disturbance monitoring and alerting using cloud-penetrating Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery has proven effective at national and pan-tropical scales. Related detection approaches

Due to language and networking barriers, global initiatives to compile trait data often fail to integrate data from sources in non-English languages or scientists that largely speak and write in non-English languages. To illustrate the potential for regional databases to fill gaps in trait data, and how such databases may fill critical gaps in global biodiversity databases, we built the Rasgos-CL Database

Monitoring the distribution and area change of biological soil crusts (BSCs) can enhance our understanding of the interactions between nonvascular plants and the environment in drylands. However, u...

Precise identification of binary building changes through remote sensing observations plays a crucial role in sustainable urban development. However, many supervised change detection (CD) methods o...

Developing denoising algorithms for hyperspectral remote sensing images (HSIs) can alleviate noise problem, improve data utilization as well as the accuracy of subsequent applications. However, existing denoising techniques are usually unstable due to the variations of landscapes, resulting in local distortion of HSIs, especially in heterogeneous areas. To tackle this issue, we propose a spatial–spectral

As public transit becomes increasingly personalized with services that can dynamically adapt to demand as it is realized over the course of a day, it is important to ensure that the services are equitable and do not grow on unintended or endemic biases, or create new biases. Such biases might arise from prioritizing cost-effectiveness or system efficiency. This paper explicitly integrates equity considerations

Building orientation recognition is a fundamental component of cartographic applications such as map regularization and map generalization. Most current methods effectively calculate orientations for buildings with a single orientation but struggle with complex multi-oriented structures and architectural complexes. This limitation leads to overlooking the spatial relationship between building groups

For intelligent transportation systems, moving object segmentation (MOS) provides valuable information for robots and intelligent vehicles, such as collision avoidance, path planning, and static map construction. However, all existing 3D point cloud MOS methods are based on LiDAR-only, which limits the ability to fuse supplementary information from different sensors. In this article, we solve the robust

Ship detection of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images has received much attention in the field of military and people's livelihood. The radar pulse signals reflected by buildings and sea clutter would reduce the salience of ships in images, making ship features blurrier. This leads to interference and erroneous judgments in SAR ship detection. To solve this problem, a novel SAR ship detection method

The function of plastics is an important issue, especially since it determines whether or not they can be recycled. This study presents a two-stage workflow to identify the functions of plastic materials on land surfaces using a deep learning model trained with Sentinel-2 satellite images. First, a classification map identifying 10 distinct plastic types was obtained by evaluating spaceborne hyperspectral

Under the threat of climate change, many global cities nowadays are promoting shared commuting modes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Shared electric bikes (e-bikes) are emerging modes that compete with bikes, cars, or public transit. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence for the net effect of shared e-bikes on carbon emissions, as shared e-bikes can substitute for both higher carbon emissions

Essential vegetation variables including leaf area index (LAI), fraction of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (FAPAR) and fraction of green vegetation cover (FCover) are produced and distributed in the Copernicus Global Land Service. We describe here the algorithmic principles, consistency and improvements of GEOV2, Version 2 of LAI, FAPAR and FCover products derived from SPOT/VGT (1999–2013)

Bamboo, a fast-growing vegetation with high carbon sequestration efficiency, is widely distributed across Asia, Central and South America, and Africa. However, mapping aboveground carbon (AGC) density (kgC m−2) in bamboo can be challenging due to the changing composition of old and new culms or the phenology of the canopy. In this study, we conducted a UAV-lidar survey on 120 ha of subalpine dwarf

In February 2023, Turkey experienced a series of earthquakes that caused significant damage to buildings and affected many people. Detecting building damage quickly is crucial for helping earthquake victims, and we believe machine learning models offer a promising solution. In our research, we introduce a new, lightweight deep-learning model capable of accurately classifying damaged buildings in remote-sensing

With its successful application in various fields, hyperspectral unmixing (HU) technology has received extensive attention in remote sensing processing. Recently, various autoencoders based on the linear mixing model (LMM) have been proposed to provide a feasible unsupervised solution for HU. However, the ability of autoencoders to exploit the prior properties of the latent spatial distribution is

Individual tree detection using airborne laser scanning (ALS) can provide relevant data to complement forest inventory data. Local Maxima-based (LM) methods for individual tree detection are suitable for applications over large extents, but their performance depends on the type of pre-processing of the input data, as well as forest structure and composition. We developed a model that improves LM through

Deep learning has dominated hyperspectral image (HSI) classification due to its modular design and powerful feature extraction capabilities. Recently, a modern macro-architecture-based framework with high-order feature interactions has been proposed, inspiring the design of HSI classification models. As a spatial mixer in a modern macro-architecture, the high-order feature interaction facilitates the

Recently, graph convolutional networks (GCNs) has attracted wide attention on the wetland classification with limited samples. However, traditional approaches of superpixel generation rely on artificial experience and the spatial information is ignored during the construction of graph structure, which limits the classification performance. To address these problems, a feature-guided dynamic graph convolutional

Recent evidence has shown changes in body size and shape of individuals, which are suggested to be a result of global warming caused by climate change. Here, we explored the spatiotemporal changes in wing length and body mass of 24 wintering bird species in Northern Europe and how these relate to temperature anomaly.

Many studies demonstrate that climate limits invertebrates along tropical elevational gradients, but we have only a rudimentary understanding of the role of nutrient limitation and climatic seasonality. Here we examined the relationships between ant community structure, nutrient use and season along three undisturbed elevational gradients, each from a different continent.

Spatiotemporal changes in lake water resources critically affect the livelihoods and the sustainable development of the local social economy. Understanding the evolution of lake water resource and its influence on economic development is important for achieving sustainable development goals. Taking Africa’s largest lake, Lake Victoria, as the study area, a framework was developed to investigate long-term

This paper draws on ethnographic research conducted 2019–2022 in three quite diverse city regions - Abuja, Cape Town and Tunis - to understand women's lived experiences of work in the road transport sector. The strength of connection between male identity and motor-mobility in Africa is ubiquitous and has rarely been questioned by transport sector actors. Women are still largely absent from the story

In most countries worldwide, the transport sector is responsible for a large proportion of energy consumption, the emissions of which have adverse effects on the environment and human health. It is therefore important to understand the determinants of road transport energy consumption in an attempt to minimise these adverse effects. This paper examines the association which road transport energy consumption

Remotely sensed light imagery provides a unique perspective for high-frequency human activity monitoring. NASA has developed the Black Marble, a daily nighttime light (NTL) product from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) nighttime images by correcting environmental effects (i.e., atmospheric, lunar, and stray light effects). However, variation and uncertainty remain in the daily

This article examines the democratic political praxes and contestations developed by trade unions in relations with the postcolonial state in both the Global North and South. Our work is informed by the scholarship of Richard Iton on the postcolonial duppy state and notions of the colonial past haunting the postcolonial present through the rearticulation of racialized, imperial labor regimes and relations

This study comprehensively describes travel behavior to various destinations among adolescents from Germany aged 11–15 years and how this varies according to residential location type and adolescents' socio-demographics. Overall, more than a half of adolescents use active transport modes to reach school and non-school destinations. Prevalence of passive transport modes was higher in girls compared

ABSTRACT One of the most crucial topics in spatial interaction studies is mining patterns from extensive origin-destination (OD) flow data to capture interregional associations. However, prevailing methodologies tend to disregard the importance of using the relative closeness of interregional connections as weights, treat spatial and temporal dimensions independently, or overlook the temporal dimension

As the COVID-19 pandemic has shown, congestion is an important component in access to medical care. This study expands congestion-based accessibility research by imposing upper limits on demand levels and introducing minimum demand thresholds at individual facilities using the bounded transportation problem to develop different variants of congestion/threshold constrained accessibility metrics. The

ABSTRACT Bamboo forests have a high carbon sequestration potential. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides fresh insights into the temporal and geographical variations in bamboo development and its interactions with the environment. SIF can serve as a probe for photosynthesis. In this study, we used distribution information on Chinese bamboo forests as well as a global SIF product, the