Southern Xinjiang located in the far northwest of China is experiencing serious particulate matter (PM) pollution. The wind erosion has been recognized as a great contributor of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in southern Xinjiang. In this study we developed a method that used the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) to establish the PM10 and PM2.5 emission inventories from the wind erosion source in

Previous studies mainly focused on the influences of climate change on wildfires. However, other types of fires are also weather-related (especially temperature-related). The present study is aimed to analyze the influences of climate warming on fire risk. By data joining and processing, a dataset was born which includes 20,622 fire incidents and the related weather data from 2011 to 2017 in Changsha

Managed retreat has become a compelling policy imperative as climate change exacerbates socio-natural hazard risks and imminent harm looms for exposed communities. Retreats may be initiated over different times and scales using various instruments by actors, from the state to the private sector and civil society. However, in the absence of a coherent strategic vision, guiding frameworks, and capacity

It is widely recognized that numerical weather prediction (NWP) results for the Antarctic are relatively poor compared to the mid‐latitudes. In this study, we evaluate output from three operational NWP systems: the ECMWF, Global Forecast System (GFS) and Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS), for the Austral winter (June‐August) of 2013 for the Weddell Sea region, paying special attention to

A method of assimilating satellite observations in quantitative ensemble forecasting models of airborne volcanic ash is presented in this study. The method employs many trial dispersion model simulations that are generated by both deterministic and random perturbations of the source term and use of an ensemble of numerical weather prediction model fields. An ensemble filter is then applied to the trial

Future changes in the Asian‐Australian monsoon (AAM) and its submonsoons are investigated based on low‐emission scenario simulations using the Community Earth System Model, which are under the 1.5°C and 2.0°C warming targets proposed by the Paris Agreement. Changes in the AAM system are projected by the end of the 21st century: (1) The AAM summer precipitation at the 1.5°C warming target will increase

The present study investigates the contributions of four types of precipitation events with different consecutive days (1–3-day, 4–7-day, 8–14-day, and over-14 day) of precipitation to April–October rainfall anomalies over Asia and roles of the three factors (intensity, number, duration) in area-mean rainfall anomalies of four types of precipitation events in El Niño and La Niña years. It is found

A growing body of research has explored whether evoking hope or fear about climate change is more effective at catalyzing attitude and behavior change among the public. Prior studies on this topic have primarily tested responses to text and/or still image manipulations, finding mixed results. Amid the rapidly growing creation and consumption of climate change video content online, it is important that

This study investigates the link between rain and ice microphysics across the melting layer in stratiform rain systems using measurements from vertically pointing multi-frequency Doppler radars. A novel methodology to examine the variability of the precipitation rate and the mass-weighted melted diameter (Dm) across the melting region is proposed and applied to a 6 h long case study, observed during

Abstract. A 31 MHz meteor radar located in Svalbard has been used to observe polar mesospheric echoes (PMSE) during summer 2020. Data from 19 July was selected for detailed analysis, with a focus on extracting additional information to characterize the atmosphere in the PMSE region. The use of an all-sky meteor radar adds an additional use to data collected for meteor observations and enables the detection

Abstract. UCATS (the UAS Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species) was designed and built for observations of important atmospheric trace gases from unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). Initially it measured major chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the stratospheric transport tracers nitrous oxide (N2O) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), using gas chromatography

Source apportionment studies are expected to provide relative contribution of different sources responsible for deteriorated air quality in an urban area, so that the agency responsible for urban air quality management can adopt prioritized source-specific control measures. Robust assessment of source contributions in a typical urban land-use pattern is the prime step for development of effective emission

Abstract In order to improve our understanding of the origin and production processes of methylamine in the atmosphere and its contribution to the particulate WSON, simultaneous measurements of methylamine in size-segregated aerosols and the gas phase were conducted at a forested site in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, over one year. The concentration of the atmospheric methylamine that is the sum of

Abstract Notwithstanding the extensive media coverage of topics related to climate change, communication initiatives in open contradiction with the scientific understanding of climate change as a primarily anthropogenic phenomenon are still widespread. We focus here on a recent such initiative, which gained notoriety between the second half of 2019 and the first half of 2020. We show that its promoters

Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Atmosphere maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...]

The Arctic’s winter water cycle is rapidly changing, with implications for snow moisture sources and transport processes. Stable isotope values (δ18O, δ2H, d-excess) of the Arctic snowpack have potential to provide proxy records of these processes, yet it is unclear how well the isotope values of individual snowfall events are preserved within snow profiles. Here, we present water isotope data from

Rapid industrialization of Korea’s economy has brought with it environmental pollution that threatens human health. Among various other pollutants, ambient fine particulate matter known to endanger human health often exceeds air quality standards in Seoul, South Korea’s capital. The goal of this research is to find the impact of meteorological extremes and particle levels on human health. The analysis

Aerosol vertical profiling is crucial to understand the formation mechanism and evolution processes of haze, which have not yet been comprehensively clarified. In this study, we investigated a severe, persistent haze event in Wuhan (30.5° N, 114.4° E), China during 5–18 January 2013 by the use of a polarization lidar, a Cimel sun photometer, meteorological datasets, and the hybrid single-particle Lagrangian

The vertical observation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is an important means to clarify the mechanisms of ozone formation. To explore the vertical evolution of VOCs in summer, a field campaign using a tethered balloon during summer photochemical pollution was conducted in Shijiazhuang from 8 June to 3 July 2019. A total of 192 samples were collected, 23 vertical profiles were obtained, and the

A wide range of proxies (organic and inorganic geochemistry, gamma-ray spectrometry, microfacies, framboidal pyrite analysis) were applied in order to decipher changes in depositional conditions during the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event, referred to as the Lower Alum Shale Event (LASE) in the Polish part of the Laurussia basin. The LASE part of the section, unlike older Tournaisian deposits, is characterised

Mass extinction and extensive black shale deposition were associated with widespread ocean anoxia during the Ordovician–Silurian transitional interval, yet uncertainty among trace-metal proxies has precluded an improved understanding of redox dynamics at this time of Earth history and their relationship with animal evolution and accumulation of organic-rich shale. Herein, we describe results of a geochemical

We present a new chironomid record from sediments of former Lake Švarcenberk in South Bohemia (412 m asl, Czech Republic), located in the oceanic-to-continental macroclimatic transitional zone of eastern Central Europe. We provide estimates of Weichselian Late Glacial and Early Holocene (ca. 15–8 ka BP) mean July air temperatures on the basis of changes in the fossil assemblage using a joint Norwegian-Swiss

Nursing and weaning are behaviors that are central to the growth of offspring and success of mammal populations. The duration of nursing and timing of weaning are essential elements of a species' life history, but they are also somewhat plastic; weaning age increases during intervals of drought or other dietary stress. Thus, weaning age provides a proxy for nutritional stress in an extinct population

El Salt is an important reference site for understanding the extinction of Neanderthal populations in the eastern Iberian Peninsula during MIS 3. In this paper, we describe the small mammal assemblage from Stratigraphic Unit V, the youngest unit with evidence of human presence, based on nearly 1300 specimens. A total of seven rodents (Microtus arvalis, Microtus duodecimcostatus, Microtus cabrerae,

Although previous researches proved that frequent visits to urban spaces enhance the physical and mental health of people, most governments adopted lockdown policies after the outbreak of COVID-19. This decision has negatively impacted the wellbeing of communities and the livability of urban spaces. In this context the research questions how far the microclimatic conditions of urban space would influence

This study investigates the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential of carburetor motorcycles exhaust. This type of two-wheeler is a popular means of transport in many Asian cities. A volatility-based numerical model was employed to predict SOA formation from a fleet of motorcycles in Tehran, capital of Iran. The fleet was a combination of four-stroke, gasoline-powered motorcycles with

This paper presents the seasonal mean, rain integral parameters, and gamma parameters at the surface associated with the different precipitating systems over a coastal station Thumba (8.53°N, 76.87°E). The primary datasets consist of Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer (JWD) observations collected during 2007–2015 and 2018 over Thumba. The precipitating cloud systems observed over three seasons (pre-monsoon:

Using the long-term (2005–2019) observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) onboard Aqua satellite, the present study delineates the variability of the lower stratospheric ozone (LSO) in the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone (ASMA) region. The climatological features of LSO indicate a peak minimum in the southern flank of ASMA noticed by the geopotential measurements from MLS. Further, the temporal

The characteristics of aerosol methanesulfonic acid (MSA), non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42−) and MSA/nss-SO42− ratio, were measured at high-time resolution (1 h) over the East sea/sea of Japan (R1, 30° - 47°N，121° - 145°E), western North Pacific Ocean (R2, 47° - 58°N，145° - 176°E), subarctic western North Pacific (R3, 58° - 66°N，176°E - 169°W) and Arctic Ocean (R4, 66° - 85°N, 150–174°W) during July–September

Lidar is a powerful active remote sensing technique to monitor the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and there have already been many algorithms to retrieve the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) using aerosol lidars. However, the algorithm suitable for all atmospheric conditions doesn't exist. This study evaluates the capability of nine lidar algorithms under different pollution scenarios in terms

Roadside green infrastructure (GI) has attracted worldwide attention for its potentials to alleviate local air pollution. However, previous studies have not clearly characterized the effects of roadside GI on personal exposure levels to vehicular emissions, particularly for cyclists and pedestrians on the pathways between urban roads and vegetative barriers. In this study, field experiments were implemented

China has successfully reduced particulate matter pollution, but ozone concentrations continually grow. Here, we employed a atmospheric chemistry-climate model and modified two crop models with considering the effects of diffuse fertilization and ozone, which were validated by multiple observations. Using the state-of-the-art modeling approach, we assess effects of ozone and aerosols on rice and wheat

Acid rain was first recognized in the 1970s in North America and Europe as an atmospheric pollutant that was causing harm to ecosystems. In response, the U.S. Congress enacted Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAA) in 1990 to reduce sulfur and nitrogen emissions from fossil fuel burning power plants. This study reports trends in wet-precipitation chemistry in response to emissions reductions

A chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) was deployed to measure ambient ammonia (NH3) with a time-resolution of ∼5 min. Unexpectedly high levels of NH3, peaking at 15.5 ppbv and averaging at 2.1±1.9 ppbv, were observed near an agricultural field in Nanjing, China, during wintertime, a slack season for farming. Re-partitioning from aerosols can only explain a small portion of this NH3 due to

Climate change projections for the 21st century indicate an increase in the already high number of food-insecure people in India. While considerable research on vulnerability to climate change exists, research about Indian smallholder farming systems as a whole, encompassing farming strategies and development pathways in this context, is limited. Hence, the current study examines the vulnerability

The onset and advance of southwest monsoon are accompanied by the appearance of the offshore trough along the southwest coast of India. This offshore trough escorts a deluge of rainfall to the southwest coast, and sometimes rainfall band moves eastward further into south India. These broad observations were noticed during the summer monsoon of June 2017. Meteorological agencies and media had reported

Horizontal visibility is of utmost importance in climate and air quality studies as it can provide key information related to changes in meteorological conditions, air quality, and their impact on human health. In this study, multiple trend analysis methods were applied to investigate the annual and seasonal horizontal visibility trends based on 1985 to 2018 at 23 locations in Saudi Arabia. Different

The atmospheric impact on sea level variability in the Baltic Sea on different time scales was investigated. The Northern Hemisphere teleconnection patterns, namely, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Scandinavia (SCAND) patterns, were employed, and a strong but non-stationary relationship was found. The SCAND appeared to be most relevant to the mean monthly Baltic Sea

The science is clear: climate change is real. In 2015, 195 countries adopted the global climate deal in Paris. Nonetheless, numerous well-organized conservative think tanks (CTTs) deny that climate change is happening. We ask what kind of counterclaims are used by climate-sceptic CTTs and to what extent these counterclaims change over time. We analyse about 2500 blog articles from prominent CTTs in

We hypothesized that yearly response of plant growth to seasonal weather conditions would provide insight into the biogeographic status of three closely related and sympatric Dryopteris fern species and elucidate their potential future performance in conditions of climate change. In a 9-year experiment, we surveyed the yearly performance of 108 ex situ pre-grown sporophytes of D. carthusiana, D. dilatata

While numerous challenges associated with climate change exist, it remains difficult to fully comprehend its full implications on one’s life. Explanations for this range from psychological and cognitive barriers to social, political and economic impediments. This article provides the findings of a research project which investigated the lived experience of climate scientists and climate change experts

As the impacts of climate change on human society accelerate, coastal communities are vulnerable to changing environmental conditions. The capacity of communities and households to respond to these changes (i.e., their adaptive capacity) will determine the impacts of climate and co-occurring stressors. To date, empirical evidence linking theoretical measures of adaptive capacity to community and household

The Arctic has been warming faster than the global average during recent decades, and trends are projected to continue through the twenty-first century. Analysis of climate change impacts across the Arctic using dynamical models has almost exclusively been limited to outputs from global climate models or coarser regional climate models. Coarse resolution simulations limit the representation of physical

Loss and damage from climate change, recognized as a unique research and policy domain through the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) in 2013, has drawn increasing attention among climate scientists and policy makers. Labelled by some as the “third pillar” of the international climate regime—along with mitigation and adaptation—it has been suggested that loss and damage has the potential to catalyze

As New Zealand moves towards implementing measures under its new zero carbon climate change act, it is increasingly important to understand the differences in public perceptions of climate change risks, as these can significantly foster or hinder climate change decision-making. While there is some existing research on a range of stakeholder views, beliefs and values pertaining to climate change risks

Abstract Shallow windrow piles were applied as a low-cost option for biostabilisation of municipal solid wastes (MSW) prior to their utilisation as refuse-derived fuel (RDF). A considerable amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be emitted during the biostabilisation of MSW, especially when in operation under high moisture conditions such as there are in tropical Asia. This study investigated

ABSTRACT In the coming three decades, world waste will be expected to increase by 70%. Coupled with the absence of waste management technologies, unregulated dumping remained a threat to sustainable development in developing countries. To this end, this study emphasized to trace socially acceptable and environmentally friendly solid waste dumpsite for the northeastern arid cities of Ethiopia. The tuneful

Although the effectiveness of windbreaks in reducing wind speed and sediment transport is highly dependent on the efficiency of individual elements, few field studies have evaluated the effectiveness of single plants typical of arid areas such as Tamarix. A series field experiments were conducted in the Niatak area of Sistan to assess the effectiveness of a single Tamarix tree in reducing wind speed

The agricultural use of peatlands usually requires drainage, thereby transforming these organic soils from a net carbon sink into a net source. The Seeland region of Switzerland is characterised by fens that have been intensively used for agriculture for 150 years. Our site is a degraded fen with a remaining peat layer of 60 cm that had been used as cropland until 2009. In connection to a nature protection

Deep-rooted fruit trees mine more water from deep soils than their shallow-rooted counterparts. Understanding how deep soil water (DSW) is replenished and subsequently depleted by deep-rooted fruit trees, therefore, are important for informing sustainable water resources management particularly in arid regions. In this study, we collected soil samples from the surface down to 20 m under four land use

This study presents the first prediction results of a neural network model for the vertical total electron content of the topside ionosphere based on Swarm-A measurements. The model was trained on 5 years of Swarm-A data over the Euro-African sector spanning the period 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018. The Swarm-A data was combined with solar and geomagnetic indices to train the NN model. The Swarm-A

Post-sunset ionospheric irregularities are common features of the equatorial ionosphere that affect radio communication and navigation systems; their triggering physical mechanism is not yet fully understood. Atmospheric gravity wave is considered as a seeding mechanism for the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities (Abdu et al., 2009). To understand the effects of atmospheric waves, characteristics

This study investigates the morphology of the GPS TEC responses in the African Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) region to intense geomagnetic storms during the ascending and maximum phases of solar cycle 24 (2012–2014). Specifically, eight intense geomagnetic storms with Dst ≤ −100 nT were considered in this investigation using TEC data obtained from 13 GNSS receivers in the East African region