The impact of urban areas on the global and regional climate has been assessed using the global atmospheric model CCAM including an urban canyon parameterization at 50 km resolution globally. Simulations were produced with and without urban areas to assess urban impacts for the historical period (1980‐2000). Two different land cover and urban datasets (one based on IGBP‐DIS, the other based upon MODIS)

Nowadays, the assimilation of satellite observations into NumericalWeather Prediction (NWP) models plays a dominant role in improving weather forecasts, particularly radiances from infrared sounders. One of the keys to make optimal use of radiances is to simulate them with a Radiative Transfer Model (RTM). At M′et′eo‐France, the RTTOV RTM is used for NWP models. Currently, simulations are carried out

The widespread occurrence of lower Eocene chert and porcellanite has been viewed as a major paleoceanographic issue since the advent of ocean drilling, and both biotic and abiotic forcings have been proposed to explain it. We present a reconstruction of indurated siliceous sediment (ISS) and preserved biosiliceous sediment (PBS) occurrences in the Atlantic Ocean through the Paleocene and Eocene (~66

Polyurethane foam (PUF) passive air samplers (PAS) are widely used for measurements of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and other semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in large-scale monitoring networks as well as in case studies around the globe. Calibration of PUF-PAS is performed by field-based calibration studies or passive sampler uptake models. Both are typically performed and/or validated

Speciated atmospheric mercury including reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), particle bound mercury (PBM), and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) were measured for a two-year period in Ningbo city, the Yangtze River Delta, China. Averaged concentrations of PBM and RGM were 316 ± 377 pg m−3 and 100 ± 123 pg m−3, respectively, with the highest RGM/PBM ratio in summer (0.73 ± 1.31) and the lowest in winter (0

The present study examines the Kerala Flood Event (KFE, 15–16 August 2018, in India) that occurred along the west coast of India and resulted in ~400 mm of rainfall in one day. The KFE was unique in comparison to previous floods in India, not only due to the rainfall duration and amount, but also due to the fact that the dams failed to mitigate the flood, which made it the worst in history. The main

Biological risks potentially affect workers in multiple occupational sectors through their exposure to pathogenic agents. These risks must be carefully assessed to prevent adverse health effects. This article identifies and critically analyzes approaches that manage the qualitative evaluation of biological risk (EvBR) as part of occupational health and safety prevention, for which no standard method

Energy-efficient retrofitting of historic housing stock requires methodical approach, in-depth analysis and case-specific regulatory system, yet only limited efforts have been realized. In large scale rehabilitation projects, it is essential to develop a retrofit strategy on how to decide energy-efficient solutions for buildings providing the most energy saving in a short time. This paper presents

In our previous in vitro research and also in laying hen production, attempts were made to minimise ammonia emissions in poultry houses with the use of Deodoric® biopreparation. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the influence of the Deodoric® on ammonia (NH3) emission and turkey growth performance in a semi-industrial production system. Significant differences in NH3 emission (p-value

The issue of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) on large distance ground‐based conductive systems is a global space weather concern nowadays. The low‐latitude power grids are becoming more vulnerable to GICs hazards due to their increasing scale and degree of interconnection. Thus GICs measurement and modeling in these systems is of great importance. In this study, we present an analysis of the

In polar regions, where the boundary layer is often stably stratified, atmospheric models produce large biases depending on the boundary-layer parametrizations and the parametrization of the exchange of energy at the surface. This model intercomparison focuses on the very stable stratification encountered over the Antarctic Plateau in 2009. Here, we analyze results from 10 large-eddy-simulation (LES)

Thousands of deaths associated with air pollution each year could be prevented by forecasting the behavior of factors that pose risks to people’s health and their geographical distribution. Proximity to pollution sources, degree of urbanization, and population density are some of the factors whose spatial distribution enables the identification of possible influence on the presence of respiratory diseases

Air pollution, particularly PM2.5 particulate matter, is a significant issue in Santiago, the capital of Chile. Santiago’s pollution problem is exacerbated by its unique geographic location nestled against the Andes mountain range in the central valley of Chile. This paper uses network models that were developed primarily to analyze systemic risk in the financial system to identify those locations

This study is a detailed palaeontological and palaeoecological analysis of a middle Givetian (Middle Devonian) high-diversity patch reef located in a platform interior setting in South China. The location is Jiwozhai, Guizhou Province, in the Dushan Formation. A total of 83 species (including 23 undetermined species) belonging to 44 genera of reef organisms were identified, based on a detailed statistical

History of variability of tropical cyclones (TC) in the North-Western Pacific is critical for understanding impacts of future climatic changes. Natural archives of paleo-typhoon variability can be used to assess how changes in the planetary climatic system during the Holocene could influence TC frequency and intensity in this part of Pacific. Extreme typhoon-related rains are the main cause of catastrophic

There is a paucity of long and continuous continental records from South East Asia suitable to inform on past changes and underlying causes of the region's climate and associated diverse ecosystem evolution during the late Quaternary. In 2015, the Towuti Drilling Project (TDP) collected a series of sedimentary drill cores from the tectonic, ferruginous, and highly biodiverse Lake Towuti, Sulawesi,

Deep wells penetrated Cenozoic sedimentary record of two different basins: 1) Oligocene retro-arc basin which is buried under the 2) Miocene back-arc Danube Basin. This study is focused on biotic and abiotic proxies discussed in terms of existing biostratigraphical, paleoenvironmental and sedimentological data. Biotic proxies are represented by palynofacies and biomarkers (palynomorphs, AOM, phytoclasts

Sedimentological, geochemical and benthic foraminiferal proxies were used to interpret changes of depositional environments in a mud entrapment inside the Guadiana River paleo-valley, northern Gulf of Cadiz, to understand the temporal variability of fluvial flooding events and to detect patterns of latitudinal climatic variability in western Iberia. The period between ca. 5800 and ca. 1250 cal yr BP

The response of a spherical moist shallow water system to tropical imbalances in the presence of inhomogeneous saturation fields is examined. While the initial moist response is similar to the dry reference run, albeit with a reduced equivalent depth, the long time solution depends quite strikingly on the nature of the saturation field.

Transport theory is used to calculate the intensity of a wave propagating though a trunk‐dominated forest. The trunks are replaced by parallel infinitely long dielectric cylinders, and a vertically polarized plane wave is normally incident on the layer of these randomly distribution parallel cylinders. The problem can be reduced to a two‐dimensional transport problem that can be solved by the eigenvalue

In the autumns of 2010 and 2011, consecutive periods of heavy precipitation occurred in Hainan Island. Two groups of monthly-scale simulation experiments were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Sensitivity of rainfall and submonthly oscillations to cumulus parameterization and cloud microphysical schemes were evaluated. Due to that the experiment combining the Tiedtke cumulus

Spatial and temporal variability of drought in Oman was assessed for the period 1979–2014 using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at both seasonal (3-month) and annual (12-month) timescales. Changes in drought characteristics (e.g. frequency, duration, intensity, severity, and spatial extent) were detected for six distinct

The mass concentrations and content of water-soluble anions (Cl−, NO3−, SO42−) and cations (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) in the PM2.5 particle fraction were measured, and an investigation of their relationship and their contribution to the total PM2.5 mass measured was conducted at an urban background site as part of the Croatian monitoring network for air quality located in Rijeka, Croatia. Daily samples

Localized variations in traffic volume and speed can influence air pollutant emissions and corresponding concentrations in nearby communities, but most studies have utilized only aggregated traffic activity data. In this study, we compared the estimated influence of highway traffic activity on concentrations of primary oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in communities near

Land Use Regression (LUR) based on multiple linear regression model is one of the techniques used most frequently for modelling the spatial variability of air pollution and assessing exposure in urban areas. In this paper, a nonlinear generalised additive model is proposed for LUR and its performance is compared to a linear model in Sheffield, UK for the year 2019. Pollution models were estimated using

An intensity modulated, continuous-wave (IM-CW) integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) fiber-based lidar is developed herein for measuring atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). There are two main challenges in improving measurement accuracy, which have not been given enough attention in the previous research: one is that temperature sensitivity in optical components causes biases, due to the drift

With the large-scale development of wind energy, wind power forecasting plays a key role in power dispatching in the electric power grid, as well as in the operation and maintenance of wind farms. The most important technology for wind power forecasting is forecasting wind speed. The current mainstream methods for wind speed forecasting involve the combination of mesoscale numerical meteorological

As one of China’s emerging urban agglomerations, the Changzhutan urban area is suffering from regional composite air pollution. Previous studies mainly focus on single cities or world-class urban agglomerations, which cannot provide a scientific basis for air pollution in emerging urban agglomerations. This paper proposes the latest high-resolution emission inventory through the emission factor method

The Grid‐point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG version 3 (GAMIL3) has been developed by upgrading the horizontal resolution, methods of parallel computation, boundary layer scheme, aerosol parameterization, convective parameterization, stratocumulus cloud fraction scheme, land component, and coupler, as well as tuning some moist physical parameters with large uncertainties. Its performance is evaluated

Evaluating our understanding of smoke from wild and prescribed fires can benefit from downwind measurements that include inert tracers to test production and transport and reactive species to test chemical mechanisms. We characterized smoke from fires in coniferous forest fuels for >1000 hours over two summers (2017 and 2018) at our Missoula, Montana surface station and found a narrow range for key

The momentum fluxes associated with gravity waves (GWs) significantly vary both in time and space. It is important to qualify the intermittency of GWs because the intermittency largely affects the vertical profile of momentum flux convergences in the middle atmosphere. In this study, 1‐year of continuous observation with high time/height resolution and accuracy, was provided by the PANSY radar, a

Unlike previous studies from a single disdrometer, this study investigates and compares the raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics of convective inner‐rainband rain (CIR) and convective outer‐rainband rain (COR) in Typhoon Maria (2018), simultaneously captured for the first time by a newly established observational network including nine disdrometers in the northeastern Fujian Province of

Results of analysis of the proxy of Coronal Hole (CH) Power index, Pch, combined with the high speed streams HSS of solar wind for a period from 2011 to 2019 are presented. It is found that the long-term variation of Pch index shows a trend of growing Pch towards the minimum of solar cycle while most of other identities of solar activity tend to diminish. Superposition of fast solar wind of CH origin

The interdisciplinary exchange in climate engineering research offers a unique opportunity to make assumptions more explicit for such research projects. While making assumptions explicit is the standard in all disciplinary sciences, some assumptions in the context of societal challenges can only be usefully unveiled, discussed, and verified from the perspective of other research disciplines. Results

We assess uncertainties in projecting future changes in extreme storm surge height (SSH) based on typhoon data extracted from ensemble experiment results with four sea surface temperature (SST) conditions and three global warming scenarios using a single atmospheric global climate model. In particular, this study focus on typhoons passing around the Korean Peninsula (KP) defined as the region of 32

The past decades have witnessed a surge in the study of compound droughts and hot extremes, which are among the most stressful weather and climate extremes with disastrous impacts. A suitable tool for tracking properties of compound droughts and hot extremes taking into account their dependence is desirable. In this study, we proposed a compound drought-hot extreme index (CDHI) for characterizing compound

In the original publication, Figures 1 and 2 are subject to Crown Copyright.

Accurate forecast of the thermospheric density is critical to the space community. The data assimilation approach that based on the self‐consistent upper‐atmosphere model may provide better predictive capability of the coupled thermosphere system. In this study, a physics‐based assimilation system (hereafter referred to as PIDA) that is based on the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation

The study aims to examine the effects of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) measures on global environment and fertility rate by using the data of 1980 to 2019. The results show that communicable diseases including COVID-19 measures decrease carbon emissions and increase the chances of fertility rates in an account of city-wide lockdown. The knowledge spillover substantially decreases carbon emissions

The aim of this study is to estimate wintertime emissions of greenhouse gases CO2, N2O and CH4 in two abandoned peat extraction areas (APEA), Ess-soo and Laiuse, and in two Oxalis site-type drained peatland forests (DPF) on nitrogen-rich sapric histosol, a Norway spruce and a Downy birch forest, located in eastern Estonia. According to the long-term study using a closed chamber method, the APEAs emitted

A statistical analysis of 295 cloud samples collected at the Puy de Dôme station in France (PUY), covering the period 2001–2018, was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA), agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Our model classified the cloud water samples on the basis of their chemical concentrations and of the dynamical history of their

Meteorology and emission sources are the two main factors determining concentrations of air pollutants, including fine particulate matter. A regional air quality modeling system was used to analyze the sources of fine-particulate air pollution in Hanoi, Vietnam, in December 2010. The impacts of precipitation and winds on PM2.5 concentrations was investigated. Precipitation was negatively correlated

The large amount of carbon stored in trees and soils of the Amazon rain forest is under pressure from land use as well as climate change. Therefore, various efforts to monitor greenhouse gas exchange between the Amazon forest and the atmosphere are now ongoing, including regular vertical profile (surface to 4.5 km) greenhouse gas measurements across the Amazon. These profile measurements can be used

In this work, we applied X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and selective leaching experiments for investigating iron speciation in different dust advections collected on different unwashed quartz fiber filters. XAS analysis evidenced a predominance of Fe(III) in 6-fold coordination for Saharan dust and a trend towards Fe(II) and 4-fold coordination in the order: Saharan dust, mixed Saharan, and non-Saharan

Ediacaran fossils from the Nama Group (Kuibis Subgroup) of southern Namibia have a long history of scientific scrutiny, however many of the fossil localities still require investigation from a sedimentary facies and sequence stratigraphic standpoint. Detailed sedimentary analyses utilizing chemostratigraphy and facies-based approaches resulted in five proposed facies and two paleoenvironmental settings

Many recent studies focus on the relatively cold and humid interval during the Early Pleistocene Olduvai Subchron (1.95–1.77 Ma), but detailed environmental records for this interval are still rare. Here we present a high-resolution pollen record from the PL02 core (38°55′26.62″N, 106°36′3.82″E) from the Yinchuan Basin of northwestern China to reconstruct vegetation and infer climatic changes. Vegetation

Knowledge of the chemical weathering history under the subtropical monsoonal climate will help to resolve the discrepancies regarding how climate conditions constrain chemical weathering. Major element and rare earth element (REE) compositions of the Qionghai Lake sediments in Sichuan Province, southwestern China were analyzed, aiming to provide information on sediment source discrimination and history

Middle Devonian (Givetian) rugose corals from the Holy Cross Mountains (Miłoszów), Poland, have been analysed with respect to epibiont colonization patterns. Solitary microconchid tubeworms and colonial bryozoans, hederelloids and ascodictyids numerically dominate on the coral hosts. Moreover, the same taxonomic groups of epibionts dominate both the larger (Heliophyllum, Acanthophyllum, Stringophyllum

Light‐absorbing aerosols (LAAs), mainly composed of black carbon (BC) and dust aerosols, are responsible for significant climate forcing through their strong absorption of solar radiation. A fully coupled meteorology‐chemistry model (WRF‐Chem) associated with satellite retrievals and in situ measurements is used to investigate the direct radiative forcing (DRF) induced by LAAs in different climate

The destruction of the Aral Sea area constitutes one of the world's most infamous ecological disaster. However, the retreat of the Aral Sea has slowed down in recent years and the underlying reasons are not reported. In this work, based on the extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) method and the multiple linear regression model, we analyzed the changing of the Aral Sea from 1960 to 2018