About half of Brazil’s water demand is for irrigation, which has expanded greatly in Central Brazil in the last several decades. This study aims to estimate the feedback of irrigation on the regional climate system. More specifically, we estimate the amount of water withdrawals for irrigation in four irrigation zones in Central Brazil reprecipitate locally and in downwind regions. First, we used satellite

This study presents an in-depth analysis of precipitation patterns, surface energy balance (SEB) components, and atmospheric vertical gradients (AVG) in the Huancayo Geophysical Observatory (HYGO) situated in an agricultural region inside the Mantaro valley within the central Andes of Peru, utilizing data from January 2018 to April 2022 and climatic-scale data from 1965 to 2018. Our findings reveal

Vegetation parameters significantly impact the accuracy of microclimate simulations, yet their values vary across different climate zones. This study investigates whether using localized vegetation parameters can enhance simulation accuracy. Four scenarios were established with varying vegetation parameters and meteorological boundary conditions. Localized vegetation parameters were obtained from tree

Climate change has escalated heat risks in urban areas, which caused complex impacts on physical activity and an urgent need for better urban environments. Psychological knowledge helps explain the relationship between urban environment and physical activity levels (PA). Utilizing perceptions of heat risks in climate change (PHR) as the intermediary, the research explored the relationships between

The increasingly populated cities of the 21st Century face the challenge of being sustainable and resilient spaces for their inhabitants. However, climate change, among other problems, makes these objectives difficult to achieve. The Urban Heat Island phenomenon that occurs in cities, increasing their thermal stress, is one of the stumbling blocks to achieve a more sustainable city. The ability to

Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTFs) may act as considerable carbon sinks, regulating the atmospheric and terrestrial carbon storage and fluxes with implications for local, regional and global climates. In the Caatinga, an endemic Brazilian SDTF, the research on the magnitude of the CO2 sink is still incipient. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of observed CO2 fluxes using

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), as a principal air pollutant, stands as one of the key indicators in atmospheric quality monitoring. The spatiotemporal patterns of PM2.5 concentration in Madrid and Valencia during 2013–2022 were obtained from satellite-derived PM2.5 products and ground-based measurements. The peak PM2.5 concentrations occurred in July, August and December in Madrid, showing a geographical

In this study, the dynamics of airborne bioaerosol particles originated from different releasing sources under in spring, summer, autumn and winter meteorological factors in Zhongguancun, Beijing were investigated. The quantitative assessment of exposure risks was conducted by integrating a dose-response model within the context of accidental releases of biological materials in the scenarios of biosecurity

Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) are critical for understanding air quality, atmospheric chemistry, and climate change. This study examines long-term trends in NO₂ and SO₂ concentrations over the Arabian Peninsula (AP) from 2005 to 2023 using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) data from NASA's Aura satellite, addressing the region's limited surface monitoring network. Elevated

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge. However, the increasing problems of air pollution and climate change have a potential impact on the incidence of TB. Understanding the potential interaction between air pollutants and climate factors on TB is critical for accurate disease control strategies but remains elusive. In this study, a data-driven model is developed to predict

A well-designed outdoor environment can enhance thermal and visual comfort of University students and may even mitigate health risks associated with prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Previous studies pay less attention to both thermal and visual perceptions during outdoor training of University students. This study aims to investigate differences and correlations between thermal and visual perceptions

Crop quality is a critical aspect of food security, impacting end-use applications and market competitiveness. There is a well-established understanding of the impacts of climate change on crop yields, while its impacts on crop quality are often overlooked. Given the critical role of wheat in global food security and the ongoing climate change, it is essential to explore the climate drivers in shaping

Restoration of degraded grasslands can enhance productivity and promote carbon and water cycling, but changes in energy fluxes and the partitioning of net radiation (Rn) during restoration remain poorly understood. Clarifying the role of vegetation structural and physiological regulations of energy partitioning in semiarid grasslands is critical for advancing our understanding of ecosystem functioning

Drought-related forest mortality or dieback is increasing with climate warming. Previous studies have showed canopy height was one of the most important factors that related to forest survival and growth under drought, but the mechanism of this canopy height-dependency is still unclear. Based on standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) data, gross primary productivity (GPP) data and

Meteorological droughts have magnitude and migration characteristics due to their spatiotemporal construction. A comprehensive identification of these characteristics and quantification of their dominant factors are crucial for drought risk mitigation and forecasting efforts. However, migration characteristics have often been overlooked in previous studies, and the dominant factors affecting drought

Remote sensing estimation of aerial net primary production (ANPP) is a key challenge in precision agriculture and environmental monitoring. The Monteith model serves as the main conceptual frameworkin pastures.Sun-induced fluorescence (SIF), closely linked to photosynthesis, is a promising candidate for ANPP estimations when radiation use efficiency (RUE) undergoes physiological changes.Our aim was

Biochar is applied worldwide as an effective tool for improving rice yield and increasing soil carbon pools while contributing to greenhouse gas emission reduction. However, there is a knowledge gap concerning the effects of biochar application on rice yield, soil carbon pools, and greenhouse gas emissions in rice fields under varying environmental conditions. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive

This research explores interdecadal variations in the diurnal cycle of rainfall (DCR) over both inland and coastal areas of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) in pre-summer during 1979–2020. Analysis reveals that, over the past 42 years, trends in extreme rainfall during both day and night in GBA have escalated, driven by increased frequency and intensity. Inland rainfall shows a

The urban heat island effect has undermined the livability of cities. Previous studies have shown that Urban Functional Zones (UFZs) exert impacts on the thermal environment. However, the classification methods of UFZs haven't been standardized, which limits the generation of universal conclusions. This study employs the essential urban land use categories (EULUC) mapping method to delineate UFZs in

Quantifying human-environment heat exchange across different thermal transfer modes is critical for selecting effective interventions to improve outdoor thermal environments. This study investigates Guangzhou, a subtropical city, through field measurements and the Predicted Heat Strain (PHS) model to quantify time-series convective, radiative, and evaporative heat fluxes in shaded/unshaded environments

The authors regret that the acknowledgments section did not conform to the requirements of the funding agencies, and should read as follows:

The confluence of circular economy and carbon emission mitigation strategies has catalyzed the emergence of a concept called the Circular Carbon Economy (CCE). This study introduces a novel CCE evaluation framework targeting urban areas and employs Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to bolster transparency and interpretability. Through the application of big data mining techniques, key indicators

Climate change amplifies the frequency and severity of fires in tropical regions, particularly in savanna ecosystems. Amidst these changes, we provide the first comprehensive analysis of future fire risks in northern South American tropical savanna ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios. Utilizing a compounded-event framework, we not only assess but also predict fire risks in savannas under varying

Terrestrial ecosystems play a crucial role in carbon sequestration and provide vital ecosystem services such as food, energy, and raw materials. Climate change, through rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme events, threatens the carbon sink potential of these ecosystems, with forests and grasslands particularly at risk. Long-term data from flux tower networks offer valuable

This study proposed a novel quantitative index, the Symmetric Ratio, derived from satellite observations to depict Tropical Cyclone (TC) inner-core symmetry. This index is found to be significantly influential in TC Rapid Intensification (RI). We applied four machine learning (ML) models—Decision Tree, Random Forest, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, and Adaptive Boosting to forecast TC RI in the Northwestern

This study projects future variations in monthly precipitation and average temperature in major cities of Pakistan. It constructs Multi-Model Ensembles (MMEs) by selecting 16 General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). In this process, it utilizes an Artificial Neural Network-based statistical downscaling approach. The performance of these models

Urban thermal comfort can be improved by trees. A better understanding of the effects of trees on urban climate in streets can provide better guidelines on the optimized use of vegetation in cities to moderate temperatures. In this study, we explore and quantify both improvement and deterioration of urban thermal comfort due to street trees, modeled based on a common street tree in Montreal, by varying

Rising vapor pressure deficit (VPD) due to warming has increased global land surface soil evaporation (E), whereas reduced soil moisture (SM) from global drying has suppressed E. However, the relative contributions of these two factors to global E remain poorly understood, creating significant uncertainty regarding its long-term trends. This study constructed an E model that integrated physical processes

Canopy and ecosystem water use efficiency (WUET and WUEE) measure the trade-off between carbon gain and water loss at canopy and ecosystem scale respectively, and provide vital information for water resource management in drylands. But the assessment of environmental controls on WUET and WUEE on the decadal scale in drylands remains limited. Here, using eddy covariance (2014–2023) and sap-flow measurements

Lightning data monitored by a very low frequency/low frequency (VLF/LF) three-dimensional lightning detection and position system were assimilated using a mesoscale numerical model and its three-dimensional variational assimilation system. A case study was conducted on a double rainband weather event in Fujian, China, on 7 May 2018, which included both shear-line precipitation and warm-sector rainfall

Accurate prediction of dense fog is critical for daily life and economic activities. However, its high sensitivity to numerical initial conditions underscores the pivotal role of data assimilation in improving prediction quality. The impacts of data assimilation on a warm advection fog over the South China Sea and a cold advection fog in the North of China in 2021 were investigated using the radiance

Skillful forecasting of reservoir inflow is one of the main prerequisites for determining reservoir operation and management policies. This research incorporates proven techniques in a novel way to develop a comprehensive framework for forecasting event-based inflow floods with sub-daily time steps (6-h intervals), considering the uncertainty of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. Accordingly

Cycling can improve health, yet cyclists in cities may be exposed to hazardous conditions and have limited exposure to nature and its benefits. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare environmental exposures of urban cyclists on a vegetated, gravel trail route separated from cars and a fully paved route on local roads. In September 2021 in Austin, Texas, US, we cycled on the trail and

Many studies have demonstrated the regulatory function of urban blue-green spaces on urban climates, particularly by mitigating Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects and modulating environmental factors that affect microclimate and human thermal comfort. Yet, few have examined in detail the underlying mechanisms across multiple dimensions and scales. This study conducted field surveys along the four waterfront

Sulfate (SO42−) aerosols, a predominant chemical constituent of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), wield profound influences on urban atmospheric environments, climate dynamics, and public health. While advancements have been made in understanding the formation mechanisms of ground-level SO42−, the scarcity of long-term, continuous vertical measurements has limited our understanding of SO42− production

We investigated the interaction between thermal and gustatory environments in three outdoor spaces in China's cold region: an open square (OS), a tree-shaded space (TS), and a landscape pavilion (LP). Three gustatory stimuli (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme A. Gray, Prunus persica ‘Compressa’, and Prunus avium ‘Mei Zao’) and a control group (no stimulus) were used. The electroencephalograms

Climate sensitive designs have been implemented recently in science to fill the niche of developing scientific tools to help mitigating urban heat island effects. A model capable of identifying hot and cool spots and testing adaptation and mitigation strategies to form recommendations for policy makers is in high demand. We present a novel two-step validation approach using 1) absolute comparison and

Integrating genomic prediction (GP) and biophysical crop models has the potential to support plant breeding in defining adapting strategies to climate change. However, whether this integrated approach can actually broaden the prediction domain to unexplored environments is still unclear. We showed how crop models can extend GP to new environments and capture genotype-specific response to future climate

Process-based models (PBMs) and artificial intelligence models (AIMs) are both widely used to simulate crop growth under various environmental conditions and farm management practices. PBMs offer the advantage of interpretable simulations due to their mechanistic underpinnings, but the latest insights from crop growth mechanism research are often not promptly incorporated into PBMs. Further, while

The seasonal dynamics and interannual variation of gross primary production (GPP, g C/m2/day) of evergreen needleleaf forest (ENF) are important but most of models underestimate ENF GPP. In this work, we selected three ENF sites with 10+ years of data from the eddy flux towers and investigated temporal dynamics of GPP, climate, and vegetation greenness (as measured by vegetation indices from MODIS

Despite the importance of soil respiration (Rs) in the global carbon (C) cycle, our understanding of the dynamics of Rs and its temperature sensitivity (Q10) over time and across timescales remains to be improved for dryland ecosystems. We measured Rs continuously in a temperate semiarid shrubland in northern China during 2013–2019 to examine seasonal and interannual variations in Rs and Q10. Daily