In the last decade, much work has been done to better understand methane (CH4) emissions from the oil and gas (O&G) industry in the United States. Ethane (C2H6), a gas that is co‐emitted with thermogenic sources of CH4, is emitted in the US predominantly by the O&G sector. In this study, we perform an inverse analysis on 200 hours of atmospheric boundary layer C2H6 measurements to estimate C2H6 emissions

Urbanization is the most dominating land use change in the developing countries.There is a considerable growth (30 fold increase) of urban area during recent decades over the central National Capital Region (CNCR) of India. The present study assesses the impact of increasing urban sprawls on precipitation related to thunderstorm and associated meteorological parameters such as convective available

Aerosols associated with biomass burning sources in Southern Africa were the focus during the LASIC, CLARIFY, and ORACLES field intensives across the South Tropical Atlantic in August and September of 2017. During this period, we launched twenty ozonesondes to produce a high temporal resolution dataset to complement the once per week regular ozonesondes to investigate episodes of elevated O3 mixing

Reconstructions of paleoatmospheric H2 using polar firn air and ice cores would lead to a better understanding of the H2 biogeochemical cycle and how it is influenced by climate change and human activity. In this study, the permeability, diffusivity, and solubility of H2 are determined experimentally in ice Ih at temperatures relevant to polar ice sheets (199‐253 K). The experimental data are used

Gravity wave (GW) activities in the upper mesosphere (80–100 km) and their potential sources are investigated using meteor radar observations at King Sejong Station, Antarctica (KSS; 62.22°S, 58.78°W) during recent 14 years (2007–2020). GW activities are estimated by horizontal wind variances of small‐scale GWs (periods < 2 h, horizontal wavelength < 400 km, or vertical wavelength < 3–5 km). The wind

There has been growing interest in the potential of short‐lived climate forcer (SLCF) mitigation to reduce near‐term global warming. Black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are SLCF which change the Earth’s radiative balance directly by affecting radiation, and indirectly by altering cloud properties. We used the ECHAM‐HAMMOZ aerosol‐climate model to study the radiative forcings

Macrophysical and microphysical features of clouds and precipitation at coastal [20m above Mean Sea Level (MSL)] and high‐altitude cloud physics observatory (HACPO; 1820m above MSL) sites on the windward side of Western Ghats are examined using ground (Ceilometer and Disdrometer) and satellite‐based observations for the years 2017 and 2018 during the pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon seasons. Low‐ and high‐level

Several single‐year‐long (2017) simulations with different configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model over the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the Middle‐East at the convective gray‐zone resolution (9km) are evaluated in their ability to capture the temporal and spatial distributions of precipitation. Annual rainfall over the Middle‐East is dominated by wintertime precipitation

Both the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and El Niño (EN) activities are vital climate modes that regulate the Pacific hydrologic cycle. However, the Holocene interactions among the EAWM, EN activities, and tropical Pacific precipitation remain unclear due to the lack of appropriate EAWM proxies. Here, we present high-resolution grain size records from the East China Sea shelf along with a transient

The Siberian Traps volcanism is widely considered the main cause of the end-Permian mass extinction, the greatest biological crisis in the Earth history. While the extinction is interpreted as catastrophic and sudden with estimates of duration of approximately 35–40 thousand years from marine strata in South China, various lines of evidence have emerged for a more complex, prolonged, and diachronous

This study evaluates the spatial patterns of the Asian summer drought variations and the associated sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in 42 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models during 1950–2014. The analysis is focused on the meteorological drought measured using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). The evaluation is conducted for short-term, medium-term, and long-term

Wind-generated surface gravity waves forms an integral part in modulating the air-sea exchange processes. Information of wave parameters is also very essential in planning marine- and coastal-related activities. It is now well recognized that wind-wave activity shows changing trends over the global ocean basins. Numerous studies have addressed the projected changes in significant wave height for the

There is a growing interest in understanding the linkages between the use of weather and climate information services (WCIS) and the adoption of climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices. At present, however, there is little guidance on the impact of the use of WCIS on the adoption of CSA practices. This study examines this nexus by focusing on mobile phone delivery channels of weather forecasts through

Crop insurance is an important instrument for farmers to cope with climate risks. Yet, also, diversification plays a crucial role. The use of crop insurance and diversification is interrelated. For example, an increasing support and uptake of insurance solutions may discourage farmers to take diversification measures on the farm, given that they now have an insurance dealing with risks. This may have

There is increasing concern among financial regulators that changes in the distribution and frequency of extreme weather events induced by climate change could pose a threat to global financial stability. We assess this risk, for the case of floods, by developing a simple model of the propagation of climate-induced shocks through financial networks. We show that the magnitude of global risks is determined

Climate change is a serious concern for the agricultural sector given that this sector is highly dependent on climate conditions. Moreover, farmersʼ adaptation process under changing climate can be explained by the psychological factors and the incorporation of socio-environmental background. Therefore, the current study aimed at socio-cognitive perceptions and extended protection motivation theory

Social adaptations to natural hazards in China were influenced by various social and economic factors including traditional cultures such as Feng Shui, also known as Chinese geomancy. This study examines not only the progressive processes and spatial distribution of the 1849 severe flood in Nanjing City but also subsequent countermeasures based on historical documents, maps, and digital elevation model

Abstract Recently, local governments experienced unprecedented challenges to their recycling programs and are looking to alternative forms to meet their sustainability goals. Traditionally, waste management policies focus on using a mass-based recycling rate to promote and measure sustainability, however that metric inadvertently promotes recycling over source reduction. Here, we present a metric which

Abstract In this study we detail the mechanism of positive feedback linking variability of the oceanic heat flux in the Barents Sea, the sea-ice area and the atmospheric circulation over the region using oceanic and atmospheric reanalyses. The results show that an increase in the oceanic heat flux through the western boundary of the Barents Sea goes much faster than in the Norwegian Atlantic Slope

Abstract Ozone anomalies that occur in the winter–spring period in the Northern Hemisphere have been increasingly observed in recent decades not only in the polar, but also in midlatitudes, including those near populous cities. A decrease in the stratospheric ozone content can lead to dangerous for humans levels of UV radiation; therefore, the study of processes associated with the variability of the

Abstract In this paper we describe a technique for measuring the tropospheric wind profile using a 35-GHz Doppler profiler. The parameters of the equipment and the accuracy of measurements of the wind parameters are given. An algorithm for estimating wind pulsations at various altitudes is described. The measurement results are compared with the data obtained on the meteorological mast. Examples of

Soil moisture and precipitation are important parameters that influence Hg air-surface exchange at background sites, thereby influencing Hg distribution in the environment. Australia is a unique and understudied climatic region. Rainfall across the temperate regions of Australia is highly variable on both annual and inter-annual scales and is overall a relatively dry continent. As such, it is plausible

Abstract This study considers the problem of upper boundary conditions with regard to simulating the phenomenon of airflow over mountains. A two-dimensional stationary nonlinear analytical model is used. In a three-layer upstream flow, the velocity does not depend on the height, and the vertical temperature gradients change from layer to layer. The lower layer is the troposphere, the middle layer is

Abstract Using a balance model of the snow layer, we estimate the concentration of black carbon (BC) in the snow; then, with the help of radiative transfer model SNICAR, we calculate the snow albedo and radiative forcing (RF) from snow darkening with BC. Data from an ensemble simulation with INMCM5, the 5th version of the climate model of Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy

Abstract This work is devoted to a theoretical study of the hydrodynamic instability of the water–air interface. The development of this instability may result in “bag-breakup” fragmentation, which is one of the main sources of droplets in hurricane winds. A hypothesis according to which the initial water surface elevations subjected to fragmentation are formed by the hydrodynamic instability of disturbances

Abstract Simulations of the spread of radioactive contamination (RC) with cesium-137 (137Cs) as a passive impurity were performed using the Institute of Numerical Mathematics Ocean Model (INMOM) to assess the radiation threat from the Komsomolets nuclear submarine (NS) on the northeastern slope of the Norwegian Sea at a depth of 1680 m caused by the possible leakage of radionuclides from the reactor

Abstract Zonally averaged characteristics of the North Atlantic (NA) thermohaline circulation are investigated in different phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index over the past 70 years using ocean objective analyses EN4 and WOA13 and reanalyses GFDL, ESTOC, ORA-S4, and GECCO2. It is shown that similar thermohaline patterns appear in zonally averaged climatic trends and in differences

Abstract Variations in the equilibrium sensitivity of the INM-CM4-8 climate model to a quadrupling of the CO2 concentration are considered if changes in the cloudiness parameterization are specified in this model. It is shown that regulating the account for various mechanisms of formation and dissipation of cloudiness can lead to a change in the equilibrium sensitivity of the model from 3.6 to 8.1°C

Abstract On the basis of an analytical model of the flow of tractional sediments which takes into account the influence of the slopes of the bottom surface and bottom normal and tangential stresses on the movement of the bottom material, an analytical solution that allows one to determine the bottom tangential and normal stresses that arise when a turbulent flow around periodic long bottom waves of

Abstract An approximate analytical description of the nonstationary evolution of cylindrical nonlinear solitary waves with a complex structure is given. A modified Gardner equation with a boundary condition in the form of a “wide” soliton close to the limiting one is analyzed. The analysis shows a qualitative difference in the behavior of converging and diverging waves, as well as a difference from

PM2.5 pollution used to be severe in China and the government has been devoted to PM2.5 control in recent years. Based on the latest multisource data and advanced algorithms, systematic environmental impact estimation of PM2.5 is achieved to demonstrate its trend and impacts under control policy. Policy validity is proved by a significant decrease in PM2.5 concentration (28%), energy intensity of GDP

Winter persistent extreme cold events (WPECEs) often cause great damage to the development of economies and people’s lives. The sub-seasonal variation of the atmospheric circulation is regarded as one of important causes of extreme weather, and is key to propel the extended period prediction. In this paper, we mainly analyze the WPECEs in Xinjiang region and their relationship with the sub-seasonal

Non-road equipment has been an important source of pollutants that negatively affect air quality in China. An accurate emission inventory for non-road equipment is therefore required to improve air quality. The objective of this paper was to characterize emissions from typical diesel-fueled material handling equipment (loaders and cranes) using a portable emission measurement system. Instantaneous

Vegetation plays a key role in partitioning energy at the surface. Meteorological and Climate Models, both global and regional, implement vegetation using two parameters, the vegetation fraction and the leaf area index, obtained from satellite data. In most cases, models use average values for a given period. However, the vegetation is subject to strong inter-annual variability. In this work, the sensitivity

Together with ensuring a stable yield, improving grape composition and aroma is the main goal of wine grape production management as it determines consumer acceptance and ultimately revenue. Understanding the triggers of the synthesis of aromatic components and finding methods to map their variability in the field can aid management practices during the season and planning selective harvest in views

This paper showed different plume behaviors of exhausts from different number of stacks of the container ship, using CFD code PHOENICS version 6.0. The plume behavior was quantitatively analyzed by mass fraction of the pollutant in the exhaust and plume heights. Three simplified typical configurations were constructed by CFD according to the investigation of container ships. The configurations included

The convergence period is of critical significance in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) applications. Current criterion for determining PPP convergence period is by comparing the positioning error to the ground truth. This experiment-based criterion can be influenced by many factors like the accuracy of ephemeris and the test area. One can hardly get a consistent result of the convergence period without

Improving the understanding of changes in the mean and variability of climate variables as well as their interrelation is crucial for reliable climate change projections. Comparisons between general circulation models and paleoclimate archives using indirect proxies for temperature or precipitation have been used to test and validate the capability of climate models to represent climate changes. The

Abstract. The major droughts and floods in the Hanjiang River basin have a significant impact on the flood prevention and control in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and water resources management in the areas of the South-North Water Diversion Middle Line Project of China. However, there is a lack of understanding of the multi-decadal to century-scale patterns of droughts and floods in the

Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key active trace gas in the atmosphere, which contributes to form “bad” ozone (O3) in the troposphere and to the destruction of “good” O3 in the stratosphere. In this study, we present the NO retrieval from ground-based Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption spectrometry measurements at a polluted site (Xianghe, China) and a background site (Maïdo, Reunion

ABSTRACT Biological soil crusts (BSCs) monitored over a 25-year period enhance the dissolution of the Ca-silicate plagioclase and the Mg-silicate olivine at Sonoran Desert and Colorado Plateau, USA, study sites. This first measured biological enhancement of weathering (BEW) for plagioclase is a mean of 2.3±0.4 and 3.0±0.4 for the Organic Pipe, Arizona and Moab, Utah study sites; and it is 4.9±0.8 and

ABSTRACT Treatment of the textile effluent becomes complex due to the high color, organic load, dissolved solids content, and toxicity of the textile effluents. An optimized pre-ozonation treatment has been proposed, aimed at the maximum color and organics removal leading to possible resource recovery at the field-scale. The standalone ozonation at optimum conditions of pH, salinity, and dye concentration

ABSTRACT The present work aimed at the effectiveness of ozonated water in the control of Listeria monocytogenes, adopting different combinations of pH, contact time, and storage time under refrigeration. To obtain ozonated water, the dose applied was 21 mg L−1 min−1, for 15 min. Samples of 1.0 L of water were ozonated at the inlet ozone concentration of 21 mg L−1 and a flow rate of 1.0 L min−1. The

As the horizontal grid spacing decreases, treatment of hydrologic processes in land surface models, such as the lateral flow of surface and subsurface flow, need to be explicitly represented. Unlike previous studies that mainly focused on the mountainous regions, in this study the offline WRF‐Hydro model is employed to study the impact of lateral flow on soil moisture and energy fluxes over the relatively

Nitrogen oxides produced by lightning (LNOx) play an important role in determining mid‐ and upper‐tropospheric concentrations of the hydroxyl radical (OH), methane (CH4), and ozone (O3). The moles of NOx produced per flash was examined using nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns and cloud properties from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and flash counts from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper

The absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) describes the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols. AAE is typically used to differentiate between different aerosol types e.g., black carbon, brown carbon and dust particles. In this study, the variation of AAE was investigated mainly in fresh aerosol emissions from different fuel and combustion types, including emissions from ships, buses, coal‐fired

The cloud liquid/ice water path (LWP/IWP) can provide valuable information about the cloud and precipitation. For the first time, the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) system is applied to examine the impact of the high spatial and temporal resolution LWP and IWP products derived from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on the new generation geostationary environmental satellites (GOES‐R series)

North Atlantic tropical and post‐tropical cyclones impact midlatitude regions, but the inhomogeneous observational record of the latter stages of tropical cyclones precludes many climatological analyses. The frequency of tropical‐origin storms basin‐wide is projected to increase under anthropogenic climate change, so establishing confidence in our knowledge of their historical variability and lifecycles—against

In this work, we describe the compilation and homogenization of an extensive data set of aerosol iodine field observations in the period between 1963 and 2018 and we discuss its spatial and temporal dependences by comparison with CAM‐Chem model simulations. A close to linear relationship between soluble and total iodine in aerosol is found (∼80% aerosol iodine is soluble), which enables converting

The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been found to be closely related to dust aerosol activities in many parts of the world. However, previous studies have rarely explored the ENSO’s impacts in the global context. In this study, the responses of the interannual variability of global atmospheric dust content to the ENSO cycle (including the eastern Pacific and central Pacific types) are examined

ERA5 reanalysis data shows significant correlation between Siberian snow depth in March and following Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). Whilst the Siberian snow depth is negatively correlated with seasonal monsoon rainfall over most of India, it is positively correlated with the monsoon rain over north‐east Indian regions. This relationship has significantly strengthened during the past 2 decades

In this study, we collected gas, particulate, and surface water‐dissolved phase samples from 16 sites in the South China Sea from March 21 to April 12, 2018. Thereafter, all the samples were analyzed for the air‐water exchange and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Thus, it was observed that the overall PAH concentrations in the water and gas phases were 8.0 ± 5.5 ng/L