Many hierarchical schemes have been developed to describe multiple-scale cut-and-fill architecture of deep-water channel systems and analyse their evolution. A widely applicable genetical-based scheme is not on the horizon yet. Near seismic-scale exposures of two deep-water channel systems from the late Miocene of the Transylvanian Basin, Romania offer a fresh insight into the dynamics of erosional

The preservation of calcium carbonate deposits on the seafloor is one of the factors that regulates Earth's carbon cycle over longer timescales. Fluctuations in the carbonate compensation depth (CCD), the depth below which calcium carbonate is completely dissolved, can therefore significantly alter the ocean's capacity to sequester or release atmospheric carbon. High-latitude deep oceans are particularly

State-of-the-art climate models project droughts of stronger intensity and longer persistence in many arid and semi-arid regions such as northern Patagonia, which constitutes a serious concern worldwide. Moisture availability has a significant influence on the dynamic, stability and function of terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we used wood samples from 260 Austrocedrus chilensis trees growing

A common feature of tectonic reconstructions is the migration of subduction zones and their interactions, resulting in complex tectonic patterns. Reduced migration rates, uplift, strong rotations, and slab break-off are all tectonics features commonly associated with convergent margin interactions, showing that while subduction zones' motions fundamentally shape tectonics settings, their interactions

The thermophilic bivalve Mytilus spp. complex has re-appeared in the high Arctic in Svalbard after a thousand years, with the first recent indication of its appearance in 2002 at the mouth of Isfjorden on the west coast. We examine its genetic affinity to selected North Atlantic populations and the modes of spread that may be responsible for its recent re-colonisation. We record here its distribution

Ocean-atmosphere simulations corroborate the relationship between tropical Atlantic subsurface heat and salt storage driven by Salinity Maximum Water (SMW) and deglacial perturbations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Whether AMOC variability of the last glacial cycle affected SMW export into the tropical West Atlantic remained yet elusive. In order to assess the sensitivity

Core MD99-2323 was extracted from the Snorri Drift at a water depth of 1062 m, just south of the Denmark Strait, and ~120 km from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) margins of the Iceland and East Greenland Ice Sheets. The core chronology (~7.5 to 240 cal ka) is derived from radiocarbon dates, marker tephra, paleomagnetic excursion, and correlation with North Atlantic δ18O records on Neogloboquadrina pachyderma

Understanding the interplay of sedimentation and deformation style is essential to develop an adequate model of the evolutionary history of an extensional sedimentary basin. Due to their volume and temporal extent, late post-rift deposits are often in the focus of research; however, early post-rift deposits are less studied. The aim of the study is to reconstruct the tectono-sedimentary evolution of

Disjunct clades between the southern and the tropical Andes represent a biogeographical pattern that has not been studied. One of the plant groups showing this disjunction is the clade formed by the genera Archidasyphyllum, Arnaldoa and Fulcaldea (Asteraceae, Barnadesioideae). Archidasyphyllum is distributed in central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina and is sister to the latter two, which

Earth's climate is warming and will continue to warm as the century progresses. High mountains and high latitudes are experiencing the greatest warming of all regions on Earth and also are some of the most sensitive areas to climate change, in part because ecosystems and natural processes in these areas are intimately linked to the cryosphere. Evidence is mounting that warming will further reduce permafrost

Climate warming is reshaping the surface water system of the world's polar regions. It results in accelerated glacial retreat and melting, lake expansion, and runoff increasing on the Third Pole of the earth (Tibetan Plateau, TP), triggering massive changes in fluvial geomorphology and in the hydrological connections of rivers and lakes. Here we document a reorganization of the endorheic basins (the

The biotic recovery following the Permian/Triassic boundary mass extinction was influenced by several secondary extinctions during the Early Triassic, of which the late Smithian crisis is the most severe known for some nekto-pelagic organisms such as ammonoids. The Smithian-Spathian transition is characterized by successive global biotic and environmental changes, including a dramatic positive carbon

Within-plate migration of alkaline basaltic centers is generally related to translation of the lithosphere with a hot spot above a largely stationary mantle plume. Here, we report, for the first time, a hitherto unrecognized migration of small-sized Late Miocene to Early Quaternary alkali-basaltic volcanic centers at the transition from Eastern Alps to Pannonian Basin. The volcanic centers migrated

Rapid basin subsidence can cause the stacking of all strata deposited within a third-order eustatic cycle in a backstepping pattern. However, such extreme changes in stratal stacking patterns remain unexplored due to the lack of case studies. In this study, we first introduce the concept of sequence-stratigraphic dynamics based on previous achievements, and investigate the normal variations of genetic

The evolution of the East Asian monsoon (EAM) in the geologic time is of great importance to our understanding of the global climate system. However, variations in the monsoon rainfall and the upper ocean thermal gradient are not well understood in the South China Sea (SCS) during the middle to late Miocene. Here, we present δ18O and Mg/Ca-derived temperature records of the surface and subsurface waters

The reconstruction of past ice sheet extents and dynamics in polar regions is essential for understanding the global climate system and obtaining more reliable predictions of future climate change. Here, we present a multi-proxy dataset integrating the Nd isotopic compositions (εNd) of paired detrital and authigenic Fe oxide fractions, grain size distributions, organic geochemistry, and mineral assemblages

The knowledge of past tropical cyclone (TC) activity is vital to understanding patterns of current and future TCs and how they will impact society, infrastructure, and the natural system. Various historical, biological, and geological proxies are commonly used to reconstruct TC behavior; however, these records vary significantly in their temporal resolution. Tree rings are known to provide high-resolution

The formation and deformation history of back-arc basins play a critical role in understanding the tectonics of plate interactions. Furthermore, opening of extensional back-arc basins during the overall convergence between Africa and Europe is a fundamental process in the overall tectonic evolution of the Mediterranean and adjacent areas. In this frame, Miocene tectonic evolution of the western Pannonian

Understanding how species diversify and evolve in species-rich areas like the lowland rain forest in the Neotropics is critical for conservation in times of unprecedented threats. To determine how the Andean uplift, the formation of the Panama land bridge, and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations affected dispersal and diversification in the Sapotaceae subfamily Chrysophylloideae, we collected 146 Chrysophylloideae

Strong floristic affinities indicate past ecosystem rearrangements that integrated northeast Brazil with the distant montane range of the Brazilian highlands, sustaining past plant migrations possibly due to climatic patterns. This palynological study of the marine core GL-1248 (0°55.2′S, 43°24.1′W) spans the past ~130-k years to reconstruct the montane rainforest dynamics with the predominant provenance

The net uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is changing the ocean's chemical state. Such changes, commonly known as ocean acidification, include a reduction in pH and the carbonate ion concentration ([CO32−]), which in turn lowers oceanic saturation states (Ω) for calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals. The Ω values for aragonite (Ωaragonite; one of the main CaCO3 minerals formed by marine

Three competing factors for late Quaternary fluvial incision in the Moyobamba piggyback basin, located in the northeastern Peruvian Subandes, were investigated, namely base-level change as a result of basin opening, changes in the ratio sediment load:discharge (Qs: Qw) controlled by orbital and suborbital climate cyclicity, and thrust-related tectonic uplift. To assess the relative importance of these

Large igneous province (LIP) volcanism has been proposed as a key trigger of several major climate and environmental perturbations during the Phanerozoic Aeon. Large-scale carbon emissions associated with one or both of magmatic degassing from the Greater Ontong-Java Plateau (G-OJP) and intrusion of organic-rich sediments by High Arctic LIP (HALIP) sills have been widely suggested as the trigger of

Combustion-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently used as molecular proxies for wildfire in recent and ancient sediments. Here, we document the abundances of four hydrocarbon compounds, i.e., phenanthrene (Phe), benzo[e]pyrene (BeP), benzo[ghi]perylene (Bpery), and coronene (Cor), across the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) in five marine sections of South China. High values

The exhumation mechanism of orogens showing one structural vergence, or single-sided orogens, is still not fully understood due to their common transition from periods of high convergence to slab retreat. The overprinting of inherited nappe stacks by subsequent back-arc extension makes it difficult to assess the low amounts of contractional exhumation observed, which are furthermore difficult to interpret

The end Permian mass extinction event is one of the most severe biotic crisis of the Phanerozoic. The trigger of this event has been widely linked to massive volcanic activity associated with the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province through the application of multiple geochronological (e.g., UPb and ArAr dating) and geochemical proxies (e.g., C, Hg, Zn, Os, etc.). Of these proxies, a few osmium (187Os/188Os)

The Teočak section in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sava-Vardar Zone) composed of the Upper Permian Bellerophon Formation and the Lower Triassic “Werfen Formation” was studied sedimentologically and micropaleontologically by using foraminifers and conodonts. The Bellerophon Formation was deposited in a shallow subtidal lagoon rich in biota characterized by typical Changsingian foraminiferal species. Deposition

Previous modelling efforts have investigated climate responses to different Milankovitch forcing during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 13. During this time the climate has been highly variable at atmospheric CO2 concentrations of ∼240 ppm. As yet, ice sheet-climate feedbacks were missing in previous studies. Therefore we use the state-of-the-art coupled climate-ice sheet model, AWI-ESM-1.2, to investigate

The Japan Sea is ideal for investigating deep water formation due to its unique topography and hydrography. However, because of the scarcity of reliable indicator and high-resolution ventilation records, the driving mechanisms behind ventilation changes in the entire Japan Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remain elusive. In this study, we analyze the radiolarian assemblage in three sediment

Skeletal–microbial–cement reefs are a triple hybrid carbonate that mainly formed during the Pennsylvanian to Mid-Triassic, when a marked increase in microbial carbonate formation coincided with extensive precipitation of crystalline crusts on the seafloor. We report a new type of reef-building association from Middle–Upper Ordovician strata of western North China, in which erect thin tubes of tetradiids

It has been argued that the beginning of significant pelagic calcification could have been linked to the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE), a climate change in the Late Triassic (~234–232 Ma) that was marked by C-cycle disruption and global warming. Nevertheless, abundant calcareous nannofossils have been described so far only in post-CPE rocks, and therefore no conclusive hypotheses can be drawn on possible

Tree-ring width chronologies are a critically important material to reconstruct past precipitation variability on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NTP). However, temperature signals are often encoded in these chronologies, which complicate the precipitation reconstructions and should be carefully assessed. Here, a dataset of 487 Qilian juniper (Juniperus przewalskii Kom.) tree-ring width series from

Reconstructing the Cenozoic sedimentary history of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is significant for understanding the evolutionary history of South Asian river systems and the links between river development, tectonic deformation and global climate change. Here, we present the first long-term clay mineral record combined with Sr-Nd isotopic compositions from a 200-m-long sediment core from Ocean Drilling

The Middle Triassic is thought to have had a greenhouse paleoclimate with a few short humid phases. However, the timing of these humid events, and the extent to which orbital forcing influenced the evolution of climate, are unclear. Here, a cyclostratigraphic analysis has been carried out based on the integrated study of magnetic susceptibility, elemental chemistry and lithofacies from two shallow-marine

Ecosystems are defined by the community of living organisms and how they interact together and with their environment. Insects and plants are key taxa in terrestrial ecosystems and their network determines the trophic structure of the environment. However, what drives the interactions between plants and insects in modern and fossil ecosystems is not well understood. In this study, we analyzed insect

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Pacific exert a great influence on global climate and ecosystem changes. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is the leading mode of decadal SST variability in the North Pacific. The PDO-like variability at a millennial timescale during the Holocene is still poorly understood. In this study, the millennial-scale PDO-like variability during the Holocene

We present a new method to incorporate paleo-surface temperature effects in steady state 3D conductive temperature models. The workflow approximates the transient effects and incorporates these into steady state models, using appropriate source and sink terms for radiogenic heat production. This allows for rapid models, which can be easily used in ensemble approaches for data assimilation of high-resolution

We compared the sedimentary provenance signature of modern river sediments collected from 14 different rivers entering the Pannonian Basin. The Pannonian Basin is one of the largest sedimentary basins of Europe filled up by multiple potential sediment sources. However, the contribution of individual source areas is unknown and complex basin-fill mixtures can only be disentangled by the knowledge of

Recent studies have shown that the global mean sea level (GMSL) is accelerating. For improved process understanding and sea level projections, it is crucial to precisely estimate the GMSL acceleration due to externally-forced global climate change. For that purpose, the internal climate variability-related signal of the GMSL needs to be removed from the GMSL record. In the present study, we estimate

In eastern boreal Canada, variability in river discharge is poorly understood at the multi-century scale due to short instrumental records. In recent decades, increased magnitude and frequency of spring floods have raised concerns about the potential effects of climate change on flood risk. Unlike tree-ring width, flood rings have a demonstrated dendrochronological utility for reconstructing high discharge

The Dachstein platform was an extensive carbonate platform developed on the westernmost shelf of the Neotethys during the Late Triassic, now preserved in various tectonic units disrupted during the Alpine orogeny. Despite being the focus of a multitude of sedimentological, paleontological and other studies, the demise of this platform remains controversial, with contrasting views on the timing and

Distinct stages of deformation and fluid flow-related diagenetic alterations are recorded in Lower Miocene sandstone and conglomerate of the Pannonian Basin, Central Europe. Multiple generations of structural elements (deformation bands, calcite dominoes and veins) as well as host rocks were investigated using petrographical, elemental and stable isotope geochemical methods together with fluid inclusion

Rapid sea-ice loss and warming of the Arctic within the past few decades have contributed to changes in the strength and location of midlatitude jet streams. Using ERA-Interim data for the period 1979–2018, warming of the Arctic compared to midlatitudes and its impact on the waviness and strength of the westerly jet stream over West Asia are investigated. Pre- and post-Arctic amplification periods

The long-term change in the sea surface temperature (SST) of the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) and the underlying mechanisms are examined in detail by analysing multiple reanalysis datasets and historical simulations of a global climate model. A robust basin-wide warming signal was found in SST, with the highest long-term warming trend (~0.09 ± 0.015 °C decade−1) seen over the north-western and equatorial

The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary interval is an important time interval for deep-time paleoclimatic research, and most records of this interval are derived from marine sections. In this study, we conduct high-resolution magnetic and geochemical analyses in a terrestrial sedimentary succession from the Nanxiong Basin (Southeast China). We combine this data with previous work to compare these

Terrestrial palaeo-temperature data are of great value in improving our understanding of past climate and they provide a basis for evaluating climate simulations. Such data are, however, poorly constrained for long time-scales. In addition to the scarcity of high-quality continuous time-series, finding proxies with a clear response to past temperature changes and developing appropriate reconstruction

Epicontinental seas were important features of the paleogeographic landscape during the Cretaceous; however, the role they played as sinks of organic carbon is still poorly understood. The La Luna Formation (Albian-Coniacian) is a series of organic-rich limestones deposited in northwestern South America on an epicontinental sea (the La Luna Sea). This formation offers a forty-million-year continuous

The latest Katian (Late Ordovician) is marked by the third biodiversity climax of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) prior to the Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME). In this study, the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) is used to determine the paleoenvironmental change recorded in the Arisu Member, the Siltstone Member, and the Sandstone Member of the Terekawat (= Tierekeawati)

The Earth's surface magnetic field and its secular variation (SV) are composed of several constituents, at sub-centennial (60–90 years) and inter-decadal (20–30 years) timescales, of internal origin, and at decadal (~11 years) timescale, of external origin, superimposed on a so-called inter-centennial constituent (timescale of about 400 years or larger). In this study we explore the appearance, structure

Microbialites undergo a well – documented resurgence following the Permian – Triassic mass extinction. This comeback has been attributed to several causes, including the emptying of Early Triassic ecosystems by the severity of the extinction, a decline in burrowing activity and intensity, and the unusual chemistry of Early Triassic oceans. A laterally – continuous stromatolite horizon found within

In recent decades, the world has been suffering from a severe crisis of land degradation. To combat this, a scientific understanding of global land degradation processes based on empirical evidence is needed. However, a complete study of how the global land degradation processes operate within complex biophysics and socioeconomics is lacking. Depending on the latest Normalized Difference Vegetation

The Congo basin (CB) occupies a large part of the Congo craton, which derived from the amalgamation of different cratonic pieces. As intracratonic basin, it initiated, possibly as a failed rift, in late Mesoproterozoic and evolved during the Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic in an intraplate setting. For this reason, the CB can be considered a natural laboratory for investigating the processes that govern

Decadal sea level variability of the Indian Ocean is studied using long-term tide gauge observations of 17 stations. The existence of close association between Indian Ocean sea level and the global decadal climate modes, such as Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and/or Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is revealed in most of the tide gauge data sets. An anti-phase sea level evolution with PDO

The large portion of Central and NW Europe was subjected to widespread continental rifting since the Carboniferous-Permian transition. This process led to nucleation of several large depocentres, coalescing from the late Permian onwards into the extensive Central European Basin System (CEBS), that grew and evolved until the regional-scale Late Cretaceous inversion. Development of deep grabens from

Global Climate Models project that observed climate trends are likely to be preserved and the number of extreme events will be increasing during the rest of the 21st century, which may have a detrimental impact on forest ecosystems. These impacts may include forest decline and widespread dieback of the most vulnerable biomes, such as the Mediterranean Forest of Central Chile (MFCC). Nothofagus macrocarpa