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Relationships between African landforms, regolith materials, and Cenozoic climate change: Implications for sedimentary source-to-sink systems Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-06-13 Dominique Chardon, Benjamin Sawadogo, Ousmane Bamba
This review of landform-regolith associations at a reference locality in Burkina Faso decodes the 50-million-year long paleoclimatic imprint on the African landscape. Stepwise morpho-pedogenesis formed a sequence of landform-regolith associations, offering insights into surface evolution processes at successive landscape stages. The landscape evolved in response to wet-to-dry climatic transitions at
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Stable zinc isotopes as tracers in environmental geochemistry Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-06-11 Yiren Duan, Zhengrong Wang, Wenxian Gou, Zhao Wang, Qingguang Li, Wei Li
Zinc (Zn) is both an essential micronutrient and a common environmental contaminant. Addressing global Zn deficiency and pollution requires effective tools to track its biogeochemical pathways. Zn stable isotopes have become valuable tracers for identifying Zn sources, cycling processes, and anthropogenic impacts across different environmental systems. This review provides a comprehensive survey of
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Relation between sediment distribution and halokinetic geometries along salt structures: a review and new insights from field studies Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-06-09 Amir Kalifi, Charlotte Ribes
Sediment distribution and stratigraphic traps in salt-controlled minibasins are important targets for the hydrocarbon industry and for gas storage projects (i.e. carbon and green hydrogen). However, predicting sediment dispersal patterns along salt structures remains a significant challenge. Based on a compilation of relevant outcrop analogs of salt-controlled sedimentary successions (Sivas basin,
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Carbon sequestration in mangrove ecosystems: Sources, transportation pathways, influencing factors, and its role in the carbon budget Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-06-05 Shafiqa Ali, Gobinda Dey, Nguyen Hoang Kim Nuong, Abdur Rahman, Liang-Chi Wang, Uttara Sukul, Koyeli Das, Raju Kumar Sharma, Shan-Li Wang, Chien Yen Chen
Global efforts to mitigate climate change emphasize the critical need to reduce atmospheric CO₂ levels and enhance carbon sinks. Mangrove ecosystems, renowned for their substantial carbon sequestration capacity, play a vital role in sequestering significant amounts of carbon. This review explores carbon fluxes in mangrove ecosystems, emphasizing autochthonous and allochthonous carbon sequestration
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Metamorphic evolution of Mesozoic microcontinent suture zones in the Tibet region Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-28 Wei Dan, Xiu-Zheng Zhang, Yi-Xiang Chen, Gong-Jian Tang, Qiang Wang, Yong-Fei Zheng
Microcontinent suture zones were generated by continental collision. However, collisional orogens often exhibit a series of metamorphic products with variable mineral assemblages. It is intriguing how crustal rocks at continental margins were metamorphosed at different geothermal gradients. In this study, we present a synthesis of metamorphic pressure (P), temperature (T) and time (t), as well as the
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Atmospheric aging effects on aerosol ice nucleation Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-27 Ziye Huang, Wei Hu, Jie Chen, Jialei Zhu, Zhijun Wu, Yue Zhang, Pingqing Fu
Atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs) play a crucial role in the climate system of the Earth, with their physicochemical properties strongly impacting their ice-nucleating activities (INA). These physicochemical properties of INPs can be profoundly altered by atmospheric aging processes. This article summarizes previous laboratory studies and field observations discussing the variation of INA
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From single batholith to global detrital zircon archive: Earth dynamics as seen from zircon Eu anomalies Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-27 Omar Bartoli, Bruna B. Carvalho
Due to the continuous reworking of the continental crust and the limited rock record associated with the early Earth, the long-term evolution of the Earth's continental crust is mostly studied using the physically- and chemically-resistant mineral zircon. In particular, the europium anomaly [Eu/Eu* = EuN/(SmN x GdN)0.5; where the subscript N denotes chondrite-normalized] of detrital zircon populations
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Marine ostracod faunas through the Late Devonian extinction events. Part II: the Hangenberg event Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-26 Elvis Guillam, Marie-Béatrice Forel
This work is the second part of a two-part study evaluating the changes in ostracod communities throughout the two Late Devonian biological crises (Kellwasser and Hangenberg events). The Hangenberg event was the most intense extinction of the Famennian, Late Devonian. It is sometimes considered as equivalent to the Kellwasser event at the Frasnian-Famennian transition, which is one of the Big Five
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Soil bulk density and porosity connecting macro- and micro-scales through geometry. Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-25 D.A. Robinson, S.P. Friedman, A. Thomas, D. Hirmas, P.L. Sullivan, A. Nemes
Soil bulk density (BD) is a macroscopic indicator frequently used to infer the soils' pore system, a fundamental attribute of terrestrial environments that significantly affects processes such as infiltration, water retention and plant root development. Additionally, BD is essential for assessing the storage of various materials in soils and sediments, including carbon and nutrients. High bulk density
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Trace elements in soils of the Antarctic ice-free areas: Insights on natural geochemical values, anthropogenic impact and possible remobilisation upon permafrost thaw Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-23 Henrique Zilhão, Rute Cesário, Gonçalo Vieira, João Canário
Climate change is transforming the ice-free areas of Antarctica, leading to rapid changes in terrestrial ecosystems. These areas represent <0.5% of the continent and coincide with the most anthropogenically pressured sites, where the human footprint is a source of contamination. Simultaneously, these are the locations where permafrost can be found, not being clear what might be the consequences following
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Foundational uncertainties in terminal Ediacaran chronostratigraphy revealed by high-precision zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Nama Group, Namibia Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-23 Fred T. Bowyer, Fabio Messori, Rachel Wood, Ulf Linnemann, Esther Rojo-Perez, Mandy Zieger-Hofmann, Johannes Zieger, Junias Ndeunyema, Martin Shipanga, Bontle Mataboge, Dan Condon, Catherine V. Rose, Collen-Issia Uahengo, Sean P. Gaynor, Inigo A. Müller, Gerd Geyer, Torsten Vennemann, Joshua H.F.L. Davies, Maria Ovtcharova
The Nama Group of southern Namibia and northwestern South Africa hosts the best-dated mixed carbonate-siliciclastic foreland basin succession of the terminal Ediacaran [ca. 551 million years (Ma) ago to <538 Ma] and is key for resolving the chronology of early metazoan evolution. Numerous silicified volcanic tuff interbeds are present, but differing interpretations regarding the fidelity of their ages
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Insights from dynamics, mechanisms, factors and mitigation strategies of salt precipitation for CO2 geo-storage within saline aquifer Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-23 Bo Wang, Yuanhao Chang, Rui Ma, Xiangzeng Wang, Hongyang Wang, Fanhua Zeng
CO2 geo-storage in saline aquifers offers significant potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, salt precipitation resulting from mineral crystallization during gas-liquid percolation affects CO2 injectivity and storage efficiency. This review synthesizes recent field data, experiments, numerical simulations, and theoretical studies to identify knowledge gaps and improve understanding
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Degassing of deep fluids in the Pannonian basin and adjacent areas Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-22 Paolo Randazzo, Alessandro Aiuppa, Staša Borović, Dario Buttitta, Carlo Cardellini, Giovanni Chiodini, Artur Ionescu, Giancarlo Tamburello, Antonio Caracausi
The Pannonian Basin (PB), in Central-Eastern Europe, is a continental area characterized by widespread presence of natural resources, high heat fluxes and outgassing of deep-sourced fluids (i.e. mantle-magma and/or crustal-derived). Moreover, the region is interested by ascent of the asthenosphere and a thin lithosphere (≈75 km). Here, we review 40 years of geochemical studies on natural gas emissions
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Shoreface nourishments: Research advances and future perspectives Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-16 J.J. van der Werf, B.J.A. Huisman, T.D. Price, B.E. Larsen, M.A. de Schipper, B.C. McFall, D.R. Krafft, Q.J. Lodder, B.G. Ruessink
Shoreface nourishments have become a popular management option to mitigate coastal retreat for sites with abundant sand supplies. With shoreface nourishments, relatively large volumes of off-site sand are placed under water in typical water depths of 4–10 m. This part of the nearshore zone has a high bed level variability and contains a myriad of (rhythmic) morphological features. As a result, understanding
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Mid-ocean ridge jumps: Impacts, classification, and mechanisms Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-15 Huixin Guan, Min Xu, Minghui Zhao, Wenxin Xie, Yujie Quan, Eric Lee Mittelstaedt, Sanzhong Li, Jason Phipps Morgan
Mid-ocean ridge jumps (RJs) are key reorganization events in mid-ocean ridge (MOR) systems when a MOR segment shifts to a neighboring location, leaving the old segment inactive. Despite their global significance, current research predominantly concentrates on individual RJs or large jumps, lacking a systematic examination of RJ events. While many studies emphasize hotspot-ridge interactions as a primary
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Tectonics vs eustasy: The oceanic container and its contents Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-15 Bilal U. Haq, Sierd Cloetingh
Sea-level change over Earth's history reflects the interplay of water volume and the ever-shifting architecture of ocean basins. While short-term fluctuations (103–105 yr) often trace the advance and retreat of glaciers and ice caps, multi-million-year trends (107–109 yr) arise from deep-Earth processes – seafloor spreading, subduction, intraplate deformation, mantle plume upwelling, and the emplacement
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Applications of light hydrocarbons in petroleum geochemistry:A review Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-15 Donglin Zhang, Meijun Li, Rongzhen Qiao
Light hydrocarbons are key components of petroleum and contain a wealth of geochemical information. This review provides a comprehensive summary and comments on the research that has been carried out on light hydrocarbons over the past 50 years. It evaluates the applicability and reliability of the various parameters and diagrams that relate to the light hydrocarbons in petroleum from basins worldwide
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Cenozoic paleoecological evolution of NE Tibet: A review of magnetostratigraphically-constrained mammal records Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-14 Zhantao Feng, Weilin Zhang, Xiaomin Fang, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Maodu Yan, Bastien Mennecart, Sirui Zhang, Tao Zhang, Jinbo Zan, Chunhui Song
The northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) is an ideal laboratory for investigating the interplay between tectonics, climate and biotic evolution. Cenozoic sedimentary basins in this region have recorded ecological shifts linked to the evolution from a wetter monsoonal to an arid climate, in response to the formation of the Tibetan Plateau and to global climate variations. Through decades of intense investigations
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Provenance of Cretaceous-Miocene sediments in Borneo: Implications for paleogeographic patterns and tectonic evolution Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-13 Zuofei Zhu, Yi Yan, Qi Zhao, Yildirim Dilek, Andrew Carter, Meor H. Amir Hassan, Wei Yan, Pibo Su, Yang Zhou
Cretaceous-Miocene sedimentary rocks of northern Borneo contain a record of sediment routing linked to subduction of the paleo-Pacific and closure of the proto-South China Sea. How the sediment routing system responded to these changes continues to be debated, hindered by limited datasets. New Sr isotope data, combined with previous geochemical and chronological data, to determine the provenance of
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The early Triassic time scale: New constraints from the Nanpanjiang Basin in South China and a review of geochronological, biostratigraphical and carbon isotope data Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-12 Marc Leu, André Navin Paul, Hugo Bucher, Philipp Widmann, Zoneibe Luz, Torsten Vennemann, Urs Schaltegger
Following the Permian-Triassic Boundary mass extinction (PTBME), the Early Triassic biotic recovery witnessed several failed recoveries of the nekton and marked changes in the ecological associations of terrestrial plants during its 5 my time span. This period is characterized by a series of profound fluctuations of the global carbon cycle, associated with changes in global climate and closely related
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Multi-stage differential exhumation of the West Junggar and adjacent regions, NW China, revealed by regional low-temperature thermochronology Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-09 Yamei Wang, Jiyuan Yin, Wenjiao Xiao, Stuart N. Thomson, Tao Wang, Yannan Wang, Zhiyuan He, Wen Chen, Keda Cai, Fucheng Tan, Johan De Grave
The West Junggar, a key segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, lies between the ranges of the Tianshan and Altai Orogenic Belts, providing an opportunity to investigate the complexities of an orogenic system that records long-term intracontinental deformation. Although the West Junggar Orogenic Belt has been reactivated multiple times since the late Paleozoic, the timing and driving forces behind
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Reorganization of antecedent rivers in response to the evolving landscape at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-08 Baotian Pan, Zijuan Dong, Zhenbo Hu, David Bridgland, Qinhong Mo, Xiaohua Li, Menghao Li, Yanan Yang, Meiling Zhong, Renzhe Pan
Drainage reorganization is generally associated with the coupling of crustal movements and climatic influences, although, in terms of landscape evolution, the responses of river systems to these competing roles remain elusive. Here, we focus on patterns of drainage reorganization in relation to rivers interacting with uplifting mountains, aiming to establish processes and patterns of drainage reorganization
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Restoration of buried organic carbon for catagenesis-affected rocks using Rock-Eval thermal analysis: Assumptions, performance, and uncertainty analysis Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-05-06 Qianyou Wang, Yaohua Li, Hamed Sanei, Arka Rudra, Ming Yuan, Yang Wang, Yizhou Huang, Richard H. Worden
Total organic carbon (TOC) content, a classic indicator of rock organic richness, is widely used in geological archives for paleoenvironmental interpretation and petroleum system modeling. However, organic carbon (OC) undergoes significant alteration and loss upon burial, rendering present-day TOC measurements inadequate for reflecting original OC levels. Many approaches have been developed to restore
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Examining uncertainties in major-ion reconstructions of seawater from halite fluid inclusions Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-29 Clara L. Blättler
Fluid inclusions of evaporitic brines within halite deposits are one of our most valuable records for reconstructing seawater composition over geological timescales. They have been used to generate estimates of major element and even some trace element concentrations in seawater over time; these reconstructions are widely used as constraints for a variety of applications. The uncertainties in this
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Deciphering Paleogene platforms from a “Lost Domain” in the Western Neo-Tethys Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-29 Manuel Martín-Martín, Francesco Guerrera, Sabiha Talmat
According to classical literature, two Paleogene platforms developed along the northern and southern margins of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Similar platforms have been recognized on the southern margin of a “lost domain” consisting of an independent microplate known as the “Mesomediterranean Microplate” (MM) in the westernmost Neo-Tethys Ocean. This microplate underwent tectonic dismantling and drifting
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Role of mineral-forming bacteria in mangrove rhizosphere in enhancing coastal soil stability, carbon sequestration, and heavy metals removal Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-29 Afrah Siddique, Zulfa Al Disi, Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti, Nabil Zouari
Mangrove forests are found in intertidal zones of tropical and subtropical regions, playing crucial roles in coastal protection. They serve as natural buffers against wave dynamics, effectively mitigating coastal erosion. Despite covering a small fraction of coastal areas, mangrove forests sequester more carbon dioxide compared to terrestrial vegetation. However, they face significant pressures from
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Soil Taxonomy adapted to buried paleosols: First approximation Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-29 Lee Nordt, Gary Stinchcomb, Paul McCarthy, Steven Driese
Buried paleosols are important reservoirs of paleoenvironmental information, yet there is no unified system to taxonomicallyclassify them on geological timescales. Here we present the first approximation of a soil-paleosol taxonomy modified from properties in the Soil Taxonomy thatcan be reasonably and reliably described, measured, and interpreted. The rationale for this approach follows theconcept
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Thrust and nappe tectonics in orogenic settings – A historical review Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-27 Seyed Tohid Nabavi, Haakon Fossen
Thrust systems are important components of orogenic belts as they reflect the dynamics of thrust belt evolution and record information about crustal shortening processes in accretionary prisms. The current knowledge on this subject is the result of three centuries of research. Here, we review the evolution of thrust systems and related mountain-building processes from early field-based observations
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Microbial ecology in hypersaline coastal lagoons: A model for climate-induced coastal salinisation and eutrophication Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-26 Christopher Keneally, Virginie Gaget, Daniel Chilton, Stephen P. Kidd, Luke Mosley, David T. Welsh, Yongqiang Zhou, Lei Zhou, Justin Brookes
Coastal lagoons are critical ecosystems providing essential habitats and ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, and fisheries support. Yet, many coastal lagoons face growing threats from salinisation and eutrophication driven by climate change and human activities. Climate-induced salinisation arises from multiple factors, including elevated temperatures, enhanced evaporation
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Are geological description practices and classification schemes fit for future use? Breccias as an example Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-25 Stephanie Flude, Clare E. Bond, Robert W.H. Butler
Is peer-reviewed geoscience research literature, with its extensive quantitative, semi-quantitative, and qualitative information, fit for use for artificial intelligence (AI) applications – both as potential training datasets for machine learning, and as a tool to help researchers keep up to date with the latest research? We address this question by examining data collection and reporting philosophies
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Carbon capture and storage via enhanced carbonate weathering coupled with aquatic photosynthesis: Potential, cost, and advantages Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-25 Liangxing Shi, Sibo Zeng, Zaihua Liu, Haibo He, Mingyu Shao, Min Zhao, Yuhao Zhao
The application of crushed rock powders to terrestrial or marine ecosystems (termed enhanced rock weathering, ERW) is regarded as an effective carbon dioxide removal (CDR) mechanism for mitigating ongoing climate change. As a potential ERW material, carbonate is characterized by rapid dissolution kinetics and is environmentally friendly. However, the CDR potential, cost, and effectiveness of carbonate-based
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Understanding sedimentary processes in the uphill catchment of Source-to Sink-Systems: An example from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (NE Colombia) Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-24 L. Caracciolo, D. Hatzenbühler, D. Chew, G.J. Weltje, S. Liedel, P. Vermeesch, A. Piraquive, M. Regelous, K. Lünsdorf, N. Villamizar-Escalante
The character of sediments generated in the uphill catchments is markedly variable and exert a primary control on the sediment cascade and the evolution of source-to-sink systems. Understanding these processes is therefore critical to better understand how these systems function in both modern and deep-time settigns. This study aims to understand and quantify the processes regulating sediment generation
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A review of storms and marine coastal flooding in the Baltic Sea – Insights from instrumental, historical and sedimentary record Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-13 K. Leszczyńska, H. Alexanderson, L.B. Clemmensen, A. Giza, S. Lorenz, D. Moskalewicz, P. Oliński, D. Paprotny, A. Rosentau, A. Rutgersson, K. Stattegger, W. Szczuciński, P. Terefenko, G. Uścinowicz, S. Uścinowicz, T. Wolski
This paper reviews the state of knowledge on past and present storms and marine coastal flooding (MCF) events of various origins within the Baltic Sea, which is an economically and environmentally important part of northwestern Europe. We show that the combination of sedimentary, historical and instrumental records provides the most comprehensive insight into the history of storms and MCF. The frequency
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Revisiting the Dom Feliciano Belt and surrounding areas – An integrated geophysical and isotope geology approach Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-13 C.D. Teixeira, T.J. Girelli, H. Serratt, F. Chemale Jr.
The reconstruction of orogenic terranes across conjugate margins separated by oceanic formation requires the integration of complementary geological records from both regions. A major challenge lies in the loss of geological evidence following orogenic events, particularly processes associated with later continental break-up, such as those in southwestern Gondwana. In southeastern Brazil, Uruguay,
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Stabilisation and destabilisation of coastal blue carbon: The key factors Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-09 Peter I. Macreadie, Anirban Akhand, Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett, Carlos M. Duarte, Jeff Baldock, Jennifer L. Bowen, Rod M. Connolly
Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), which include seagrass meadows, tidal marshes and mangrove and supratidal forests, hold large reservoirs of organic carbon. Despite the impact of BCEs as natural climate solutions, the mechanisms responsible for carbon retention have not been clearly summarised, limiting our chance to manage BCEs for maximum carbon storage. Here, we explore a great mystery of the blue
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Multi-scale, diverse origin inherited fabrics in rifts: A discussion through the lens of Cenozoic rifting in Thailand and comparison with other rift basins Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-09 Chris Morley, Sarawute Chantraprasert
Inherited fabrics in all rifts can be broadly viewed as affecting different scales of features in particular: regional rift location, rift mode, boundary faults and secondary faults. In rifts developed in relatively cold lithosphere (e.g. East African Rift) inherited fabrics are predominantly old (Precambrian), widely separated in time from rifting. Rift location is strongly linked to where lithospheric
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Spatial distribution and formation mechanisms of high‑iodine groundwater throughout China Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-08 Junxia Li, Shilin Zhao, Zhou Jiang, Xianjun Xie, Yamin Deng, Liang Shi, Andreas Kappler, Philippe Van Cappellen, Yanxin Wang
High‑iodine groundwater poses a severe threat to the health of millions of people worldwide, especially in China. Understanding iodine mobilization in aquifers is crucial for sustainable exploitation of groundwater resources. In this Review, we summarize the spatial distribution characteristics of high‑iodine groundwater across China, elucidate the sources and hosts of iodine, and discuss the hydrogeological
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First comparison of subsidence/uplift rates between Copernicus European Ground Motion Service data and long-term MIS 5.5 geological record in Mediterranean regions Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-05 Giovanni Luca Cardello, Giovanni Barreca, Carmelo Monaco, Marcello de Michele, Fabrizio Antonioli
The European Ground Motion Service (EGMS), a component of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service, offers a valuable tool for investigating vertical ground motion in coastal regions that are subject to different natural and anthropogenic processes. To conduct effective coastal assessments, it is essential to consider the multiscale interactions of these processes. This review presents a methodology
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Sulfur isotope (δ34S) stratigraphy of evaporites: Application to the UK Triassic Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-04-03 Jack Salisbury, Darren R. Gröcke, Tom McKie, H.D.R. Ashleigh Cheung, Robert Raine
Evaporite-prone, dryland continental basin-fills, such as the UK Triassic, lack abundant fossil control on their chronostratigraphy and tend to rely on other techniques, such as heavy mineral correlation and magnetostratigraphy, for correlation and age dating. Here we report on the novel use of evaporite-based sulfur isotope (δ34Sevap) profiles for the Sherwood Sandstone and Mercia Mudstone groups
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Fingerprints of necking domains at rifted margins: A review of the best-documented examples worldwide Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-31 Pauline Chenin, Gianreto Manatschal
During rifting, the continental crust is usually thinned from its initial thickness to ca. 10 km over only a few million years. The mechanisms of this so-called necking phase are incompletely understood, and yet they have major implications on the structural, thermal and isostatic evolution of rift systems. One major difficulty in studying the necking phase arises from its transient character in the
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Magmatic complexes of the Tekturmas Fold-and-Thrust Belt, Central Kazakhstan: An overview and new implications for the early Paleozoic evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-30 Inna Safonova, Alexandra Gurova, Alina Perfilova, Wenjiao Xiao, Pavel Kotler, Reimar Seltmann, Natalia Soloshenko, Alla Dolgopolova
The Tekturmas Fold-and-Thrust Belt (TFTB) is an important structure of the Kazakhstan Orocline in the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which formation is linked with the early-middle Paleozoic evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO). The TFTB includes accreted oceanic sediments and magmatic rocks, supra-subduction ophiolites and fore-arc and back-arc siliciclastic rocks of Cambrian to Silurian
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The 4.2 ka event in the Northern Hemisphere: Spatial heterogeneity and driving mechanisms of hydroclimatic change Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-29 Qi Nan, Shengqian Chen, Xiaokang Liu, Shuai Ma, Yuanhao Sun, Lingxin Huang, Jianhui Chen, Jürg Luterbacher, Michael E. Meadows, Fahu Chen
The 4.2 ka event (∼4300–3900 yr BP), marking the boundary of the middle-late Holocene and the onset of the Meghalayan stage, is traditionally associated with global megadroughts and significant social changes. However, debates continue with respect to its spatial distribution (worldwide versus regional), hydroclimatic change (drying versus wetting), and driving mechanism (North Atlantic versus Pacific
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Carbonate polymorph formation in microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP): Influencing factors, mechanisms, and knowledge gaps Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-28 Shiping Wei, Feirong Xiao, Hezheng Dong, Huijia Chen
Microbial mineralization of calcium carbonate is a significant geological and environmental process that provides insights into the evolution of life, ancient environments, and biogeochemical cycling of elements. This manuscript thoroughly examines the factors influencing the formation of different calcium carbonate polymorphs induced by bacteria and their implications in various engineering applications
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Bangong-Nujiang Neo-Tethyan Ocean (Central Tibet): Geodynamics, Crustal Evolution, Metallogeny, and Linkages to the “Yanshan Movement” Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-28 Lu-Lu Hao, Wan-Long Hu, Qiang Wang, Andrew C. Kerr, Wei Dan, Xiu-Zheng Zhang, Zong-Yong Yang, Peng Sun
The Bangong-Nujiang suture zone (BNSZ) is located in the central Tibetan Plateau and represents the remnants of the Permian-Cretaceous Bangong-Nujiang Neo-Tethyan ocean (BNTO). Reconstructing the BNTO's evolution is crucial for understanding the accretionary history of the constituent blocks of the Tibetan Plateau prior to Cenozoic India-Asia collision. This paper reviews Mesozoic magmatism in the
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Behaviour of gold during partial melting of supra subduction zone mantle wedge Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-26 Carolina Mafra, Robert Loucks, Marco Fiorentini
Gold-rich magmatic-hydrothermal deposits form in atypical convergent plate-margin tectonic settings conducive to melting lithospheric mantle. Deposits tend to be associated with K2O-enriched arc magmas, but ultrapotassic magmas are almost never gold-fertile. Our global compilations of chemical compositions of peridotite xenoliths and of near-primary mafic melts reveal that, during mantle-wedge melting
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Episodic tectonism, metamorphism, magmatism, mineralization and mass mortality in eastern China (and adjacent regions) during the Yanshanian movement: Consequences of major global plate reorganizations during the main episodes of Pangea breakup? Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-26 Qing Qian, Yanling Wang
The cause of the Yanshanian movement in eastern China has been highly debated, since its initial proposal one hundred years ago. During the Yanshanian movement, transient, widespread intracontinental contractions (e.g., major regional stratigraphic unconformities, folding and thrusting) occurred at ca. 170 Ma, 140 Ma and 100 Ma. The contractions alternated with 20-30 Myr periods of intense continental
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Ground surface deformation in permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A review Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-22 Shibo Liu, Lin Zhao, Lingxiao Wang, Lin Liu, Defu Zou, Guojie Hu, Zhe Sun, Yuxin Zhang, Wei Chen, Xueying Wang, Meng Wang, Huayun Zhou, Yongping Qiao
Ground surface vertical deformation in permafrost regions encompasses seasonal fluctuations in hydrothermal properties within the active layer and the long-term ground ice change near the permafrost table, serving as a crucial “window” for permafrost observation. This review summarizes research progress regarding deformation in the permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), highlighting
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Microplastics transport in soils: A critical review Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-20 Qihang Li, Anna Bogush, Marco Van De Wiel, Pan Wu, Ran Holtzman
Microplastics (MPs) in terrestrial environments are an emerging contaminant of high concern to ecosystems and human health. However, our understanding of the MPs' fate, particularly their transport within soils, remains elusive. This knowledge gap arises from the multiplicity of coupled physical, chemical and biological processes and parameters affecting MPs transport, together with the scarcity of
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Why are readily soluble phytoliths more resilient? Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-19 Zimin Li, Yunqiang Wang, Kai Yue, Yang Yang, Zhaoliang Song
Phytoliths are plant born opal-A amorphous silica bodies that form in living foliar tissues. They return to soil within plant debris and are considered by biogeochemists and soil scientists as an important source of dissolved silicon (DSi) in the soil-plant system due to their relatively high dissolution rate. However, they are also used in other disciplines as microfossils to reconstruct paleoenvironments
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Fossil leaf cuticle: Best practices for preparation and paleo-CO2 analysis Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-19 Xiaoqing Zhang, Dana L. Royer, Carina E. Colombi, Juan Martin Drovandi, Jennifer C. McElwain, Gaëtan Guignard, Qin Leng, Barry H. Lomax, Nathan D. Sheldon, Rebekah A. Stein, Garland R. Upchurch, Yongdong Wang, Hong Yang, Richard S. Barclay, Ying Cui, Wolfram Kürschner, Joseph N. Milligan, Isabel Montañez, Jon D. Richey, Tammo Reichgelt, Gongle Shi, Selena Y. Smith, Margret Steinthorsdottir
Leaf cuticle is the waxy envelope that protects leaves from desiccation, UV damage, and abrasion. The cuticle encodes information about a plant's chemistry and leaf epidermal and stomatal cell morphology. Fossil leaf cuticle has been used to determine taxonomic affinities for almost two centuries and recognized in recent decades for its value in reconstructing paleoenvironments and paleoclimates, especially
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Luminescence dating illuminates soil evolution Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-18 Aimin Zhang, Hao Long, Fei Yang, Jingran Zhang, Jun Peng, Ganlin Zhang
Understanding soil chronology and evolution processes is fundamental for forecasting soil development and implementing effective conservation and management strategies. However, traditional quantitative methods that rely on radiogenic isotopic dating of secondary soil components (such as humus and pedogenic carbonates) often yield unreliable results due to soil's nature as an open system, where elemental
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Hierarchies of ecologic changes and their roles in the Phanerozoic taxonomic and ecologic diversification history of the Class Bivalvia Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-18 Subhronil Mondal, Peter J. Harries
Identification of ecologic diversification patterns and their correlation with relevant ecologic models is a major challenge in paleobiology. In part, this difficulty reflects that different evolutionary groups followed varying diversity trajectories through time; more specifically, the rate and timing of taxonomic and ecological diversification vary considerably when comparing the evolutionary histories
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The Cambrian Series 2–Miaolingian boundary interval in Australia: biostratigraphic subdivision and implications for global multi-proxy correlation Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-17 James D. Holmes, Patrick M. Smith, John R. Paterson, Glenn A. Brock, Marissa J. Betts
The Cambrian Series 2–Miaolingian boundary interval in Australia—equivalent to the local Ordian and Templetonian stages—has long been a source of controversy, with a practical and consistent subdivision of this interval proving elusive. Recent ratification of the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) in South China, based primarily on the first appearance
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Correlation and cyclicity of stratigraphic sequence boundaries and chronostratigraphic stage boundaries of the last 253 My: Synchrony of tectonism, sea level, climate and biotic change Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-15 Michael R. Rampino, Ken Caldeira
Chronostratigraphic stage boundaries (based primarily on biostratigraphy and radio-isotopic dating) and stratigraphic sequence boundaries (based on changes in global sea level and tectonism) are two major ways of subdividing the Phanerozoic geologic record. We find a close correlation between the ages of 28 sequence boundaries of the last 253 My and the ages of 28 dated chronostratigraphic stage boundaries
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A systematic review on rainfall patterns of Thailand: Insights into variability and its relationship with ENSO and IOD Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-15 Mallappa Jadiyappa Madolli, Shubham Anil Gade, Vivek Gupta, Abhishek Chakraborty, Suriyan Cha-um, Avishek Datta, Sushil Kumar Himanshu
Agriculture, a historically crucial sector for Thailand's economy, has been severely impacted in recent years due to global climate change causing widespread alterations in rainfall patterns across the country. Therefore, for developing resilient climate adaptation measures, it is important to understand the inter-annual variability of rainfall and its associated processes. Large-scale oceanic phenomena
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Historical evolution of the input parameters of ergodic and non-ergodic ground motion models (GMMs): A review Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 10.8) Pub Date : 2025-03-13 Jorge Luis Paredes Estacio, Raffaele De Risi
Ground motion models (GMMs) are key empirical components in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) and the assessment of the seismic hazard as they relate seismic intensity measures (IMs) to earthquake features such as source (FE), path (FP), and site (FS) terms. Each term can be divided into sub-terms that are functions of input variables, also known as proxies. Nowadays, GMMs exist to model