The closure timing of the Paleo-Tethyan Mianlue Ocean is crucial for undestanding plate tectonic reorganization and paleoenvironment changes. However, it remains highly debated, with estimates varying from the Late Permian to the Late Triassic due to insufficient geologic records within the suture zone. In this study, we investigate the Early Triassic inversion structures in the Huayingshan tectonic

This paper introduces a historical catalogue of slow slip events (SSE) for the Mexican subduction zone. The catalogue incorporates all 25 SSEs recorded since they were discovered in 1997. The inversion of GPS data for ten SSEs in Guerrero and five in Oaxaca reveals a clear slow slip segmentation along the Middle America Trench, with slip maxima between 30 and 40 km depth in both regions. SSEs in Guerrero

The Yitong Volcanic Area (YVA) in Jilin Province is a relatively rare “compression type” volcanic system worldwide. Its formation mechanism and eruption mode have unique features. The Yilan-Yitong Fault (YYF) runs through this volcanic rock belt and has demonstrated prominent segmented fracture characteristics since the Quaternary Period. The paleoseismic activity of the Yitong Fault Zone (YFZ) is

On 14 August 2021, the Southern Peninsula of Haiti experienced a Mw7.2 earthquake, 15 years after the devastating Mw7.0 event that struck the capital city of Port-au-Prince on 12 January 2010. We use the data from a local temporary broadband seismic network, a national network of low-cost seismometers, and regional seismic networks, together with a probabilistic, global-search, non-linear location

The Lower Yangtze region lies between the North China Craton and Cathaysia Block; yet, the offshore continuity of major sutures and the role of inherited basement faults remain debated. We integrate 3-D inversions of regional magnetic and gravity data for crustal framework imaging without reduction-to-the-pole. In particular, we perform magnetic inversion directly on the total magnetic intensity (TMI)

The Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP), formed ∼65 Ma during India's northward drift and linked to the Réunion plume, reveals complex upper-mantle structures. This study uses P receiver function (RF) analysis from 76 broadband stations in Gujarat, Western India, to image upper-mantle discontinuities (d410 and d660) beneath the north-western DVP. RF depth migration was performed using 1-D and 3-D tomographic

The Aceh Fault, a major strike-slip fault forming the northernmost segment of Great Sumatran Fault, exhibits recent faulting through prominent scarps along its 250-km length. Running northwest-southeast, it traverses northwestern Sumatra from Tripa to Banda Aceh, a city of over 268,000 residents that is more commonly associated with the 2004 tsunami, but also lies directly on this active fault zone

Earthquakes not only cause direct surface damage but also induce significant perturbations in subsurface aquifer systems. This study developed water level-barometric pressure/tide response models for three observation wells located in the Huaying Mountain Fault Zone, with the aim of quantitatively assessing the effects of the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes on both the structure and vulnerability of

Most of Sabah in northern Borneo is covered with Paleogene to Lower Miocene deep marine turbidite sequences that were deposited along the southern side of the Proto-South China Sea (PSCS). They include the Sapulut and Trusmadi formations of central-south Sabah, the Labang and Kulapis formations of eastern Sabah, the Kudat Formation of NW Sabah and the Crocker Formation of western Sabah. Sandstone petrography

Current understanding of extensional faults, which are essential for subsurface CO2 storage, reveals that fault risk assessment and modeling are significantly hindered by uncertainty. This underscores the need for insights into the datasets and methodologies used for evaluating fault sealing and reactivation. Data on fault architecture from outcrops, combined with mechanical insights, indicate the

The Ghardimaou–North Constantine (GNC) fault zone in northeastern Algeria challenges conventional strike-slip fault behavior: despite its ∼400 km length and ∼ 2.4 mm/yr slip rate, it predominantly hosts moderate-magnitude earthquakes. The 2020 Mw5.3 El Kantour earthquake—the largest recorded event on this fault—provides critical insights into its mechanics. High-resolution aftershock relocations reveal

Igneous sills are extensively developed in sedimentary basins and play a critical role in magma storage and transport during volcanic eruptions. Mounting evidence from Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) highlights the significance of sill complexes in shaping eruption dynamics. However, existing models of shallow magmatic plumbing systems within LIPs are primarily based on field-based datasets, which often

To reveal the seismogenic mechanism of the 2016 Aketao Mw6.6 earthquake and the formation mechanism of the Muji travertine cone group, this study deployed 56 magnetotelluric (MT) stations in the source region and surrounding the Muji Basin. Post-earthquake magnetotelluric data inversion results demonstrate that: (1) the earthquake hypocenter is located near the interface between low-resistivity body

The Gongga Shan (main peak of Gongga Mountain at 7556 m) on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is a key area for studying plateau tectonic evolution owing to its remarkable topographic relief and rapid uplift, with a local relief exceeding 6500 m within a horizontal distance of ∼30 km. This study investigates the topographic growth history and driving mechanisms of Gongga Shan since the late

The Qiangtang terrane in the central Tibetan Plateau records critical evidence for understanding the early stages of plateau growth. However, the timing, mechanisms, and paleotopographic evolution of the central Qiangtang terrane remain controversial, which limits our understanding of closure of the Tethys Ocean and related uplift of Tibet. This study focuses on the Shuanghu basin of the central Qiangtang

We present 2-D reconstructions representing the extended version of the continental extrusion model, on which late Paul Tapponnier worked with the co-authors, and which provides a coherent mechanism for the origin of most major faults and basins in South-East Asia, in the last 50 My. In that model, the northward progression of India within Asia induces the nucleation and motion along a series of major

This study explores the velocity structure of the 2025 Mw7.7 Myanmar earthquake source region using seismic wave traveltime reciprocity tomography, a method that leverages the reciprocal relationship between sources and receivers to address the challenge of sparse station coverage. This inversion resolves robust velocity anomalies and remains generally stable with respect to the changes in the spatial

The role of the en echelon Karakorum-Jiali fault zone (KJFZ) in accommodating eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau remains a subject of ongoing debate. To clarify the present-day strain accumulation along its eastern section (encompassing the Gyaring Co, Beng Co, and Jiali faults), we integrated Sentinel-1 InSAR and GNSS velocities to derive a comprehensive three-dimensional crustal deformation

The Fiji-Lau Basin-Tonga-Samoa region, situated at a complex tectonic junction involving subduction, back-arc spreading, and mantle plume activity, provides a natural laboratory for investigating crustal growth processes at convergent margins, and enhances regional seismic hazards assessments. We present estimates of crustal thickness variations and Vp/Vs ratios derived from P-wave receiver functions

The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake is the largest instrumental earthquake to strike Nepal. However, its moment magnitude is still associated with considerable uncertainty in the literature, with a wide range of values between 8.0 ± 0.3 and as high as 8.4. In this paper we re-evaluate its seismic moment using teleseismic surface wave records from 6 stations. A total of 10 independent measurements lead

The Late Cretaceous magmatic rocks, widely distributed along the Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone (BNSZ), not only records large-scale crust-mantle interactions, but also contains characteristic fingerprints of deep geodynamic processes. However, the formation regime is still controversial, with proposed mechanisms including lithospheric delamination, the rollback of the Neo-Tethys Ocean, and the subduction

The present-day tectonic deformation in the Eastern Sichuan Fold-Thrust (ESFTB) far away from plate boundaries is relatively weak, but several moderate to strong earthquakes have occurred in this region during the past decades. To investigate the deep structure and seismogenic environment of this area, a dense broadband magnetotelluric (MT) array were deployed to obtain a three-dimensional (3-D) image

The peritectic reaction whereby olivine reacts with silica-rich melt to crystallize orthopyroxene occurs in various settings such as mid-ocean ridges, mantle plumes, and subduction zones, thereby modifying upper mantle properties. While many studies have investigated how olivine crystallographic (CPO) and shape-preferred orientations (SPO) evolve during deformation in presence of melt, pyroxene CPO

To investigate and analyze the impact of stress transfer and concentration driven by the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake on the Longmenshan-foreland basin, this study aims to predict the regions where future triggered earthquakes may occur and assess their seismic hazard levels.This paper utilizes finite element numerical simulations to assess the changes in regional stress fields after the Wenchuan

Peloponnese is a seismotectonically active region in Greece (Eastern Mediterranean) located just north of the Hellenic Subduction Zone, along which the Aegean and Nubian continental plates converge, and south of the Corinth Gulf, a rapidly extending rift. In addition to these highly tectonically active margins, the crust of the Peloponnese is undergoing deformation, which has locally generated significant

Grain growth in quartz aggregates is traditionally understood as a surface energy driven process, where larger grains grow at the expense of smaller ones in order to reduce the total grain surface area. However, most studies that contributed to this concept used relatively homogeneous, fine-grained quartz aggregates, which may not precisely reflect natural samples. Here, we performed an isotropic hot-pressing

This study investigates the conditions sustaining long-lived molten plutons in the middle to upper crust, driven by lower crustal melting due to magmatic underplating and episodic melt extraction. Using 2D two-phase flow models solving conservation equations for mass, composition, momentum, and energy, and assuming a simplified melting law, we examine the interplay between long-term magmatic processes

Fault damage zone permeability governs fluid migration, fault mechanics, and seismic rupture dynamics. Here, we investigate the permeability structure of the Triassic damaged stratigraphy beneath the frontal Longmen Shan fault system—a key structure within the Sichuan Basin—through direct analysis of deeply drilled core samples (∼6800 m depth) from the LS1 borehole. We integrated mineralogical analyses

Changes in pore fluid pressure are often implicated in producing a range a fault slip behaviour and in the triggering of earthquakes. For fluid pressure increases to influence fault mechanics, either low permeability materials must be present to inhibit fluid loss, or a mechanism for rapid production of pore fluid pressure must operate. In this work, we present observations of rapid generation of pulses

The calculation of Moho flexural deformation is essential in the flexural isostatic theory. Existing approaches lack consistent comparison, and the applicability of key parameters, such as the radius of regionality, requires further validation. We first evaluate the optimal value of the radius of regionality, a critical parameter in flexural deformation calculations. We then systematically compare

Located in a special tectonic position, the eastern Himalayan syntaxis (EHS) has fully preserved the stress and tectonic evolution since the Indian-Eurasian plate collision. The EHS is a representative region for understanding crustal deformation, faulting and seismicity, all of which relate to the in-situ stress regime driven by the plate collision. Yet the stress field in the EHS mainly depends on

Quantifying strike-slip rates along the Altyn Tagh fault (ATF) is critical for understanding Tibetan Plateau deformation. Previous studies focused mainly on areas east of 85°E, leaving slip rates and spatial variations in the western ATF poorly constrained. We investigate Late Quaternary slip rates along the Kuyake-Tula segments through field surveys, UAV photogrammetry, LaDiCaoz_v2 displacement modeling

The characterization of complex geological systems, such as active fault zones and volcanic districts, in terms of volumetric distribution of geophysical parameters is crucial for reconstructing their internal architecture. At the same time, numerical modelling has proven to be a powerful tool for understanding the processes that governs the dynamics of these systems (e.g., fluid and gas migration

During the Wenchuan earthquake, a ∼240-km-long surface rupture zone was produced along the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault zone (YBFZ). Although regional models are available for the YBFZ, there remains a shortage of high-resolution models at shallow depth due to unfavorable terrain. In this study, we collect continuous data recorded by 242 temporary short-period seismometers from November 12 to December 6

This study presents a gravity-based structural interpretation of the Lake Hazar region in Elazığ, Türkiye, where a pull-apart basin has developed along the East Anatolian Fault. The basin overlies magmatic and metamorphic basement rocks and is filled with younger sedimentary deposits. To investigate the subsurface geometry and the trajectories of both the main fault and its sub-branches, seven north–south

Documenting the timing of kinematic reversals along individual strike-slip faults within regional transpressional- transtensional systems is challenging, especially in areas of subdued topography and limited exposure of basinal successions. Within the northern Tibetan foreland, multiple NW- and W-striking faults (e.g., Nanjieshan, Heishan, Longshoushan) are developed within low-lying ranges, and exhibit

We present a new shear-wave velocity (Vs) model of the Iranian Plateau using Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion tomography. We derive the model from both seismic ambient noise and regional earthquake data using the SOLA Backus–Gilbert inversion method. The SOLA approach provides spatially variable resolution and uncertainty estimates, enabling us to produce 2D maps of Rayleigh wave group velocities

Continental strike-slip faults often display complex, along-strike geometries with branches and splays, which play an important role in earthquake rupture processes. We use a digital elevation model and a ground-penetrating radar survey to analyse the Awatere Fault in New Zealand and demonstrate that the number of branch faults and the width of the fault zone increases as the fault passes from bedrock

The Garhwal-Kumaon Himalaya, located in the central seismic gap region, acts as a transitional segment between the northwest and the Nepal Himalaya. The region exhibits notable spatial variability in seismicity distribution and interseismic strain rate patterns. A comprehensive understanding of this seismogenic behavior and strain distribution requires characterizing arc-normal and arc-parallel variations

Increasing numbers of Himalayan and Tibetan earthquakes are being confirmed to originate below the Moho (recognized seismically) and have been taken to imply a brittle, seismogenic, uppermost mantle. However, differences between ‘Moho’ (a wavespeed/density boundary) and ‘crust-mantle boundary’ (CMB, a petrological distinction) complicate interpretation of these earthquakes. By applying the S-minus-P

In response to the far-field effect of the India-Asia continental collision, how the deformation developed in time and space across the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau remains unclear. In this study, we integrate the exhumation history of the Altyn Shan and basin deformation processes to the north to present an image of the structural expansion sequence across the northern plateau margin. A

Oceanic intraplate volcanic systems often experience a late-stage eruptive phase known as rejuvenated volcanism, characterized by small volumes of alkaline lavas with salient compositional differences from earlier shield-stage products, occurring after significant quiescence (ca. 0.5–2 Ma). Despite its ubiquity at oceanic islands, the underlying physical mechanisms driving this stage remain elusive

At the southernmost front of the southwestern French Alps, the Baous thrust system is a key marker of Alpine deformation. Based on detailed surface data and a balanced, sequentially restored cross-section, this study shows that the SSW-verging Baous thrust is rooted in a deep-seated basement thrust, kinematically linked to shallower thrusts detached within Triassic evaporites. This basement thrust

After wastewater injection and subsequent shale gas production, induced seismicity in regions of active shale gas development has been underreported, and the mechanisms of long-term effects remain unclear. In Rongchang, Sichuan Basin, China, over 30 years of wastewater disposal led to significant fluid injections, inducing earthquakes up to M5.2. After wastewater injection ceased, shale gas extraction

The geodynamic drivers behind the formation of the north-south trending rifts (NSTRs) in southern Tibet remain critical for understanding the Cenozoic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. The along-strike spatiotemporal characteristics of individual rift systems is one of the most debated topics. This study investigates the formation and geodynamics of the Cona-Woka rift, the easternmost rift in southern

This study investigates how large-scale tectonic blocks and inherited lithospheric boundaries across Türkiye can be resolved and characterized using integrated geophysical datasets. Despite numerous localized studies, a unified, crust-to-upper-mantle synthesis combining gravity, magnetic, seismicity, and P-wave velocity data has not yet been applied to understand the tectonic segmentation of the region

The convergence of the Arabian and Eurasian plates formed the present-day elevation along the collision zone since the Late Cretaceous. Isolating the dynamic contribution of convecting mantle to the topography is complicated by various isostatic and non-isostatic components of elevation. An incremental approach is used to derive residual topography after removing isostatic and elastically supported

The occurrence of the isolated 2013 Shizhu MS4.3 earthquake in a historically seismically quiet region makes it important to understand its underlying mechanisms, including the role of geological and anthropogenic factors, especially for seismic risk assessment in future mineral resource extraction. This study investigates the upper-crustal geological structure across the Shizhu seismogenic zone within

Influenced by the superimposed transformation of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean tectonic domain, the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean tectonic domain and the Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean tectonic domain, Northeast China experienced multiple periods of magmatic activity during the Meso-Cenozoic, forming a complex basin and ridge tectonic system and lithospheric structure; this area is important for geologists. In recent years

In the Alboran Sea, oblique convergence between African and Eurasian plates led to the formation of the active NNE-SSW Al Idrissi sinistral strike-slip fault system ∼1 Ma ago, generating several moderate-magnitude earthquakes (Mw > 6). This study investigates the dynamics of this emerging plate boundary by analysing seismic events recorded in sedimentary sequences over the past 120 kyr. A multi-proxy

Lower crust of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau includes 100 s of km2-scale zones of low resistivity at 20–40 km-depths indicating the presence of melt ± fluid ± graphite. These zones coincide with interconnected zones of low shear wave velocity. Data from central and southeastern Tibet support the occurrence of metasedimentary felsic granulites in the lower crust along a backarc-like geothermal gradient

The Messina Straits is a narrow marine basin shaped by regional-scale uplift and localized subsidence driven by crustal faulting along the diffuse Africa-Eurasia convergent plate boundary. Catastrophic earthquakes have struck the region, most notably the 1908 Mw 7.1 Messina event. However, the causative fault(s) and the geodynamic drivers of this deformation remain unclear. In this study, we use seismological

Well-preserved salt structures in the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt provide an ideal opportunity to quantitatively study the evolution of compressional salt anticlines. The Dawanqi salt anticline in the northwestern part of the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt is closely associated with hydrocarbon accumulation. Its structural evolution plays a key role in controlling the timing and distribution of sub-salt faults

The mechanisms accommodating extension in magma-rich and magma-poor rifts likely differ, with magmatic intrusion (largely aseismic) potentially dominating magma-rich rifts and faulting (seismic deformation) thought to accommodate most extension in magma-poor rifts. We compared the seismic and aseismic deformation occurring in the Danakil Depression, East Africa (magma-rich) and Corinth Rift, Greece

The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) zone has consistently exhibited a sequence of westward-migrating earthquakes with magnitudes exceeding 7 (Mw>7) during its last three seismic cycles. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this behavior, we conducted multi-cycle simulations using a rate-and-state friction (RSF) model. The model incorporates three seismogenic asperities aligned along the fault strike

Since 2008, eight strike-slip earthquake sequences/swarms have occurred in the broader regions of Boeotia and Euboea, where shear from the North Aegean Sea intersects the extensional province of Central Greece. Notably, the 2023 Elatia sequence unfolded within an area previously considered dominated by pure extension. In broader Euboea, the seismotectonic context has remained ambiguous, with limited

The geology of Sabah, the eastern Malaysian state in northern Borneo, is complex due to its location in a region of tectonic convergence between Asia, Australia and Pacific plates during the Cenozoic. Current tectonic models suggest that Sabah underwent crustal thickening in a double-subduction system - Oligocene–Early Miocene south-eastward subduction of the Proto-South China Sea beneath NW Sabah