Multiple shortening took place during the Mesozoic in the periphery of the North China block (NCB), a major tectonic grain of East Asia, but no consensus exists as to the timing, intensity, and causes of individual events. This work focuses on the first phase shortening in Jurassic, which represents the initiation of Yanshanian orogeny, by investigating the structural evolution of the Yanshan belt

Several thermally activated mechanisms have been proposed to explain the dynamic weakening of faults at fast, seismic slip rates v > 0.1 m s−1. Nevertheless, direct constraints from microstructural observations on the operation of such weakening mechanisms are still lacking for most rock forming minerals. This includes olivine, a very refractory mineral relevant for seismic activity occurring in peridotite

We used receiver function (RF) analysis to derive new seismic models of Moho depth, crustal Vp/Vs ratio, depth of sedimentary velocity discontinuity, and corresponding sedimentary Vp/Vs ratio in the Permian Basin region from the seismic waveform data of 260 moment magnitude (Mw) ≥ 6 teleseismic events. We obtained the optimal models by searching one- and two-layer models and comparing similarity between

Landward increase of surface velocity has been found for segments adjacent along-strike to megathrust faults after the 2003 Tokachi-oki and the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquakes, NE Japan. A similar increase of landward velocities was reported for the segments to the north of the rupture of the 2010 Maule earthquake, Chile. We utilize available GNSS data to find such changes for six megathrust earthquakes

The Phanerozoic intracontinental Parnaíba Basin in northeast Brazil lies atop crust composed of Archaean to Mesoproterozoic cratonic blocks and Neoproterozoic mobile belts. Recently, active and passive source geophysical surveys characterised the crustal structure beneath the basin. We use information from published active-source seismic and new, coincident receiver function (RF) data to obtain Vp/Vs

A three-stage evolution has characterized the Sicilian Fold and Thrust Belt (SFTB) during the last 15 My: two main thin-skinned shortening events involving mainly Meso-Cenozoic carbonate units, followed by thick-skinned thrusting involving Plio-Pleistocene deposits in the frontal area as well as the crystalline basement in the inner and deeper sector of the chain. We investigated the northern Sicily

Some Asian blocks were welded into Gondwana, whereas their positions in Gondwana are controversial, especially the Tarim Craton. This is mainly because the Tarim Craton is largely occupied by the Taklamakan desert and only a few rocks crop out along its margins. In this study, we investigate previously little-studied early Neoproterozoic to late Silurian strata, compile up-to-date published data in

Industrial production activities associated with salt mining, hydraulic fracturing, or geothermal exploitation can induce pore pressure and stress field changes, thus inducing seismic activity. Most of the events are not disastrous due to limited energy radiated. Here we report a Mw 5.8 damaging event that occurred in Changning, China on June 17, 2019, probably the largest induced event by industrial

Here, we present the source mechanism and rupture process for the destructive 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–Sivrice earthquake at the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ, Turkey), obtained from seismological waveform analysis and space geodetic observations. Multi-data analyses and modelling in the present study provide fundamental data and strong constraints for retrieving complex source mechanism of

On October 9, 2014, a Mw 7.1–6.7 seismic doublet occurred at the Juan Fernández microplate, close to the triple junction with Pacific and Nazca plates. The Mw 7.1 earthquake is the largest earthquake ever to have been recorded in the region. Its thrust focal mechanism is also unusual for the region, although the northern part of the microplate is expected to undergo compression. The region is remote

We present a new analogue model of oroclinal buckling, which is based on recent advances in our geological understanding of the Mongolian orocline in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The model simulates an amplification of a preexisting, gently arcuated accretionary system. In the analogue models, we established three neighboring subdomains that represent contrasting lithospheric domains separated

Geophysical interpretation of potential field data plays an important role in the integration of geological data. Estimation of density and magnetic susceptibility variations within the upper crust helps evaluating the continuity of geological structures in the field. In the present study we use gravity and magnetic data in NW Amazonian Craton in Colombia. Total horizontal gradient of the reduction

The structure and rheology of lithosphere are fundamental to understanding lithospheric deformation operating within the Tibetan plateau and hence holds significant implications for continental dynamics. Yet, some of these aspects remain less well constrained in Tibet. In this study we construct new models of isotropic-average shear-wave velocity and radial anisotropy from previously published Rayleigh-wave

Shallow slow earthquakes have been documented along shallow plate interfaces near trenches. Recent geophysical observation networks located offshore of Japan enable us to analyze shallow tremors in the Nankai Trough and the Japan Trench. Onshore seismic stations are also important for detecting shallow very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) and for evaluating their seismicity prior to the deployment

Studying hydrothermal systems in basement environments requires knowledge of fault and fracture network distributions. This study addresses this through multi-scale structural analysis of the Têt fault and its surrounding fracture systems (Eastern Pyrénées) using remote sensing and field data. This study aims to achieve this through: 1) precisely mapping and describing the brittle fault network, 2)

On September 26, 2019, a significant, Mw 6.5, earthquake shook Ambon region, Indonesia, causing severe damage on the Island(s) of Ambon. Due to the complexity of the fault network and in-situ stress field it was, up to now, not possible to define the fault plane using data from the BMKG regional seismic network. In this study, we analyze the fault plane of the 2019 Ambon earthquake and the reactivation

From October to December 2019, a sequence of four earthquakes of Mw > 6.0 occurred in southern Mindanao, the Philippines, and revealed complex tectonics in this region. We used Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)-2 and Sentinel-1A/B Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data to map the coseismic deformation and to constrain both the fault geometry and kinematics of coseismic slip distributions during

White mica has been widely used to date microstructures and tectonic events in faults, shear-zones and folds because of its suitability for radiogenic dating. However, complex (i) microstructural evolution, (ii) individual chemical evolution of the K-bearing phases, (iii) mixing of ‘detrital grains’ with newly formed and/or recrystallized or chemically reset grains as well as (iv) volume diffusion

Besides the large-scale wedge shape itself, the most prominent structural feature of accretionary wedges and fold-and-thrust belts is the common pattern of imbricate thrust faults. This study illuminates the fundamental mechanical processes and material properties controlling the width of the crustal blocks bounded by major thrusts using analytical solutions of stress as well as two-dimensional finite-difference

Earthquake nests are anomalous clusters of seismicity located far from active collisional systems in intraplate, locked suture zones, or the deep part of relic subducted slabs, challenging classic earthquake generation mechanism theories. The Vrancea Seismic Zone in Romania is such an upper-mantle seismic nest located in the SE Carpathians, releasing the largest strain in continental Europe. To better

The region around the Mejillones Peninsula is characterized by major onshore and offshore fault systems. The existence of major splay faults in these fault systems has been debated. To improve our undestanding of seismotectonic processes affecting the MP, we built a new catalog of aftershocks of the 1995 Antofagasta earthquake (Mw 8.1) recorded by the CINCA seismic network. In addition, we build a

We explore the shear-wave lithospheric velocity structure of the Eastern Caribbean and Northern Venezuela using ambient noise tomography with stations deployed around the study area. We construct cross-correlation functions from continuous seismic records, and measure phase velocities of fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves. These velocities are further projected onto 0.6°x0.6° phase velocity grids for

High-resolution 3-D P and S wave velocity (Vp and Vs) models of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the northeastern (NE) Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding areas were obtained by applying an improved double-difference seismic tomography method on abundant body wave travel-time data of local and regional earthquakes collected from 1985 to 2018. The improved method not only increases constraints

The hinterland Western Domain of the Magallanes Fold-and-Thrust Belt (MFTB) between 52°-54°S is part of a poorly studied region of the southernmost Andean Cordillera. This domain consists of NNW-SSE trending tectonic slices of pre-Jurassic basement units and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous ophiolitic complexes and volcano-sedimentary successions of the Rocas Verdes Basin (RVB). New detrital zircon UPb

A historical earthquake-related co-seismic deformation observed on beachrock beds along the southern shoreline of Lake Iznik is discussed as a new paleoseismic record for an 8th century AD earthquake in the Middle Strand of the North Anatolian Fault, NW Turkey. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) images beneath the beachrock surface allowed monitoring of the subsurface trace of a normal fault dipping

The Northern Depression of the South Yellow Sea Basin underwent two episodes of tectonic inversion from the latest Eocene to Oligocene and in the Pliocene, respectively. During the inversion, the structural depression controlled previously by extensional faults was subjected to compression and erosion. Structural interpretation on 2D marine seismic data suggests that the structural styles associated

Passive seismic recordings of teleseismic P wave arrivals and their immediate coda along a dense profile of stations can be used to image the reflection structure beneath the profile. The process exploits the autocorrelation of the seismic signals that extracts the reflection response from the transmitted signals recorded at the surface, which can be migrated to provide a depth image. This common reflection

The Demerara Plateau (offshore Suriname and French Guiana) is located at the junction of the Jurassic Central Atlantic and the Cretaceous Equatorial Atlantic Oceans. The study of its crustal structure is fundamental to understanding its tectonic history, its relationship with the adjacent oceanic domains and to enlightening the formation of Transform Marginal Plateaus (TMPs). This study presents two

The association of mafic extrusive rocks and serpentinized mantle rocks is a common feature encountered in numerous ultra-distal magma-poor rifted margins as well as in (ultra)slow-spreading oceanic settings where detachment faulting and mantle exhumation occur. Although seismic imaging and high-resolution TOBI radar allow imaging this association, the nature of this interface is poorly understood

Most previous studies advocate that crustal weakening in the Yunnan area is predominantly the result of eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau. Here we observe regional variations in the Yunnan crustal structure from the waveform characteristic variations of receiver functions at 342 seismic stations. Furthermore, receiver function imaging along three seismic sections reveals the response of crustal

We investigated temporal variations of the bulk strain rate across the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen, which impact the magnitudes, rates, and distribution of deformation across the orogen. The present-day strain rate estimated from geodesy is ~5-6×10-16 s-1 and estimation of past rates depends on the orogenic shortening rate and effective orogen width. Plate-circuit reconstructions provide constraints on

On April 1, 2014, a large earthquake (Mw = 8.1) ruptured the central part of a historic seismic gap in northern Chile. In order to study the relationship between the co-seismic rupture characteristics and the crustal structure of the subduction zone, we processed a trench-perpendicular seismic reflection profile acquired across the zone of maximum slip and generated a P-wave velocity model. The results

Along the south-western offshore Hellenic subduction zone, the overriding Aegean upper plate above the Mediterranean oceanic lithosphere generates uncommon large earthquakes on the offshore megathrust fault. The largest subduction thrust event, for half a century, has been the 14 February 2008 Methoni earthquake (Mw = 6.8) that occurred offshore of the southwest coast of Peloponnesus. We conducted

The Afar region in East Africa is a key locality for studying continental break-up. Within Afar, passive margins are developing, of which the Southern Afar Margin (SAM) contains synthetic (basinward) faulting, whereas crustal flexure, antithetic faulting and marginal grabens occur along the Western Afar Margin (WAM). Numerous conflicting scenarios for the evolution of the WAM exist. In this analogue

Active tectonics linked to the rise of the Hispaniola forearc explain the morphological characteristics, spatial distribution and U-Th geochronological ages of the uplifted coral reef terraces of the La Isabela Formation in both the eastern Cordillera Septentrional and the Samaná Peninsula of northeastern Dominican Republic. Depositional coral reef terraces of MIS 5e (TII), 7e (TIII) and 9 (TIV) stages

In order to understand the friction properties of amphibole as a primary constituent mineral in subduction zones, we used hornblende as the simulated gouge material to conduct two series of shearing experiments at temperatures from 101 to 607 °C under confining pressures of 136 MPa and 83 MPa, a pore pressure of 30 MPa and loading rates of 0.0488–1.22 μm/s. Steady-state friction coefficients in the

This study investigates the geometry, kinematics, and interaction of thin- and thick-skinned tectonics at the western Sichuan Basin adjacent to the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. A two-level detachment system, comprising a shallow Triassic and basal Precambrian detachment, was identified. Three-dimensional (3-D) structural modeling was applied to demonstrate the geometry of the shallow detachment

In contrast to active continental rifting, which is caused by the thermal erosion of active upwelling plumes, passive continental rifting is attributed to the extensional stress acting on the continental lithosphere due to either the basal drag force exerted by the passive mantle flow under the lithosphere or the boundary forces at the continental margins. Although the extension of continental lithosphere

Around the southern front of the Qilian Mountains, three Mw 6.3 strong earthquakes have occurred since 2003. The distances between the epicenters of these events range from 18 to 46 km. By collecting available datasets, including broadband waveforms, coseismic surface geodetic measurements and active fault mapping results, we invert rupture models for these strong earthquakes with a finite fault model

Voluminous hydrothermal systems are corresponding to the heat flow anomaly discovered from previous geophysical surveys in the Southern Okinawa Trough (SOT), which is an area with a high sedimentation rate supplied by the East China Sea shelf and the island of Taiwan. Our latest fifteen field measurements around the Geolin Mound (GLM) (24° 36.6 ‘N, 122° 53’E) are located at a sedimentary basin west

Several extrusion mechanisms have been proposed to explain the occurrences of ultra-high pressure (UHP) rocks at collisional margins. Here we assess the suitability of the channel flow model of extrusion for the Tso Morari Crystallines (TMC) by investigating the syn-extrusion deformation kinematics of the UHP eclogite-bearing gneisses that dominate the TMC. Samples were collected from two transects

We present magnetotelluric (MT) data from the northern Fennoscandian shield, which show extreme behavior due to the complex geoelectric setting left behind by the tectonic reworking of the Archaean bedrock during the Palaeoproterozoic. The core of the MT data set from the central Finnish Lapland were acquired in 2014 in the context of the MaSca-project. Extreme data are defined by the condition where

Tectonically active fault networks are often inter-connected, but in the case of injection-induced seismicity, prior knowledge of fault architecture tends to be severely limited. In most cases, reactivated faults due to fluid injection are inferred, after-the-fact, by the spatial distribution of induced-seismicity hypocenters; such reliance on post-injection seismicity impedes any pre-operational risk

Magnetic fabrics are used extensively as proxies for mineral fabrics and to correct paleomagnetic data, and have been proposed to quantify pore fabrics. Today's understanding and interpretation of magnetic anisotropy benefits from decades of carefully observing anisotropic mineral and rock properties, establishing and testing empirical relationships between magnetic and mineral fabrics, and developing

Explicit interactive modelling and implicit interpolation modelling are the two classic three-dimensional (3-D) modelling approaches for reconstructing 3-D geological structures from sparse data. The limitations of using a single method appear when performing complex regional modelling containing various types of geological structures. However, due to the complication of spatial geometry computation

In this paper, we study the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the postseismic deformation of the 2010–2011 Rigan earthquake sequence which occurred at the southern termination of the East Lut fault system, southeast Iran. One-year GPS measurements after the Rigan earthquake sequence reveals right-lateral postseismic displacement along the East Chahqanbar fault and left-lateral postseismic

Discrepancies in earthquake characteristics between geodetically determined and geologically observed slip rates are prominent for the eastern part of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) zone. We investigated the spatial distribution of deformation across a NAF fault segment near Erzincan, NE Turkey, through field observations of physiographic features along the principle fault and a carbonate-filled fissure

The Cordillera Blanca shear zone (CBSZ) occupies the footwall of the Cordillera Blanca detachment fault, an active low-moderate angle detachment fault extending for ~200 km along the western margin of the Cordillera Blanca in central Peru. Recrystallized quartz paleopiezometry, two-feldspar thermometry on asymmetric strain-induced myrmekite, and structural analysis from the CBSZ provide evidence for

RomUkrSeis is a controlled source wide-angle reflection and refraction (WARR) profile acquired in August 2014. It is 675 km long, running roughly SW-NE from the Apuseni Mountains in Romania and the Transylvanian Basin, crossing the arc of the Eastern Carpathian orogen and terminating in the East European Craton (EEC) in SW Ukraine. Well-constrained 2-D ray-tracing P- and partly S-wave velocity models

Using analogue techniques, we attempted to model the complex tectonic deformation pattern observed along the North-Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara from morpho-bathymetry and seismic reflection images. In particular this paper focuses on the so-called Cinarcik segment of the fault connecting the eastern Izmit segment, which entirely ruptured during the Mw 7.4, 1999 earthquake, to the western segment

We present a large set of fault-slip data together with six UPb ages on calcite vein fillings constraining the kinematics and timing of near-surface (uppermost 2–3 km of crust) faulting of the uplifted South German block in the northern foreland of the NW-ward advancing Alps. The structural data confirm earlier studies showing Miocene subhorizontal NE-directed extension with shortening mainly being

Knowledge of the internal architecture of mafic-ultramafic intrusions is critical to efficient targeting of magmatic Ni-PGE mineralisation. However, the visual homogeneity of such rocks in drill-core, coupled with poor outcrop in many areas can make their structure difficult to decipher using standard techniques. In this study we use measurements of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and remanent

Crustal segments, such as those in Eastern Turkey, which host magma chambers, volcanoes, and fault zones, experience complex stresses generated through interactions between regional tectonic loading, magmatic pressure, and geothermal dynamics. Here we model these competing loading mechanisms and examine their effects on generating stresses in a complex crustal segment which has been subjected to orogenesis

Earthquake occurrence in the stress shadow provides a unique opportunity for extracting information about the physical processes behind earthquakes because it highlights processes other than the ambient stress change in earthquake generation. In this study, we examined the fault structure and the spatiotemporal distribution of the aftershocks of the 2019 M6.7 Yamagata-Oki earthquake, which occurred