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Brittle faulting of ductile rock induced by pore fluid pressure build‐up J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Corentin Noël; François X. Passelègue; Marie Violay
Under upper crustal conditions, deformations are primarily brittle (i.e., localized) and accommodated by frictional mechanisms. At greater depth, deformations are ductile (i.e., distributed) and accommodated by crystal plasticity, diffusion mass transfer or cataclastic flow. The transition from the brittle to the ductile domain is not associated with a critical depth, but rather varies in time and
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Weak Crust in Southeast Tibetan Plateau Revealed by Lg‐Wave Attenuation Tomography: Implications for Crustal Material Escape J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Xi He; Lian‐Feng Zhao; Xiao‐Bi Xie; Xiaobo Tian; Zhen‐Xing Yao
The continuous convergence between the Indian and Eurasian plates caused massive lithospheric deformation in the Tibetan Plateau and led to excessive crustal material escaping through its southeastern margin. However, the mechanisms that accommodate the escaping materials and whether they intrude into the Indochina Peninsula are continually under debate. Seismic Lg waves mostly propagate within the
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Crustal Radial Anisotropy of the Iran Plateau Inferred from Ambient Noise Tomography J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 R. Movaghari; G. JavanDoloei; Y. Yang; M. Tatar; A. Sadidkhouy
This study presents a 3D model of the crustal and uppermost mantle shear wave velocity and radial anisotropy beneath the Iran Plateau constructed by Rayleigh and Love waves from ambient noise. We correlate three years of continuous seismic ambient noise data recorded in ninety‐eight stations to obtain cross correlation functions. Then, we measure Rayleigh (8‐60 s) and Love (8‐50 s) wave dispersion
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Microphysical modeling of carbonate fault friction at slip rates spanning the full seismic cycle J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Jianye Chen; A. R. Niemeijer; Christopher J. Spiers
Laboratory studies suggest that seismogenic rupture on faults in carbonate terrains can be explained by a transition from high friction, at low sliding velocities (V), to low friction due to rapid dynamic weakening as seismic slip velocities are approached. However, consensus on the controlling physical processes is lacking. We previously proposed a microphysically‐based model (the ‘Chen‐Niemeijer‐Spiers’
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Electrical resistivity structure around the Atotsugawa fault, central Japan, revealed by a new 2‐D inversion method combining Wideband‐MT and Network‐MT datasets J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Yoshiya Usui; Makoto Uyeshima; Tsutomu Ogawa; Ryokei Yoshimura; Naoto Oshiman; Satoru Yamaguchi; Hiroaki Toh; Hideki Murakami; Koki Aizawa; Toshiya Tanbo; Yasuo Ogawa; Tadashi Nishitani; Shin’ya Sakanaka; Masaaki Mishina; Hideyuki Satoh; Tada‐nori Goto; Takafumi Kasaya; Toru Mogi; Yusuke Yamaya; Ichiro Shiozaki; Yoshimori Honkura
The Atotsugawa fault is one of the most active faults in Japan and the strain accumulation at the fault is considered to be caused by an aseismic shear zone in the fluid‐rich lower crust. To identify the shear zone and investigate the origin of the aqueous fluid in the lower crust, we deployed a Network‐MT survey in addition to a conventional wideband‐MT survey around the fault and performed an inversion
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The Mechanics of Creep, Slow Slip Events, and Earthquakes in Mixed Brittle‐Ductile Fault Zones J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Luc L. Lavier; Xinyue Tong; James Biemiller
Geological observations show that fault zone composition varies and often accommodates a mixture of brittle and ductile deformation. There is growing evidence that the nature of this mixture may play an important role in determining whether the fault creeps steadily or slides in slow slip events (SSEs) and/or fast earthquakes. Using numerical experiments of slip events in a fault zone of finite thickness
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Chameleonic noise in GPS position time series J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Alvaro Santamaría‐Gómez; Jim R. Ray
It has been standard practice for about two decades to compute GPS‐based station velocity uncertainties using the apparent noise statistics of the non‐linear position residuals rather than assume white noise (WN) behavior. The latter choice would yield unrealistic velocity uncertainties. The most common noise types used are power‐law, usually close to flicker noise (FN), over most frequencies mixed
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Data‐driven two‐fault modelling of the Mw 6.0 2008 Wells, Nevada earthquake suggests a listric fault rupture J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Michael Frietsch; Ana M.G. Ferreira; Gareth J. Funning
Structural fault complexity at depth affects seismic hazard, earthquake physics and regional tectonic behavior, but constraining such complexity is challenging. We present earthquake source models of the 21 February 2008, Mw 6.0 Wells event that occurred in the Basin and Range in the western USA suggesting the rupture of both the shallow and deep parts of a listric fault. We use a large data set including
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Negative Unjacketed Pore Modulus in Limestones? Critical Examination of a Peculiar Laboratory Observation J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-26 Wenhui Tan; Tobias M. Müller; Jing Ba
There is recent experimental evidence that the effective pressure coefficient for pore volume exceeds unity in limestones with dual porosity structure. Within the realm of linear poroelastcity, this means that the unjacketed pore modulus is negative. This would be a rather unusual rock behavior since it implies that the pore volume increases for a positive pressure increment during hydrostatic compression
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Does Retrogression Always Account for the Large Volume of Submarine Megaslides? Evidence to the Contrary From the Tampen Slide, Offshore Norway J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 R. S. Barrett; B. Bellwald; P. J. Talling; A. Micallef; F. Gross; C. Berndt; S. Planke; R. Myklebust; S. Krastel
Submarine landslides can be several orders of magnitude larger than their terrestrial counterparts and can pose significant hazards across entire ocean basins. The landslide failure mechanism strongly controls the associated tsunami hazard. The Tampen Slide offshore Norway is one of the largest landslides on Earth but remains poorly understood due to its subsequent burial beneath up to 450 m of sediments
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Spatial Variations of Upper Crustal Anisotropy along the San Jacinto Fault Zone in Southern California: Constraints from Shear Wave Splitting Analysis J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Enyuan Jiang; Kelly H. Liu; Yuan Gao; Xiaofei Fu; Stephen S. Gao
To discern spatial and explore possible existence of temporal variations of upper crustal anisotropy in an ∼15 km section of the San Jacinto Fault Zone (SJFZ) that is composed of the Buck Ridge and Clark faults in southern California, we conduct a systematic shear wave splitting investigation using local S‐wave data recorded by three broadband seismic stations located near the surface expression of
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Seismic Moment Accumulation Response to Lateral Crustal Variations of the San Andreas Fault System J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Lauren A. Ward; Bridget. R. Smith‐Konter; Xiaohua Xu; David T. Sandwell
Rheologic variations in the Earth’s crust (like elastic plate thickness or crustal rigidity) modulate the rate at which seismic moment accumulates for potentially hazardous faults of the San Andreas Fault System (SAFS). To quantify rates of seismic moment accumulation, GNSS and InSAR data were used to constrain surface deformation rates of a 4D viscoelastic deformation model that incorporates rheological
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S‐velocity mantle structure of East Asia from teleseismic traveltime tomography: Inferred mechanisms for the Cenozoic intraplate volcanoes J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Yong‐Woo Kim; Sung‐Joon Chang; Michael Witek; Jieyuan Ning; Jingchong Wen
Clusters of Cenozoic volcanoes are found in Korea and Northeast China away from plate boundaries, but the mechanisms responsible for their formation is still unknown. To resolve this issue, we derive an S‐wave velocity model of the upper mantle structure beneath East Asia using 131,947 S‐wave relative traveltimes from 974 earthquakes recorded at 1,948 seismic stations in China, Korea, Taiwan, and Japan
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Wave propagation in infinituple‐porosity media J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 Lin Zhang; Jing Ba; José M. Carcione
The fractal texture (or fabric) of porous media, which supports fluid flow at different scales, is the main cause of wave anelasticity (dispersion and attenuation) on a wide range of frequencies. To model this phenomenon, we develop a theory of wave propagation in a fluid saturated infinituple‐porosity media containing inclusions at multiple scales, based on the differential effective medium (DEM)
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Permanent Co‐seismic Deformation of the 2013 Mw7.7 Baluchistan, Pakistan Earthquake from High‐resolution Surface Strain Analysis J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 Guo Cheng; William D. Barnhart
Repeated earthquake cycles produce topography, fault damage zones, and other geologic structures along faults. These geomorphic and structural features indicate the presence of co‐seismic permanent (inelastic) surface deformation, yet a long‐standing question in earthquake research is how much of the co‐seismic deformation field is elastic versus inelastic. These questions arise in part because it
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A thermal pulse induced by a Permian mantle plume in the Tarim Basin, Southwest China: Constraints from clumped isotope thermometry and in‐situ calcite U‐Pb dating J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 Fuyun Cong; Jinqiang Tian; Fang Hao; Alexis Licht; Yuchen Liu; Zicheng Cao; John M. Eiler
High burial temperature and a lack of material for traditional thermal proxies significantly impede the understanding of the thermal history of carbonate stratigraphic sequences in deep time. Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry interpreted through models of solid‐state isotopic reordering and in‐situ U‐Pb dating provides a new methodology for reconstructing thermal histories of such successions.
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Linking the Siberian flood basalts and giant Ni‐Cu‐PGE sulfide deposits at Norilsk J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 Zhuo‐sen Yao; James E. Mungall
The world‐class magmatic sulfide deposits in the Norilsk region exhibit a remarkable spatial and temporal association with the Siberian large igneous province (LIP). However, the details of the causal connection between the Siberian LIP and the ore deposits have remained contentious. Here we address the problem by modeling of assimilation, crystallization and flow behavior of magmas based on aggregated
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A Normalized Distance Test for co‐determining the completeness magnitude and b‐value of earthquake catalogs J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 A.M. Lombardi
The spatial‐temporal variations of b‐value in the Gutenberg‐Richter’s relation are understood as stress meter and premonitory indicator of strong events. The characterization of the Gutenberg‐Richter’s relation is complicated by the difficulty of identifying the completeness magnitude Mc, since its inaccurate estimate may lead to biased conclusions on b‐value. Therefore, many methods have been proposed
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Bookshelf Kinematics and the Effect of Dilatation on Fault Zone Inelastic Deformation: Examples from Optical Image Correlation Measurements of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 Christopher Milliner; Andrea Donnellan; Saif Aati; Jean‐Philippe Avouac; Robert Zinke; James F. Dolan; Kang Wang; Roland Bürgmann
The 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence initiated on July 4th with a series of foreshocks, including a Mw 6.4 event, that culminated a day later with the Mw 7.1 mainshock and resulted in rupture of a set of cross‐faults. Here we use sub‐pixel correlation of optical satellite imagery to measure the displacement, finite strain and rotation of the near‐field coseismic deformation to understand the kinematics
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Variations in the seismogenic thickness of East Africa J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 T.J. Craig; J.A. Jackson
The well‐established variation in the depth of earthquakes along both branches of the East African Rift System offers an opportunity to probe the controls on the depth‐extent of seismogenesis, and the length‐scales over which this may vary. We present an updated compilation of well‐determined earthquake depths from teleseismic and regional seismic data for the East African Rift System, combined with
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Analysis of Spatially Distributed Fracture Attributes: Normalized Lacunarity Ratio J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Ankur Roy; Edmund Perfect; Tapan Mukerji
Most fracture data analysis techniques for attributes such as dip and aperture, treat the attributes independently of their respective spatial locations. A power‐law cumulative frequency for fracture apertures, for example, tells us nothing about their spatial distribution. Lacunarity is a technique for analyzing multi‐scale binary and non‐binary data and is ideally suited for analysis that relates
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Limits and Benefits of the Spatial Autocorrelation Microtremor Array Method Due to the Incoherent Noise, With Special Reference to the Analysis of Long Wavelength Ranges J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 I. Cho; T. Iwata
To examine the upper limit of the analyzable wavelength ranges (upper limit wavelength, ULW) of the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method in microtremor surveys, we have derived a formula evaluating stochastic errors of a phase velocity estimate obtained by the SPAC method. We then followed our previous paper to evaluate biases generated in a phase velocity estimate that come from the presence of the
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Deep‐Learning‐Based Inverse Modeling Approaches: A Subsurface Flow Example J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2020-12-30 Nanzhe Wang; Haibin Chang; Dongxiao Zhang
Deep‐learning has achieved good performance and demonstrated great potential for solving forward and inverse problems. In this work, two categories of innovative deep‐learning‐based inverse modeling methods are proposed and compared. The first category is deep‐learning surrogate‐based inversion methods, in which the Theory‐guided Neural Network (TgNN) is constructed as a deep‐learning surrogate for
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Magma‐fluid interactions beneath Akutan Volcano in the Aleutian Arc based on the results of local earthquake tomography J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Ivan Koulakov; Viktoria Komzeleva; Sergey Z. Smirnov; Svetlana B. Bortnikova
Akutan Island hosts a volcano considered as one of most active in the Aleutian Arc. We build a new tomography model including the 3D distributions of the Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs ratio based on arrival time data from more than 4000 local earthquakes recorded by 13 seismic stations. In this model, we reveal a columnar anomaly of high Vp, low Vs and high Vp/Vs ratio with a top boundary at a depth of ∼6 km below
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Genetic Relations Between the Aves Ridge and the Grenada Back‐Arc Basin, East Caribbean Sea J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2020-12-18 Clément Garrocq; Serge Lallemand; Boris Marcaillou; Jean‐Frédéric Lebrun; Crelia Padron; Frauke Klingelhoefer; Mireille Laigle; Philippe Münch; Aurélien Gay; Laure Schenini; Marie‐Odile Beslier; Jean‐Jacques Cornée; Bernard Mercier de Lépinay; Frédéric Quillévéré; Marcelle BouDagher‐Fadel;
The Grenada Basin separates the active Lesser Antilles Arc from the Aves Ridge, described as a Cretaceous‐Paleocene remnant of the “Great Arc of the Caribbean.” Although various tectonic models have been proposed for the opening of the Grenada Basin, the data on which they rely are insufficient to reach definitive conclusions. This study presents, a large set of deep‐penetrating multichannel seismic
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B‐Positive: A Robust Estimator of Aftershock Magnitude Distribution in Transiently Incomplete Catalogs J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Nicholas J. van der Elst
The earthquake magnitude‐frequency distribution is characterized by the b‐value, which describes the relative frequency of large versus small earthquakes. It has been suggested that changes in b‐value after an earthquake can be used to discriminate whether that earthquake is part of a foreshock sequence or a more typical mainshock‐aftershock sequence, with a decrease in b‐value heralding a larger earthquake
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Deep Structure of the Grenada Basin From Wide‐Angle Seismic, Bathymetric and Gravity Data J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2020-12-18 Crelia Padron; Frauke Klingelhoefer; Boris Marcaillou; Jean‐Frédéric Lebrun; Serge Lallemand; Clément Garrocq; Mireille Laigle; Walter R Roest; Marie‐Odile Beslier; Laure Schenini; David Graindorge; Aurelien Gay; Franck Audemard; Philippe Münch;
The Grenada back‐arc basin is located between the Aves Ridge, which hosted the remnant Early Paleogene “Great Caribbean Arc,” and the Eocene to Present Lesser Antilles Arc. Several earlier studies have proposed different modes of back‐arc opening for this basin, including N‐S and E‐W directions. The main aim of this study is to constrain the circumstances leading to the opening of the basin. Three
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New Evidence for the Fluctuation Characteristics of Intradecadal Periodic Signals in Length‐Of‐Day Variation J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 Hao Ding; Yachong An; Wenbin Shen
The intradecadal fluctuations in the length‐of‐day variation (∆LOD) are considered likely to play an important role in core motions. Two intradecadal oscillations, with ∼5.9 and ∼8.5 years periods (referred to as SYO and EYO, respectively), have been detected in previous studies. However, whether the SYO and the EYO have exhibited stable damping trends since 1962 and whether geomagnetic jerks are possible
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Statistical Correlation Analysis Between Thermal Infrared Anomalies Observed From MTSATs and Large Earthquakes Occurred in Japan (2005–2015) J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 N. Genzano; C. Filizzola; K. Hattori; N. Pergola; V. Tramutoli
The literature often reports space–time relations between the abnormal variations of different kinds of nonseismological (i.e., geophysical, geochemical, and atmospheric) parameters and the occurrence of earthquakes. The integration of such observations with seismological ones could improve the quality of the seismic hazard assessment in the medium‐short term (months to days). Each considered parameter
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An Integrated Paleomagnetic, Multimethod‐Paleointensity, and Radiometric Study on Cretaceous and Paleogene Lavas From the Lesser Caucasus: Geomagnetic and Tectonic Implications J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2020-12-25 M. Calvo‐Rathert; M. F. Bógalo; J. Morales; A. Goguitchaichvili; V. A. Lebedev; G. Vashakidze; N. García‐Redondo; E. Herrero‐Bervera
Sixteen rhyolitic and dacitic Cretaceous and Paleocene‐Eocene lavas from the Lesser Caucasus have been subjected to paleomagnetic and multimethod paleointensity experiments to analyze the variations of the Earth's magnetic field. Paleointensity experiments were performed with two methods. Thellier‐type experiments with the IZZI method on 65 specimens (nine flows) yielded 15 successful determinations
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Inferring Interseismic Coupling Along the Lesser Antilles Arc: A Bayesian Approach J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2020-12-29 E. M. van Rijsingen; E. Calais; R. Jolivet; J.‐B. de Chabalier; J. Jara; S. Symithe; R. Robertson; G. A. Ryan
The Lesser Antilles subduction zone is a challenging region when it comes to unraveling its seismogenic behavior. Over the last century, the subduction megathrust has been seismically quiet, with no large thrust event recorded, which raises the question whether this subduction zone is able to produce large interplate earthquakes or not. However, two historical earthquakes in the 19th century, a M 7–8
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Hales Discontinuity in the Southern Indian Continental Lithosphere: Seismological and Petrological Models J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Jashodhara Chaudhury; Supriyo Mitra; Tapabrato Sarkar
We model the depth and Vs structure of the Hales discontinuity (H‐D) beneath Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) using P wave receiver function (P‐RF) analysis and joint inversion with Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion. We calculate P‐RFs at higher frequency (fmax = 0.46 Hz), compared to previous studies, to show that the H‐D P‐to‐S converted phase (Phs) is distinct
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Explosive Submarine Eruptions: The Role of Condensable Gas Jets in Underwater Eruptions J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2020-12-25 R. C. Cahalan; J. Dufek
In explosive submarine eruptions, volcanic jets transport fragmented tephra and exsolved gases from the conduit into the water column. Upon eruption the volcanic jet mixes with seawater and rapidly cools. This mixing and associated heat transfer ultimately determines whether steam present in the jet will completely condense or rise to breach the sea surface and become a subaerial hazard. We develop
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Marine Vertical Gravity Gradients Reveal the Global Distribution and Tectonic Significance of “Seesaw” Ridge Propagation J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Hugh Harper; Brook Tozer; David T. Sandwell; Richard N. Hey
The segmentation of mid‐ocean ridges is a defining characteristic of seafloor spreading, yet some tectonic processes operating at segment boundaries remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze new satellite‐derived vertical gravity gradient (VGG) data, which reveal an abundance of off‐axis seafloor features that are oblique to ridges and transform faults and thus reflect the occurrence of ridge propagation
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A Multiscale Numerical Modeling Investigation on the Significance of Flow Partitioning for the Development of Quartz c‐Axis Fabrics J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Ankit Bhandari; Dazhi Jiang
Quartz c‐axis fabrics in natural mylonites can vary to such an extent that they apparently give opposite senses of shear in a single thin section. Many hypotheses have been invoked to explain this. Here, we couple our self‐consistent multiscale approach for flow partitioning with the viscoplastic self‐consistent model for c‐axis fabric simulation to investigate quartz c‐axis fabric development. Quartz
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Validation of a Multilayered Analog Model Integrating Crust‐Mantle Visco‐Elastic Coupling to Investigate Subduction Megathrust Earthquake Cycle J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Yannick Caniven; Stéphane Dominguez
We have developed a scaled analog model of a subduction zone simulating seismic cycle deformation phases. Its rheology is based on multilayered visco‐elasto‐plastic materials to account for the mechanical behavior of a continental lithospheric plate overriding a subducting oceanic plate. The seismogenic zone displays unstable slip behavior, extending at depth into a weak interface with stable slip
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Mapping Stress and Fluids on Faults by Nonshear Earthquakes J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Václav Vavryčuk; Petra Adamová; Jana Doubravová; Yi Ren
Fluids on faults facilitate triggering of earthquakes and affect seismic energy release. Their detection in the focal zone is, however, difficult. Here, we present mapping of stress changes and fluid flow based on determining seismic moment tensors (MTs), which describe focal mechanisms and shear/tensile/compressive fracturing modes of earthquake sources. We calculate highly accurate MTs of 4,500 microearthquakes
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Mechanical Response of Shallow Crust to Groundwater Storage Variations: Inferences From Deformation and Seismic Observations in the Eastern Southern Alps, Italy J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Francesco Pintori; Enrico Serpelloni; Laurent Longuevergne; Alexander Garcia; Licia Faenza; Lucio D'Alberto; Adriano Gualandi; Maria Elina Belardinelli
Changes in continental water storage generate vertical surface deformation, induce crustal stress perturbations, and modulate seismicity rates. However, the degree to which regional changes in terrestrial water content influence crustal stresses and the occurrence of earthquakes remains an open problem. We show how changes in groundwater storage, computed for a ∼1,000 km2 basin, focus deformation in
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The Effect of Pressure on Grain‐Growth Kinetics in Olivine Aggregates With Some Geophysical Applications J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Zhongtian Zhang; Shun‐Ichiro Karato
The effect of pressure on grain‐growth kinetics of olivine was investigated up to 10 GPa at 1773 K under relatively water‐poor conditions. The results are interpreted using a relation to obtain the activation volume = 5.0 ± 1.1 cm3/mol for n = 2 or = 5.2 ± 1.1 cm3/mol for n = 3. The small activation volume means that grain‐growth kinetics in pure olivine aggregates is fast even in the dry deep upper
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Modeling Magma System Evolution During 2006–2007 Volcanic Unrest of Atka Volcanic Center, Alaska J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 Yan Zhan; Patricia M. Gregg; Zhong Lu
Surface deformation and seismicity provide critical information to understand the dynamics of volcanic unrest. During 2006–2007, >80 mm/yr uplift was observed by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) at the central Atka volcanic center, Alaska, coinciding with an increasing seismicity rate. On November 25, 2006, a phreatic eruption occurred at the Korovin volcanic vent, 5‐km north of the
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Evaluating global tomography models with antipodal ambient noise cross‐correlation functions J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-15 Jun Xie; Risheng Chu; Sidao Ni
It is essential to evaluate global tomography models, which provide important information for understanding Earth’s structure and dynamics. Long period surface waves propagating between antipodal stations are good candidates for this purpose since they depend on global‐scale velocity variations in the upper mantle. In this study, we extract minor‐ and major‐arc Rayleigh waves from ambient noise cross‐correlations
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EVALUATING THE FORMATION PRESSURE OF DIAMOND‐HOSTED MAJORITIC GARNETS; A MACHINE LEARNING MAJORITE BAROMETER J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-15 AR Thomson; SC Kohn; A Prabhu; MJ Walter
Diamond‐hosted majoritic garnet inclusions provide unique insights into the Earth's deep, and otherwise inaccessible, mantle. Compared with other types of mineral inclusions found in sub‐lithospheric diamonds, majoritic garnets can provide the most accurate estimates of diamond formation pressures because laboratory experiments have shown that garnet chemistry varies strongly as a function of pressure
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Shedding new light on an enigmatic end member of back‐arc spreading: The structure of the Grenada Basin in the Lesser Antilles J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-15 R. W. Allen
As one of only two subduction zones to consume slow‐spreading Atlantic oceanic crust, and with one of the slowest convergence rates of any subduction system globally, the Lesser Antilles arc is an important endmember on the subduction spectrum. Back‐arc spreading is observed at many subduction zones. Yet, despite fulfilling many of the geodynamic requirements for spreading, the tectonic processes which
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The 2004‐05 Mt. Etna compound lava flow field: a retrospective analysis by combining remote and field methods J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-14 Alessandro Fornaciai; Daniele Andronico; Massimiliano Favalli; Letizia Spampinato; Stefano Branca; Luigi Lodato; Alessandro Bonforte; Luca Nannipieri
Mapping lava flows frequently during effusive eruptions provides crucial parameters to better understand their dynamics, in turn improving our ability to model lava flow behavior. New photogrammetric methods have recently been developed, shifting the paradigm of photogrammetry from pure method to a multidisciplinary approach able to reduce the cost of volcanic monitoring and widen the potential spectrum
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Near Trench 3D Seismic Attenuation Offshore Northern Hikurangi subduction margin, North Island, New Zealand J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-14 J. S. Nakai; A. F. Sheehan; R. E. Abercrombie; D. Eberhart‐Phillips
We image seismic attenuation near the Hikurangi trench offshore New Zealand, using ocean bottom and land‐based seismometers, revealing high attenuation above a recurring shallow slow‐slip event and within the subducting Hikurangi Plateau. The Hikurangi subduction margin east of the North Island, New Zealand is the site of frequent shallow slow slip events. Overpressured fluids are hypothesized to lead
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Seismic imaging of the crust beneath Arunachal Himalaya J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-13 Arun Singh; Dipankar Saikia; M. Ravi Kumar
We present the first high‐resolution seismic images of the crust beneath the Arunachal Himalaya, using 22,525 high quality teleseismic Receiver Functions(RFs). Data from 32 broadband seismic stations deployed in the Arunachal Himalaya during 2010‐2016 is used for this purpose. In addition, data from the HIMNT, SIKKIM, Hi‐CLIMB and GANSSER networks are used to investigate along strike variations in
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New Insights Into the Slip Budget at Nankai: An Iterative Approach to Estimate Coseismic Slip and Afterslip J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 E. M. Sherrill; K. M. Johnson
The slip budget at a subduction zone megathrust is met by a spectrum of slip behaviors including coseismic slip from great earthquakes, afterslip, episodic tremor and slip (ETS), long‐term slow slip events (SSEs), and quasisteady interseismic creep. Long‐term geodetic monitoring at the Nankai subduction zone in southwest Japan has recorded deformation observations spanning nearly a complete earthquake
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Airborne geophysical imaging of weak zones on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska: Implications for slope stability J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 Dana E. Peterson; Carol A. Finn; Paul A. Bedrosian
Water‐saturated, hydrothermally altered rocks reduce the strength of volcanic edifices and increase the potential for sector collapses and far‐traveled mass flows of unconsolidated debris. Iliamna Volcano is an andesitic stratovolcano located on the western side of the Cook Inlet, ∼225 km southwest of Anchorage and is a source of repeated avalanches. The widespread snow and ice cover on Iliamna Volcano
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Calcium stable isotopes of Tonga and Mariana arc lavas: Implications for slab fluid‐mediated carbonate transfer in cold subduction zones J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 Xia Wang; Zaicong Wang; Yongsheng Liu; Jung‐Woo Park; Jonguk Kim; Ming Li; Zongqi Zou
Carbonation of oceanic lithosphere occurs widely during seawater alteration, and subducted carbonated oceanic lithosphere may play a key role in carbon recycling in subduction zones. Here we investigate the Ca isotopic composition of arc lavas from the Tonga rear arc and Mariana arc, western Pacific, to explore the effect of fluid‐mediated carbonate transfer in subduction zones. Fresh basalts (0.84
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Indicators of Volcanic Eruptions Revealed by Global M4+ Earthquakes J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 J. D. Pesicek; S. O. Ogburn; S. G. Prejean
Determining whether seismicity near volcanoes is due primarily to tectonic or magmatic processes is a challenging but critical endeavor for volcanic eruption forecasting and detection, especially at poorly monitored volcanoes. Global statistics on the occurrence and timing of earthquakes near volcanoes both within and outside of eruptive periods reveal patterns in eruptive seismicity that may improve
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Density of Fe‐Ni‐C liquids at high pressures and implications for liquid cores of Earth and the Moon J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 Feng Zhu; Xiaojing Lai; Jianwei Wang; George Amulele; Yoshio Kono; Guoyin Shen; Zhicheng Jing; Murli H. Manghnani; Quentin Williams; Bin Chen
The presence of light elements in the metallic cores of the Earth, the Moon, and other rocky planetary bodies has been widely proposed. Carbon is among the top candidates in light of its high cosmic abundance, siderophile nature, and ubiquity in iron meteorites. It is, however, still controversial whether carbon‐rich core compositional models can account for the seismic velocity observations within
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Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation beneath the central Sunda plate J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 Wenkai Song; Youqiang Yu; Stephen S. Gao; Kelly H. Liu; Yifang Fu
The central Sunda plate, which forms the core of Southeast Asia, has been extensively studied based on analyses of data mainly from surface geological observations. In contrast, largely due to the limited coverage by seismic stations in the area, a number of key issues associated with mantle structure and dynamics remain enigmatic. These can possibly be constrained by investigating seismic azimuthal
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Authigenic iron sulphides indicate sea‐level change on the continental shelf: An illustration from the East China Sea J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-02-11 Jianxing Liu; Xuefa Shi; Qingsong Liu; Shengfa Liu; Yan Liu; Qiang Zhang; Xiaoxiao Yu; Xisheng Fang; Yonghua Wu; Taoyu Xu; Jinhua Li
Although sea‐level is the primary control over sedimentary architectures on continental shelves, deciphering such changes is still challenging, except for the easily recognized transgression‐regression cycles. This problem becomes more prominent in sedimentary units with relatively homogenous and fine‐grained lithologies that have been deposited over short periods. Here, we focus on a dominantly clayey
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Elastogravity Waves and Dynamic Ground Motions in the Korean Peninsula Generated by the March 11, 2011 MW9.0 Tohoku‐Oki Megathrust Earthquake J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Tae‐Kyung Hong; Ilgoo Kim; Seongjun Park; Dongwoo Kil
The mass dislocations caused by large coseismic slips in megathrust earthquakes are large enough to produce elastogravity waves. Despite, successful identification of elastogravity‐wave development during megathrust earthquakes, the nature of ground motions and hazard potentials in regional and teleseismic distances remains unknown. The dynamic ground motions from the March 11, 2011 MW9.0 Tohoku‐Oki
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Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for Southeast Coast of Chinese Mainland and Taiwan Island J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Ye Yuan; Hongwei Li; Yong Wei; Fengyan Shi; Zongchen Wang; Jingming Hou; Peitao Wang; Zhiguo Xu
A Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) study on the Chinese Mainland and the Taiwan Island was conducted. Characterized by broad and shallow continental shelves, the offshore region along Chinese Mainland's east coast yields a significant nonlinear effect and bottom friction to the propagating long waves. To address these shallow‐water effects, a fully nonlinear Boussinesq model was used
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Growth of Collisional Orogens From Small and Cold to Large and Hot—Inferences From Geodynamic Models J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Sebastian G. Wolf; Ritske S. Huismans; Josep‐Anton Muñoz; Magdalena Ellis Curry; Peter van der Beek
It is well documented that the interplay between crustal thickening and surface processes determines growth of continent‐continent collision orogens from small and cold to large and hot. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that the structural style of a mountain belt is strongly influenced by inherited (extensional) structures, the pattern of erosion and deposition, as well as the distribution
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Statistics and Forecasting of Aftershocks During the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Robert Shcherbakov
The 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence represents a complex pattern of seismicity that is characterized by the occurrence of a well‐defined foreshock sequence followed by a mainshock and subsequent aftershocks. In this study, a detailed statistical analysis of the sequence is performed. Particularly, the parametric modeling of the frequency‐magnitude statistics and the earthquake occurrence
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Rheology of the Fluid Oversaturated Fault Zones at the Brittle‐Plastic Transition J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Keishi Okazaki; Eric Burdette; Greg Hirth
Large earthquakes and slow slip events typically nucleate along plate boundaries near the depth limit of the seismogenic zone, which is also recognized as the brittle‐plastic transition zone (BPT). High Vp/Vs ratios are commonly observed at the BPT in subduction zones, indicating the presence of aqueous fluid in pore spaces. We conducted experiments to investigate the rheology of quartz with different
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Postseismic Deformation due to the 2012 M w 7.8 Haida Gwaii and 2013 M w 7.5 Craig Earthquakes and its Implications for Regional Rheological Structure J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Zhen Tian; Jeffrey T. Freymueller; Zhiqiang Yang
Observations of ∼7 years of postseismic deformation following the 2012 M w 7.8 Haida Gwaii and 2013 M w 7.5 Craig earthquakes in western British Columbia and southeastern Alaska provides insight into the regional rheologic structure and seismological hazards. A stress‐driven afterslip‐only model cannot alone explain rates or spatial patterns of the far field and later stage postseismic deformation
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Constraints on the Geometry of the Subducted Gorda Plate From Converted Phases Generated by Local Earthquakes J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.638) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Jianhua Gong; Jeffrey J. McGuire
The largest slip in great megathrust earthquakes often occurs in the 10–30 km depth range, yet seismic imaging of the material properties in this region has proven difficult. We utilize a dense onshore‐offshore passive seismic dataset from the southernmost Cascadia subduction zone where seismicity in the mantle of the subducted Gorda Plate produces S‐to‐P and P‐to‐S conversions generated within a few
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