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Hydrologic Extremes in a Changing Climate: a Review of Extremes in East Africa Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Meron Teferi Taye, Ellen Dyer
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Global Review of Modification, Optimization, and Improvement Models for Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment in the Era of Climate Change Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-06
Abstract Purpose of Review This review aims to examine the methods used to date in assessing aquifer vulnerability over the last three decades (1993-2023). In addition to a comprehensive review of prior AVA research, the novelty of this study lies in its specific focus on these methods and their application to the widely used DRASTIC and GALDIT models. We particularly emphasize statistical analysis
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Monitoring and Modeling Non-Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from the Arctic Boreal Zone Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Kyle A. Arndt, Josh Hashemi, Susan M. Natali, Luke D. Schiferl, Anna-Maria Virkkala
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Uncertainty and Climate Change Adaptation: a Systematic Review of Research Approaches and People’s Decision-Making Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2023-02-17 Mar Moure, Jette Bredahl Jacobsen, Carsten Smith-Hall
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The Promise of Private-Sphere Pro-environmental Behavior as Climate Action Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2022-11-07 Amanda R. Carrico
Purposeof Review This piece situates research on pro-environmental behavior within broader discussions about climate policy and action. I discuss factors associated with the adoption of pro-environmental behavior, as well as methodological limitations that should be addressed in future work. Recent Findings Individual behavior drives a large proportion of total emissions, and lifestyle characteristics
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Assessing Methane Emissions From the Natural Gas Industry: Reviewing the Case of China in a Comparative Framework Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2022-10-18 Xi Yang, Yiying Gao, Mingzhe Zhu, Cecilia Springer
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Accelerating Pathways to Net Zero: Governance Strategies from Transition Studies and the Transition Accelerator Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2022-08-20 Daniel Rosenbloom, James Meadowcroft
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Beyond Climate Isolationism: a Necessary Shift for Climate Justice Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2022-08-18 Jennie C. Stephens
Purpose of Review This review explores how more transformative climate policies are emerging arguing that such policies require decision-makers to move beyond the dominant, narrow technocratic lens that I call climate isolationism. Recent Findings Climate isolationism refers to the common framing of climate change as an isolated, discrete, scientific problem in need of technological solutions. Stemming
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The Role of Remaining Carbon Budgets and Net-Zero CO2 Targets in Climate Mitigation Policy Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 M. Dickau, H. D. Matthews, K. B. Tokarska
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Feasibility and Effectiveness Assessment of Multi-Sectoral Climate Change Adaptation for Food Security and Nutrition Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2022-07-13 M. C. Tirado, J. L. Vivero-Pol, R. Bezner Kerr, K. Krishnamurthy
Purpose of Review This review aims to identify the evidence for the assessment of the effectiveness and feasibility of multi-sectoral climate adaptation for food security and malnutrition. This review and the assessments of the evidence inform the contents and confidence statements in section “multi-sectoral adaptation for malnutrition” and in the Executive Summary of the IPCC AR6 WGII Chapter 7: Health
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The Potential of Peatlands as Nature-Based Climate Solutions Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-13 Maria Strack, Scott J. Davidson, Takashi Hirano, Christian Dunn
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Can Science-Based Targets Make the Private Sector Paris-Aligned? A Review of the Emerging Evidence Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2022-04-27 Anders Bjørn, Joachim Peter Tilsted, Amr Addas, Shannon M. Lloyd
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Precipitation Extremes and Water Vapor Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2022-02-05 J. David Neelin, Cristian Martinez-Villalobos, Samuel N. Stechmann, Fiaz Ahmed, Gang Chen, Jesse M. Norris, Yi-Hung Kuo, Geert Lenderink
Purpose of Review: Review our current understanding of how precipitation is related to its thermodynamic environment, i.e., the water vapor and temperature in the surroundings, and implications for changes in extremes in a warmer climate. Recent Findings: Multiple research threads have i) sought empirical relationships that govern onset of strong convective precipitation, or that might identify how
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Extreme Convection vs. Extreme Rainfall: a Global View Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Edward J. Zipser, Chuntao Liu
Purpose of Review There is concern that extreme weather events may become stronger, more frequent, or both as the climate changes. This paper seeks more clarity in defining different types of extreme storms, and the global distribution of each type. Recent Findings Detailed case studies of specific events over the United States are revealing but the only way to document such occurrences globally is
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Climate Sensitivity and Ecoclimate Sensitivity: Theory, Usage, and Past Implications for Future Biospheric Responses Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2022-01-24 John W. Williams, Brian Huntley, Alistair W. R. Seddon
Two usages of ‘climate sensitivity’ co-exist: one climatological and one ecological. The earlier climatological usage quantifies the sensitivity of global mean surface temperature to atmospheric CO2, with formal variants differing by timescale and processes. The ecological usage, renamed here as ecoclimate sensitivity, is defined as a change in an ecological response variable per unit climate change
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Land Use Effects on Climate: Current State, Recent Progress, and Emerging Topics Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2021-12-27 Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Selma Bultan, Wolfgang Obermeier, Felix Havermann, Suqi Guo
Purpose of Review As demand for food and fiber, but also for negative emissions, brings most of the Earth’s land surface under management, we aim to consolidate the scientific progress of recent years on the climatic effects of global land use change, including land management, and related land cover changes (LULCC). Recent Findings We review the methodological advances in both modeling and observations
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Advances in Land Surface Modelling Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2021-05-11 Eleanor M. Blyth, Vivek K. Arora, Douglas B. Clark, Simon J. Dadson, Martin G. De Kauwe, David M. Lawrence, Joe R. Melton, Julia Pongratz, Rachael H. Turton, Kei Yoshimura, Hua Yuan
Land surface models have an increasing scope. Initially designed to capture the feedbacks between the land and the atmosphere as part of weather and climate prediction, they are now used as a critical tool in the urgent need to inform policy about land-use and water-use management in a world that is changing physically and economically. This paper outlines the way that models have evolved through this
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A Systematic Review of the Development and Validation of the Heat Vulnerability Index: Major Factors, Methods, and Spatial Units Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2021-04-27 Yanlin Niu, Zhichao Li, Yuan Gao, Xiaobo Liu, Lei Xu, Sotiris Vardoulakis, Yujuan Yue, Jun Wang, Qiyong Liu
Purpose of review This review aims to identify the key factors, methods, and spatial units used in the development and validation of the heat vulnerability index (HVI) and discuss the underlying limitations of the data and methods by evaluating the performance of the HVI. Recent findings Thirteen studies characterizing the factors of the HVI development and relating the index with validation data were
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Moisture Mode Theory’s Contribution to Advances in our Understanding of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Other Tropical Disturbances Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2021-03-19 Ángel F. Adames, Eric D. Maloney
Purpose of Review Our understanding of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and other tropical motion systems has significantly improved in recent years. This article reviews the contribution of moisture mode theory to this progress. Recent Findings Two realizations have contributed significantly to our understanding of the MJO: (1) Free tropospheric water vapor plays an important role in the occurrence
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Synthesis of Indicators, Datasets, and Frameworks Available to Establish Resilience and Adaptation Indicators: Case Study of Chesapeake Bay Region, USA Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2021-02-15 Melissa A. Kenney, Michael D. Gerst
Adaptation planning and evaluation is challenging because adaptation is occurring on complex systems that are not completely understood. Though assessment is more straightforward for single projects, the larger question often asked is whether multiple adaptation actions, developed by different actors and for different purposes, are making a region more resilient. One way to comprehensively assess adaptation
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The Arctic Carbon Cycle and Its Response to Changing Climate Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 Lori Bruhwiler, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Patrick Crill, Mark Leonard, Paul I. Palmer
Purpose of Review The Arctic has experienced the most rapid change in climate of anywhere on Earth, and these changes are certain to drive changes in the carbon budget of the Arctic as vegetation changes, soils warm, fires become more frequent, and wetlands evolve as permafrost thaws. In this study, we review the extensive evidence for Arctic climate change and effects on the carbon cycle. In addition
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Trait-Based Modeling of Terrestrial Ecosystems: Advances and Challenges Under Global Change Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Xiangtao Xu, Anna T. Trugman
Purpose of Review We summarize the general structure of modern terrestrial ecosystem models and investigate how advances in trait-based modeling approaches help to better constrain predictions for ecosystem sensitivity to global change. Recent Findings In ecosystem models, empirical parameters are increasingly being replaced with plant physiological trait-based parameters, which can be directly measured
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Frontiers in Climate Change Adaptation Science: Advancing Guidelines to Design Adaptation Pathways Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Alexandre K. Magnan, E. Lisa F. Schipper, Virginie K. E. Duvat
Purpose of Review This paper discusses three scientific frontiers that need to be advanced in order to support decision-makers and practitioners in charge of operational decisions and action on the design and implementation of concrete adaptation policies and actions. These frontiers refer to going beyond the (1) incremental vs. transformational and (2) maladaptation vs. adaptation dichotomies and
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Author Correction: Resolving and Parameterising the Ocean Mesoscale in Earth System Models Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Helene T. Hewitt, Malcolm Roberts, Pierre Mathiot, Arne Biastoch, Ed Blockley, Eric P. Chassignet, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Pat Hyder, David P. Marshall, Ekaterina Popova, Anne-Marie Treguier, Laure Zanna, Andrew Yool, Yongqiang Yu, Rebecca Beadling, Mike Bell, Till Kuhlbrodt, Thomas Arsouze, Alessio Bellucci, Fred Castruccio, Bolan Gan, Dian Putrasahan, Christopher D. Roberts, Luke Van Roekel, Qiuying Zhang
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the Acknowledgements section.
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Resolving and Parameterising the Ocean Mesoscale in Earth System Models Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 Helene T. Hewitt, Malcolm Roberts, Pierre Mathiot, Arne Biastoch, Ed Blockley, Eric P. Chassignet, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Pat Hyder, David P. Marshall, Ekaterina Popova, Anne-Marie Treguier, Laure Zanna, Andrew Yool, Yongqiang Yu, Rebecca Beadling, Mike Bell, Till Kuhlbrodt, Thomas Arsouze, Alessio Bellucci, Fred Castruccio, Bolan Gan, Dian Putrasahan, Christopher D. Roberts, Luke Van Roekel, Qiuying Zhang
Purpose of Review Assessment of the impact of ocean resolution in Earth System models on the mean state, variability, and future projections and discussion of prospects for improved parameterisations to represent the ocean mesoscale. Recent Findings The majority of centres participating in CMIP6 employ ocean components with resolutions of about 1 degree in their full Earth System models (eddy-parameterising
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Treatment of International Economic Trade in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Reports Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Jackie Dawson, Jean Holloway, Nathan Debortoli, Elisabeth Gilmore
Purpose of the Review Climate change presents significant risks to the international trade and supply chain systems with potentially profound and cascading effects for the global economy. A robust international trade system may also be central to managing future climate risks. Here, we assess the treatment (or lack thereof) of trade in a selection of recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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Should Sea-Ice Modeling Tools Designed for Climate Research Be Used for Short-Term Forecasting? Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-09-26 Elizabeth Hunke, Richard Allard, Philippe Blain, Ed Blockley, Daniel Feltham, Thierry Fichefet, Gilles Garric, Robert Grumbine, Jean-François Lemieux, Till Rasmussen, Mads Ribergaard, Andrew Roberts, Axel Schweiger, Steffen Tietsche, Bruno Tremblay, Martin Vancoppenolle, Jinlun Zhang
In theory, the same sea-ice models could be used for both research and operations, but in practice, differences in scientific and software requirements and computational and human resources complicate the matter. Although sea-ice modeling tools developed for climate studies and other research applications produce output of interest to operational forecast users, such as ice motion, convergence, and
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Tracking Improvement in Simulated Marine Biogeochemistry Between CMIP5 and CMIP6. Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-08-18 Roland Séférian,Sarah Berthet,Andrew Yool,Julien Palmiéri,Laurent Bopp,Alessandro Tagliabue,Lester Kwiatkowski,Olivier Aumont,James Christian,John Dunne,Marion Gehlen,Tatiana Ilyina,Jasmin G John,Hongmei Li,Matthew C Long,Jessica Y Luo,Hideyuki Nakano,Anastasia Romanou,Jörg Schwinger,Charles Stock,Yeray Santana-Falcón,Yohei Takano,Jerry Tjiputra,Hiroyuki Tsujino,Michio Watanabe,Tongwen Wu,Fanghua Wu
Purpose of ReviewThe changes or updates in ocean biogeochemistry component have been mapped between CMIP5 and CMIP6 model versions, and an assessment made of how far these have led to improvements in the simulated mean state of marine biogeochemical models within the current generation of Earth system models (ESMs). Recent FindingsThe representation of marine biogeochemistry has progressed within the
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Implementing Pre-Emptive Managed Retreat: Constraints and Novel Insights Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-07-03 Judy Lawrence, Jonathan Boston, Robert Bell, Sam Olufson, Rick Kool, Matthew Hardcastle, Adolf Stroombergen
Purpose of ReviewManaged retreat will be inevitable where other adaptation options, such as protective structures or building restrictions, provide only temporary respite or are otherwise uneconomic, technically impractical or both. Here, we focus on the implementation of pre-emptive managed retreat, providing examples of how it can be sequenced, socialised and given the governance enablers necessary
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Data Assimilation Improves Estimates of Climate-Sensitive Seasonal Snow Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-05-15 Manuela Girotto, Keith N. Musselman, Richard L. H. Essery
As the Earth warms, the spatial and temporal response of seasonal snow remains uncertain. The global snow science community estimates snow cover and mass with information from land surface models, numerical weather prediction, satellite observations, surface measurements, and combinations thereof. Accurate estimation of snow at the spatial and temporal scales over which snow varies has historically
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Changing Degree of Convective Organization as a Mechanism for Dynamic Changes in Extreme Precipitation. Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-05-04 Angeline G Pendergrass
Purpose of ReviewWhat does recent work say about how changes in convective organization could lead to changes in extreme precipitation? Recent FindingsChanging convective organization is one mechanism that could explain variation in extreme precipitation increase through dynamics. In models, the effects of convective self-aggregation on extreme precipitation are sensitive to parameterization, among
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When Climate Turns Nasty, What Are Recent and Future Implications? Ecological and Human Health Review of Climate Change Impacts Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 Ayansina Ayanlade, Consolato M. Sergi, Paola Di Carlo, Oluwatoyin S. Ayanlade, Damilola T. Agbalajobi
Purpose of ReviewThe impacts of climate change on biodiversity in the last three decades have increasingly assumed from significant to threatening proportions and this causes major global concerns. This study aims at examining the recent and future impacts of global climate change on both ecological resources and human well-being. This review study is based on the general concept of ecological resilience:
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Finding the Fingerprint of Anthropogenic Climate Change in Marine Phytoplankton Abundance Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-03-27 Geneviève W. Elsworth, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Karen A. McKinnon, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Riley X. Brady
Purpose of ReviewWe review how phytoplankton abundance may be responding to the increase in stratification associated with anthropogenic climate change, providing context on the utility of remote sensing datasets and Earth system model output to understand these perturbations. Recent FindingsAssessing disruption in the ocean biosphere using remote sensing datasets is challenged by the relatively short
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Extratropical Influence on the Tropical Rainfall Distribution Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-03-03 Sarah M. Kang
Purpose of ReviewThis review focuses on recent progress in understanding the extratropical influence on the annual- and zonal-mean intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) position using a hierarchy of model simulations and theory. Recent FindingsSignificant progress in our theoretical understanding of the zonal-mean ITCZ position has been made utilizing simulations with a slab ocean. Interhemispheric
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Migration and Household Adaptation in Climate-Sensitive Hotspots in South Asia Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-02-19 Amina Maharjan, Ricardo Safra de Campos, Chandni Singh, Shouvik Das, Arjun Srinivas, Mohammad Rashed Alam Bhuiyan, Sultan Ishaq, Muhammad Awais Umar, Tanzina Dilshad, Krity Shrestha, Suruchi Bhadwal, Tuhin Ghosh, Natalie Suckall, Katharine Vincent
Purpose of ReviewSouth Asia is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, owing to the high dependency on climate-sensitive livelihoods and recurrent extreme events. Consequently, an increasing number of households are adopting labour migration as a livelihood strategy to diversify incomes, spread risks, and meet aspirations. Under the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa
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Paying a Price of Climate Change: Who Pays for Managed Retreats? Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2020-02-18 Ilan Noy
Purpose of ReviewManaged retreats are an important climate change adaptation tool. They seek the relocation of communities due to perceptions that they are already exposed to undue levels of risk or will become exposed to high risk in the near future because of climate change. Here, we focus on the economics of managed retreats and specifically focus on the question of who pays or may pay for these
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Regional Climate Impacts of Future Changes in the Mid–Latitude Atmospheric Circulation: a Storyline View Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-28 Giuseppe Zappa
Purpose of ReviewAtmospheric circulation exerts a strong control on regional climate and extremes. However, projections of future circulation change remain uncertain, thus affecting the assessment of regional climate change. The purpose of this review is to describe some key cases where regional precipitation and windiness strongly depend on the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation response to warming
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Indo-Pacific Climate Modes in Warming Climate: Consensus and Uncertainty Across Model Projections Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-25 Xiao-Tong Zheng
Purpose of ReviewUnderstanding the changes in climate variability in a warming climate is crucial for reliable projections of future climate change. This article reviews the recent progress in studies of how climate modes in the Indo-Pacific respond to greenhouse warming, including the consensus and uncertainty across climate models. Recent FindingsRecent studies revealed a range of robust changes
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Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks Operating in the Climate System Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-22 Richard G. Williams, Anna Katavouta, Philip Goodwin
Climate change involves a direct response of the climate system to forcing which is amplified or damped by feedbacks operating in the climate system. Carbon-cycle feedbacks alter the land and ocean carbon inventories and so act to reduce or enhance the increase in atmospheric CO2 from carbon emissions. The prevailing framework for carbon-cycle feedbacks connect changes in land and ocean carbon inventories
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Mechanisms of Future Predicted Changes in the Zonal Mean Mid-Latitude Circulation Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-21 Tiffany A. Shaw
State-of-the-art climate models predict the zonal mean mid-latitude circulation will undergo a poleward shift and seasonally and hemispherically dependent intensity changes in the future. Here I review the mechanisms put forward to explain the zonal mean mid-latitude circulation response to increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. The mechanisms are grouped according to their thermodynamic starting
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Northern Hemisphere Stationary Waves in a Changing Climate Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-21 Robert C. J. Wills, Rachel H. White, Xavier J. Levine
Purpose of ReviewStationary waves are planetary-scale longitudinal variations in the time-averaged atmospheric circulation. Here, we consider the projected response of Northern Hemisphere stationary waves to climate change in winter and summer. We discuss how the response varies across different metrics, identify robust responses, and review proposed mechanisms. Recent FindingsClimate models project
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The Future of Midlatitude Cyclones Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-15 Jennifer L. Catto, Duncan Ackerley, James F. Booth, Adrian J. Champion, Brian A. Colle, Stephan Pfahl, Joaquim G. Pinto, Julian F. Quinting, Christian Seiler
Purpose of ReviewThis review brings together recent research on the structure, characteristics, dynamics, and impacts of extratropical cyclones in the future. It draws on research using idealized models and complex climate simulations, to evaluate what is known and unknown about these future changes. Recent FindingsThere are interacting processes that contribute to the uncertainties in future extratropical
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Climate Models as Guidance for the Design of Observing Systems: the Case of Polar Climate and Sea Ice Prediction Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 François Massonnet
Purpose of reviewThe Arctic and Antarctic are among the regions most exposed to climate change, but ironically, they are also the ones for which the least observations are available. Climate models have been instrumental in completing the big picture. It is generally accepted that observations feed the development of climate models: parameterizations are designed based on empirically observed relationships
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Amplification of Waveguide Teleconnections in the Boreal Summer Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-06 Haiyan Teng, Grant Branstator
Purpose of ReviewWhile the influence of climate change on mid-latitude atmospheric circulation remains uncertain, hypotheses based on linear waveguide dynamics have been proposed suggesting amplification of circumglobal quasi-stationary Rossby wave events, which may have led to persistent and high-impact extremes in recent boreal summers. It is thus useful to synthesize these hypotheses and to discuss
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Simulating the Midlatitude Atmospheric Circulation: What Might We Gain From High-Resolution Modeling of Air-Sea Interactions? Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-11-04 A. Czaja, C. Frankignoul, S. Minobe, B. Vannière
Purpose of ReviewTo provide a snapshot of the current research on the oceanic forcing of the atmospheric circulation in midlatitudes and a concise update on previous review papers. Recent FindingsAtmospheric models used for seasonal and longer timescales predictions are starting to resolve motions so far only studied in conjunction with weather forecasts. These phenomena have horizontal scales of ~
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Emergent Constraints on Climate-Carbon Cycle Feedbacks Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-09-10 Peter M. Cox
Purpose of ReviewFeedbacks between CO2-induced climate change and the carbon cycle are now routinely represented in the Earth System Models (ESMs) that are used to make projections of future climate change. The inconclusion of climate-carbon cycle feedbacks in climate projections is an important advance, but has added a significant new source of uncertainty. This review assesses the potential for emergent
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The Pacific Meridional Mode and ENSO: a Review Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-09-04 Dillon J. Amaya
Purpose of ReviewThis paper reviews recent progress in understanding of the North Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM) and its influence on the timing, magnitude, flavor, and intensity of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Recent FindingsThe NPMM is a seasonally evolving mode of coupled climate variability and features several distinct opportunities to influence ENSO. They include: (1) A Wind-Evaporation-SST
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Snow and Climate: Feedbacks, Drivers, and Indices of Change Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-08-31 Chad W. Thackeray, Chris Derksen, Christopher G. Fletcher, Alex Hall
Purpose of ReviewHighlight significant developments that have recently been made to enhance our understanding of how snow responds to climate forcing and the role that snow plays in the climate system. Recent FindingsWidespread snow loss has occurred in recent decades, with the largest decreases in spring. These changes are primarily driven by temperature and precipitation, but changes in vegetation
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On the Causes and Consequences of Recent Trends in Atmospheric Methane Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-08-22 Hinrich Schaefer
Purpose of ReviewTo investigate which processes cause the current increase in atmospheric methane in the context of future interactions between climate change, the methane cycle and policy decisions. Recent FindingsThere is evidence for various contributors to emission increases or reduced removal of atmospheric methane. No single process can explain the methane rise and remain consistent with available
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Author Correction: Self-Aggregation of Deep Convection and its Implications for Climate Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-07-12 Allison A. Wing
The original version of this article contained a mistake. In the recently published paper, “Self-Aggregation of Deep Convection and its Implications for Climate”, there was an error in Eq. 1, as a “+” was inadvertently dropped before the final portion of the equation.
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Theories for Past and Future Monsoon Rainfall Changes Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-06-25 Spencer A. Hill
Purpose of ReviewLong-standing biases in simulations of past and present climate states and climate model disagreement even in sign of future monsoon rainfall changes evince limitations in our theoretical understanding. Recent FindingsThe dominant theoretical paradigms for understanding monsoon rainfall—convective-quasi equilibrium (CQE), the moist static energy (MSE) budget, and monsoons as local
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ENSO Diversity from an Atmospheric Perspective Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-06-24 Yuko M. Okumura
Purpose of ReviewThe El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon exhibits considerable diversity in the amplitude, pattern, and temporal evolution. The processes causing ENSO diversity are reviewed with focus on the role of atmospheric feedback. Recent FindingsDue to the zonal and meridional asymmetry in tropical Pacific climate, atmospheric response to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is
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The Eurasian Jet Streams as Conduits for East Asian Monsoon Variability Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-06-10 Jasti S. Chowdary, Kaiming Hu, G. Srinivas, Yu Kosaka, Lin Wang, K. Koteswara Rao
Purpose of ReviewThis article gives a brief review on how the jet streams over the Eurasian continent influence the East Asian monsoon on intraseasonal to interdecadal time scales and discusses the seasonal predictability and change. Recent FindingsThe wave train along the Eurasian jet streams is found to be crucial for East Asian monsoon variability. Interaction of the upper-level Rossby wave train
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Aquaplanet Simulations of Tropical Cyclones Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-06-08 Timothy M. Merlis, Isaac M. Held
Purpose of ReviewTropical cyclones (TCs) are strongly influenced by the large-scale environment of the tropics and will, therefore, be modified by climate changes. Numerical simulations designed to understand the sensitivities of TCs to environmental changes have typically followed one of two approaches: single-storm domain sizes with convection-permitting resolution and uniform thermal boundary conditions
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Current and Future Variations of the Monsoons of the Americas in a Warming Climate Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-06-07 Salvatore Pascale, Leila M. V. Carvalho, David K. Adams, Christopher L. Castro, Iracema F. A. Cavalcanti
Purpose of ReviewUnderstanding the details of the impact of global warming on the North and South America monsoons is of key importance for the well-being of a great number of inhabitants of the Americas. This review deals with the latest research on this topic. Recent FindingsCombined multiple datasets, high-resolution global climate models and regional convection–permitting models provide new insights
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Convection and Climate: What Have We Learned from Simple Models and Simplified Settings? Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-06-06 Dennis L. Hartmann, Peter N. Blossey, Brittany D. Dygert
Purpose of ReviewWe ask what fundamental insights about the relationship of tropical convection to climate have arisen from recent investigations using simplified models. Recent FindingsThe vertical distribution of relative humidity should remain approximately constant in a changed climate. The temperature of clouds in the upper troposphere should also remain effectively constant for climate changes
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Carbon Cycling in Global Drylands Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-05-29 Rattan Lal
Purpose of ReviewThe aim of this paper is to describe the carbon cycle in drylands in relation to the processes, factors, and causes affecting it. A specific focus is placed on both biotic and abiotic mechanisms of carbon sequestration in drylands in relation to mitigation of the anthropogenic climate change. Recent FindingsGlobal dryland area is increasing along with an increase in risks of desertification
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Global Cloud-Resolving Models Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-05-17 Masaki Satoh, Bjorn Stevens, Falko Judt, Marat Khairoutdinov, Shian-Jiann Lin, William M. Putman, Peter Düben
Purpose of ReviewGlobal cloud-resolving models (GCRMs) are a new type of atmospheric model which resolve nonhydrostatic accelerations globally with kilometer-scale resolution. This review explains what distinguishes GCRMs from other types of models, the problems they solve, and the questions their more commonplace use is raising. Recent FindingsGCRMs require high-resolution discretization over the
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Contemporary Climate Change of the African Monsoon Systems Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-05-17 Kerry H. Cook, Edward K. Vizy
Purpose of ReviewOur current understanding of current climate change in the West African, East African, and Congo Basin monsoon systems is reviewed. The detection of observed trends, the analysis of the physical processes of change, and model projections are discussed. Recent FindingsAn increase in Sahel precipitation has been associated with a summer intensification and northward shift of the West
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Observing Changes in Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Our Autonomous Future. Curr. Clim. Change Rep. (IF 9.5) Pub Date : 2019-05-07 Seth M Bushinsky,Yuichiro Takeshita,Nancy L Williams
Purpose of ReviewWe summarize recent progress on autonomous observations of ocean carbonate chemistry and the development of a network of sensors capable of observing carbonate processes at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Recent FindingsThe development of versatile pH sensors suitable for both deployment on autonomous vehicles and in compact, fixed ecosystem observatories has been a major development