Purpose of Review

Managed retreat will be inevitable where other adaptation options, such as protective structures or building restrictions, provide only temporary respite or are otherwise uneconomic, technically impractical or both. Here, we focus on the implementation of pre-emptive managed retreat, providing examples of how it can be sequenced, socialised and given the governance enablers necessary for implementation.

Recent Findings

Ongoing sea-level rise during the twenty-first century and beyond poses huge adaptation challenges, especially for low-lying coastal and floodplain settlements. Settlements are already functionally disrupted from repetitive non-extreme flooding and research shows that sea-level rise will impact far more people, far sooner than previously thought, as more powerful storms, heavy rainfall and rising groundwater coincide with higher tides. To date, most examples of managed retreat have been post-disaster responses following damage and disruption. Pre-emptive managed retreat, by contrast, has yet to become a well-accepted and widely practised adaptation response. Nevertheless, there are increasing examples of research and practice on how pre-emptive managed retreat can be designed, sequenced and implemented alongside other forms of adaptation within anticipatory forms of governance.

Summary

The current state of knowledge about managed retreat is reviewed and critical insights and lessons for governance and policy-making are given. Several novel examples from New Zealand are presented to address some of the implementation gaps. Goals and principles are enunciated to inform long-term adaptation strategies.

中文翻译：

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实施先发制人的务虚会：约束和新颖见解

审查目的

如果其他适应措施（例如保护性建筑或建筑物限制）只能暂时缓解或在其他方面不经济，技术上不可行或两者兼而有之，则必须采取撤退措施。在这里，我们重点介绍先发制人管理务虚会的实施，并举例说明如何对其进行排序，社交化并提供实施所必需的治理要素。

最近的发现

在二十一世纪及其后，持续的海平面上升带来了巨大的适应挑战，特别是对于低洼的沿海和洪泛区定居点。反复的非极端洪水已经破坏了居住区的功能，研究表明，海平面上升将影响更多的人，比以前想象的要早得多，因为更强大的风暴，暴雨和地下水位上升与潮汐同时发生。迄今为止，大多数管理撤退的例子都是破坏和破坏后的灾后响应。相比之下，先发制人的有管理的务虚会尚未成为一种被广泛接受和广泛接受的适应反应。不过，关于如何设计先发制人的务虚会的研究和实践案例越来越多，。

概要

审查了有关撤退管理的当前知识状态，并提供了有关治理和决策的重要见解和经验教训。介绍了新西兰的一些新颖实例，以解决一些实施方面的差距。阐明了目标和原则以指导长期适应策略。