Inorganic geochemistry is a powerful tool in paleolimnology. It has become one of the most commonly used techniques to analyze lake sediments, particularly due to the development and increasing availability of XRF core scanners during the last two decades. It allows for the reconstruction of the continuous processes that occur in lakes and their watersheds, and it is ideally suited to identify event

The early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (Jenkyns Event) was associated with major world-wide climatic changes with profound effects on the global carbon cycle. This review revisits the available literature covering the Jenkyns Event applying an updated common stratigraphic definition, allowing illustration of the development and evolution of anoxia in the Alpine-Mediterranean Tethys, north African

The Himalayan orogen is an archetype of collisional orogens built by the continental collision between India and Asia in the Cenozoic, and it has been a natural laboratory for studying the tectonic evolution of continental collision zones. Various tectonic models have been proposed to interpret the formation and evolution of the Himalayan orogen. However, these models were primarily based on local

Mammals rose to prominence in terrestrial ecosystems after the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction, but the mammalian lineages characteristic of Paleogene faunas began their evolutionary and ecological diversification in the Late Cretaceous, stimulated by the rise of angiosperms (flowering plants) according to the preeminent hypothesis. The Cretaceous rise of mammals is part of a larger expansion

The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, particularly hydrogen, has emerged as a central strategy for decarbonization and the pursuit of net-zero carbon emissions. Meeting the demand for large-scale hydrogen storage, a crucial component of the hydrogen supply chain, has led to the exploration of underground hydrogen storage as an economically viable solution to global energy needs

Marine siliceous deposits of cherts are known to have formed since the Archean and reflect the biogeochemical Si cycle, comprising the burial of Si in sediments during diagenesis. The actualistic assumption of biological control over the Si cycle was outlined in the seminal models of Si evolution in Earth history sketched by Maliva et al. (1989), Maliva and Siever, 1989a, Maliva and Siever, 1989b and

Aerosols are important atmospheric constituents with significant impacts on both regional air quality and the global climate and environment. Aerosol effects on radiation, clouds and precipitation are strongly related to the optical properties of aerosols, which vary considerably in space and time. This study reviewed the current understanding of the optical and radiative properties of aerosols and

Cloud properties over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and their underlying dynamics play a crucial role in the energy balance and regional water cycle of the climate system. In this review, we assess the progress in observational methods and model simulations of cloud macro- and micro-physical properties over the TP since the 1960s. We summarize the spatiotemporal patterns of cloud distribution and the main

The timing, kinematics, and geodynamic evolution of the India-Asia continental collision are crucial to understanding the geological and geomorphological evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. However, the debate over how and when the collision occurred persists due to disputes concerning the reliability of paleomagnetic data obtained on both sides of the suture zone. This paper presents a comprehensive

By interpretations related to energy, elementary land surface segmentation can be treated as a physical problem. Many pieces of such a view found in the literature can be combined into a synthetic comprehensive physical approach. The segmentation has to be preceded by defining the character and size of searched units to result from the segmentation. A high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) is

Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution, magmatic activities, and sedimentary sequences are fundamental in understanding the transition from the dispersing of Rodinian continents to the assemblage of Gondwana and simultaneously supply crucial evidence for the global climate–environment change, i.e., from the Snowball Earth to a habitable Earth. In this contribution, we comprehensively synthesize the well-preserved

Mercury (Hg) records in marine and terrestrial archives across the Cretaceous/Paleocene (K/Pg) boundary were examined as a proxy for Deccan Large Igneous Province (LIP) eruptions. We examined no less than twenty-six key sections/boreholes that are globally distributed, and show that Hg values have a log-normal distribution. The data have a similar trend to that across other major extinction boundaries

Understanding and modeling the elastic and anisotropic responses of organic shale is crucial for interpreting sonic and seismic data, and hence play a vital role in many fields of Earth and Energy science such as hydrocarbon source rock evaluation, reservoir characterization of unconventional shale plays, cap rock assessment for geological storage of CO2 and nuclear waste disposal. The thermal maturity

Freshwater is an essential resource for human life; however, its future availability is of ongoing concern due to the impacts of climate change, industry, and population pressures. Freshwater mollusc sclerochronology regularly contributes to questions of direct relevance to the future sustainability of this resource, as well as the conservation of endangered freshwater mollusc species, and its relationship

Although less than 7% of the continental crust with the ages older than 2.5 Ga is preserved today, the long-lived continental crust can be served as a long-term archive, unravelling the Earth history back at least 4.4 Ga. The North China Craton (NCC) is one of antique cratons on Earth, containing with oldest continental material traced back to Hadean (4.1 Ga). Archean rocks are extensively exposed

The Early Triassic was an interval characterized by frequent, large global carbon isotope excursions (CIEs), multiple and widespread anoxic phases, and generally high but fluctuating temperatures. In order to comprehensively understand their inter-relationship, we have investigated the Yiwagou section from the little-known Qinling shelf sea, at the eastern corner of Paleo-Tethys, and evaluated the

Diatom records in tropical settings have been used to appraise paleomonsoons throughout the Quaternary period due to their ubiquitous presence, rapid response, and preservation in sediments. Despite this, diatoms have been rarely used to assess the Asian monsoonal climate. As the Asian monsoon comprises the Indian and East Asian subsystems, it plays a significant role in global hydrological and energy

The Hongcheon-Chuncheon areas located in the northern Gyeonggi Massif on the Korean Peninsula consist of Neoarchean (ca. 2.61–2.49 Ga) and middle Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.09 Ga) metagranitoids, the Euiam Gneiss Complex (ca. 1.89–1.87 Ga), and metasedimentary units, including the Yongduri Gneiss Complex and Euiam Group. The Neoarchean metagranitoids intruded at ca. 2.61–2.49 Ga and underwent polymetamorphism

Geological characteristics, trace element geochemistry, and Re–Os dating of molybdenite are presented and discussed for seven Cu and Mo porphyry, one Cu skarn-porphyry and two Mo and Mo–W greisen deposits. Re contents in molybdenite are discussed versus ore mineralogy, molybdenite polytypes, formation temperature, and whole rock chemistry of parental rocks. They are also evaluated in the light of the

Glacial depositions are widely discovered in the late Ediacaran strata all over the world, but the temporal and spatial distributions of the Ediacaran glaciations remain poorly constrained, preventing our further understanding of the nature and consequence of this ice age. In this study, we reviewed the global Ediacaran glacial depositions, the environmental changes, and biological evolution during

Flared or concave bedrock slopes have been interpreted as two-stage landforms that were initiated and developed by etching during physicochemical weathering in the subsurface, and then exposed as a result of the erosional stripping of a weathered mantle or sediment overburden. Quaternary examples of flared slopes have been found in situ in the shallow subsurface at sites on Eyre Peninsula and elsewhere

Soil erosion causes worldwide land degradation. Long-term monitoring of soil erosion is costly and labor-intensive. Multiple models using 137Cs fallout are developed to retrospectively estimate average soil erosion rates since 1954. However, these models have not been rigorously validated due to the lack of compatible long-term measured soil loss data, and thus their usefulness has been seriously questioned

The Archean Anshan Complex (AAC) in northeastern China is one of the best-preserved ca. 3.8 Ga outcrops worldwide, which are key to understanding the evolution of the early Earth. In this study, we carried out 1:10,000 geological mapping and integrated this with published whole-rock geochemical, zircon U–Pb age, and O–Nd–Hf–W isotopic data, along with new zircon U–Pb and Si–O isotopic data. We used

During the first billion years of Earth's history (4.6–3.6 Ga), geological events such as accretion, differentiation, and impacts played a crucial role in directing Earth towards a habitable planet. Crustal rocks formed in the first billion years cover only a few parts per million of the current Earth's surface area but could provide a glimpse into early Earth processes. To date, ten sites have been

Meandering rivers are complex systems that support high rates of biodiversity and the livelihoods of millions of inhabitants through their ecological services. Meandering rivers are often located in remote locations and cover long distances. As a result, observational satellites are crucial for investigating and monitoring meandering river dynamics. Satellite remote sensing technology is responsible

In this article, volcanic lakes that have shown sedimentological evidence of limnic eruptions (i.e., Nyos-type gas bursts) are reviewed. Indeed, to better assess “Nyos-type lakes” related hazards, paleolimnology offers a promising tool to trace the evidence of potential ancient Nyos-type gas explosions. After gas bursts from Lakes Monoun and Nyos in 1984 and 1986, respectively, multiple paleolimnological

Geological carbon storage (GCS) in deep saline aquifers can potentially lessen the detrimental environmental effects of carbon dioxide (CO2). However, the long-term viability of a GCS project depends on preventing CO2 leakage through caprock, which is typically shale. The most crucial petro-physical factors in assessing the containment security of shale-caprock are the wettability and interfacial tension

The interactions between clay minerals and organic matter, specifically adsorption, are widely recognized as a crucial mechanism for promoting the preservation of organic matter within sedimentary environments. This paper discusses the genesis and adsorption of clay minerals, especially their influence on the process of organic matter enrichment in sedimentary environments. The composition of clay

There have long been controversies over the extrusion mechanism of the Sundaland block in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau in response to the tectonic convergence between the Indian and Eurasian plates. In this study, we focus on macro- and micro- structural and kinematic analysis, timing of shearing, and thermal history reconstruction of several typical metamorphic complexes in the southeastern Tibetan

Multiphase flow and reactive transport are two essential physicochemical processes that govern the effectiveness of geological carbon sequestration (GCS). The interaction and feedback among different phases and components during intricate physicochemical processes hold great significance in understanding CO2 sequestration. Pore-scale simulations can account for multiphase flow and reactive transport

Hydrogen is expected to play a key role in the future as a clean energy source that can mitigate global warming. It can also contribute significantly to reducing the imbalance between energy supply and demand posed by deploying renewable energy. However, the infrastructure is not ready for the direct use of hydrogen, and large-scale storage facilities are needed to store the excess hydrogen production

Madagascar's vertebrate fauna is the result of an intricate biogeographic history not considered in the models developed to explain colonization on other islands. For 80 years popular opinion has held that most of Madagascar's terrestrial vertebrate fauna arrived via transoceanic dispersal (i.e., by rafting or swimming), chiefly from Africa. The alternative solution of recurrent uplifts of a land bridge

Craton is an important geological unit of the continental lithosphere, which can provide significant information about the Earth's geological history, especially, composition, structure and evolution of continental lithosphere. Magnetotellurics (MT) is a useful tool to image the composition and structure of continental lithosphere because electrical conductivity is sensitive to temperature, bulk composition

The 2020 extreme rainfall was highly unusual with episodes of intensive rains and winds from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley to southern Japan. Given the severe implications and huge forecast spread among different models, the extreme Mei-yu has aroused widespread concern. This study is aimed at synthesizing the latest research on the characteristics and potential climate forcing

Canada is one of the most important diamonds producers in the world despite the first diamond mine opening relatively recently in 1998 in the Slave craton. Given the increasing economic and scientific interest towards Canadian diamonds, an investigation of their geochemical and petrological properties was needed to better understand their genesis. A detailed review is given of all available petrological

A study of calcareous algae from the late Viséan to Serpukhovian interval in basins from the western margin of Palaeotethys (basins located currently in Western Europe and Northern Africa) shows varied responses in terms of palaeoecological diversity, specimen abundance, genus richness and taxonomic distinctness for the low-latitude basins. Algal associations are more similar in cratonic areas, although

Global reconstructions, inclusive of environments and ecosystems, and biodiversity counts for the Devonian Period are often done so at the expense of high latitude regions given a historical lack of data presented from these areas. This has bearing on the recognition of biocrises (events marked by extinctions and faunal turnovers) at high latitudes as well as their controls and potential correlation

The present-day configuration of the Lesser Caucasus and Eastern Pontides regions has been shaped by multiple episodes of arc magmatism, opening and closure of oceanic domains, obductions and collisions from the Paleozoic (∼350–310 Ma) to Cenozoic (∼50–20 Ma). This fascinating magmatic and tectonic evolution along these two adjacent regions was also associated with an exceptional metal endowment in

At the end of the Eocene, the demise of the Tethys Ocean led to the formation of one of the largest anoxic seas in the last 50 million years of Earth history. This long-lived anoxic water body, named Paratethys, covered large parts of central Eurasia and functioned as a major carbon sink for 15-20 million years, characterised by the deposition of cherts, anoxic turbidites and black shales. The anoxic

A tectono-stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental comparison between Sardinia and the coeval surrounding chains allowed to identify and characterize several Alpine-age tectonic events in Sardinia developing from Late Cretaceous to Early Miocene times. This was accomplished through the analysis of new data and the reinterpretation of old ones. Sedimentation and paleogeography were considered. During the

Permian–Triassic rocks of the Transantarctic Basin provide an unparalleled record of high latitude paleoenvironments and terrestrial vertebrate faunas. Here we summarize the taxonomic and paleoecological implications of the approximately 1300 vertebrate fossils collected since 1968, as well as report on new geologic field observations made during the 2017–18 austral field season. The Fremouw Formation

Geologically, the arcuate double chain of islands and volcanoes forming the Banda arcs of eastern Indonesia is an emerging orogen created by the dynamic interaction and opposition of the Sunda, Philippine Sea and Australia plates. Additional complexity resulted from the sporadic breakup of Gondwana that fragmented the northern margin of the New Guinea-Australia (NGA) continent and caused crustal blocks

Baltica, in the core of the supercontinent Nuna, comprises Fennoscandia, Sarmatia and Volgo-Uralia. We develop a tectonic model of Paleoproterozoic Fennoscandia based on stratigraphic correlations of 2.5–2.0 Ga cover sequences and a shield-wide recognition of the main 1.93–1.70 Ga D1–D6 deformation events. Rifting of the combined proto-Karelia–Kola continent is recorded by the 2.51–2.49 Ga Mistassini

Abstract not available

Natural gas hydrate deposits (NGHD) have been investigated for decades and represent one of the major methane reservoirs on Earth. They are encountered in sediment of both the continental margins and the permafrost region; areas considered to host amongst the most climate-sensitive ecosystems on Earth. With worldwide temperature increases affecting continental margins and the permafrost, it is important

There is a paradox in the relationship between bedload transport rates and flow variables: laboratory and field studies have reported on how bedload transport rates depend on flow variables through a power law, but none of the empirical laws fitted to the data has managed to provide accurate predictions of bedload transport over a wide range of flow conditions. Inferring bedload transport's scaling

Lacustrine dolomite has received considerable attention during the last twenty years due to its scientific and high economic value in conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Compilation of lacustrine dolomite in deep time can help to clarify the hydrochemical conditions in which dolomite was formed. In deep time, lacustrine dolomite facies can be divided into two categories: i) lake-marginal

Urban evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important components of water and energy balance, and carbon cycle in urbans. It is also a natural process that is powerful enough to possibly mitigate the negative effects caused by urbanization and global warming. Increasing or regulating urban ET could possibly be a solution to overcome the negative impacts caused by urbanization and global warming

Silicate weathering is critical to global carbon cycle and climate change, and has attracted considerable attention in Earth science studies. Chemical weathering intensity evaluation and paleoclimatic reconstruction based on siliciclastic sediment composition analysis are popular topics. However, chemical weathering signals are difficult to be accurately extracted from sediment compositions due to

Oceanic de‑oxygenation is considered to have been an important kill mechanism contributing to the latest Permian mass extinction and subsequent protracted recovery of marine biotas, but its extent, magnitude, and related controlling factors remain controversial. Here, we undertake a synthesis and reevaluation of previously published Fe-S-P-N data to better understand spatial and temporal variation

IODP Expedition 352 drilled four sites in the Bonin outer forearc, providing a detailed record of lava eruption and dike emplacement during a short-lived (<2 Ma) seafloor spreading event that took place immediately after the initiation of Pacific Plate subduction at c. 52.5 Ma. This spreading produced up to 120 km of oceanic lithosphere with a structure analogous to that of a supra-subduction zone

The Cenozoic rise of the Tibetan Plateau has caused a thorough reorganization of the eastern Asia river network. Unravelling the still unclear evolution of the Red River, formerly a larger paleoriver system, represents one essential step towards a better understanding of the interaction between climate and mountain building in this extremely tectonically active region of the Earth. We here present

Potential temporal and causal connections among various geologic events have long been discussed in the geological literature. More recently, signs of common periodicities in these episodes have been reported. In this study of correlation and cyclicity of geologic occurrences, we review and synthesize previous work, and utilize the newest data for various major events over the the last 260 My. These

We present a new high-resolution cyclostratigraphic age model assembled from paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic (anhysteretic remanent magnetization, ARM, and magnetic susceptibility, χ) data for 926 cm of 1150 cm of measured section spanning Shattuck bio-lithozones 10–15 of the Calvert and Choptank formations exposed at the Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA. The age model provides a framework for testing