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In This Issue Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 39, September 2024.
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Distribution of centrality measures on undirected random networks via the cavity method Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Silvia Bartolucci, Fabio Caccioli, Francesco Caravelli, Pierpaolo Vivo
The Katz centrality of a node in a complex network is a measure of the node’s importance as far as the flow of information across the network is concerned. For ensembles of locally tree-like undirected random graphs, this observable is a random variable. Its full probability distribution is of interest but difficult to handle analytically because of its “global” character and its definition in terms
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Halofilins as emerging bactofilin families of archaeal cell shape plasticity orchestrators Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Zachary Curtis, Pedro Escudeiro, John Mallon, Olivia Leland, Theopi Rados, Ashley Dodge, Katherine Andre, Jasmin Kwak, Kun Yun, Berith Isaac, Mar Martinez Pastor, Amy K. Schmid, Mechthild Pohlschroder, Vikram Alva, Alex Bisson
Bactofilins are rigid, nonpolar bacterial cytoskeletal filaments that link cellular processes to specific curvatures of the cytoplasmic membrane. Although homologs of bactofilins have been identified in archaea and eukaryotes, functional studies have remained confined to bacterial systems. Here, we characterize representatives of two families of archaeal bactofilins from the pleomorphic archaeon Haloferax
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Proteins required for stereocilia elongation during mammalian hair cell development ensure precise and steady heights during adult life Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Elli I. Hartig, Matthew Day, Amandine Jarysta, Basile Tarchini
The hair bundle, or stereocilia bundle, is the mechanosensory compartment of hair cells (HCs) in the inner ear. To date, most mechanistic studies have focused on stereocilia bundle morphogenesis, and it remains unclear how this organelle critical for hearing preserves its precise dimensions during life in mammals. The GPSM2–GNAI complex occupies the distal tip of stereocilia in the tallest row and
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Paracrine FGF1 signaling directs pituitary architecture and size Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Konstantin Khetchoumian, Kevin Sochodolsky, Chrystel Lafont, Arthur Gouhier, Amandine Bemmo, Yacine Kherdjemil, Marie Kmita, Paul Le Tissier, Patrice Mollard, Helen Christian, Jacques Drouin
Organ architecture is established during development through intricate cell–cell communication mechanisms, yet the specific signals mediating these communications often remain elusive. Here, we used the anterior pituitary gland that harbors different interdigitated hormone-secreting homotypic cell networks to dissect cell–cell communication mechanisms operating during late development. We show that
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Proteomic and phosphoproteomic landscape of localized prostate cancer unveils distinct molecular subtypes and insights into precision therapeutics Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Zengming Wang, Haolan Yu, Wei Bao, Min Qu, Yan Wang, Liandong Zhang, Xubing Liu, Chen Liu, Miaoxia He, Jing Li, Zhenyang Dong, Yun Zhang, Bo Yang, Jianguo Hou, Chuanliang Xu, Linhui Wang, Xin Li, Xu Gao, Chenghua Yang
Building upon our previous investigation of genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic profiles of prostate cancer in China, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles of 82 tumor tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues from 41 Chinese patients with localized prostate cancer. We identified three distinct proteomic subtypes with significant difference in both molecular
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Optical conductivity of the Majorana mode at the s - and d -wave topological superconductor edge Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Lina Johnsen Kamra, Bo Lu, Jacob Linder, Yukio Tanaka, Naoto Nagaosa
The Majorana fermion offers fascinating possibilities such as non-Abelian statistics and nonlocal robust qubits, and hunting it is one of the most important topics in current condensed matter physics. Most of the efforts have been focused on the Majorana bound state at zero energy in terms of scanning tunneling spectroscopy searching for the quantized conductance. On the other hand, a chiral Majorana
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Light-field tomographic fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Yayao Ma, Jongchan Park, Luzhe Huang, Chandani Sen, Samuel Burri, Claudio Bruschini, Xilin Yang, Qi Cui, Robert B. Cameron, Gregory A. Fishbein, Brigitte N. Gomperts, Aydogan Ozcan, Edoardo Charbon, Liang Gao
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful imaging technique that enables the visualization of biological samples at the molecular level by measuring the fluorescence decay rate of fluorescent probes. This provides critical information about molecular interactions, environmental changes, and localization within biological systems. However, creating high-resolution lifetime maps using
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Accurate prediction of discontinuous crack paths in random porous media via a generative deep learning model Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Yuxiang He, Yu Tan, Mingshan Yang, Yongbin Wang, Yangguang Xu, Jianghong Yuan, Xiangyu Li, Weiqiu Chen, Guozheng Kang
Pore structures provide extra freedoms for the design of porous media, leading to desirable properties, such as high catalytic rate, energy storage efficiency, and specific strength. This unfortunately makes the porous media susceptible to failure. Deep understanding of the failure mechanism in microstructures is a key to customizing high-performance crack-resistant porous media. However, solving the
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Total loss of VHL gene function impairs neuroendocrine cancer cell fitness due to excessive HIF2α activity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Muhannad Abu-Remaileh, Nicole S. Persky, Yenarae Lee, David E. Root, William G. Kaelin
Loss-of-function germline von Hippel–Lindau ( VHL ) tumor suppressor mutations cause VHL disease, which predisposes individuals to kidney cancer, hemangioblastomas, and paragangliomas. The risk that a given VHL disease family will manifest some or all these tumor types is profoundly influenced by the VHL allele it carries. For example, almost all VHL disease families that develop paraganglioma have
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Unveiling the DHX15–G-patch interplay in retroviral RNA packaging Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Alžběta Dostálková, Ivana Křížová, Petra Junková, Jana Racková, Marina Kapisheva, Radim Novotný, Matěj Danda, Karolína Zvonařová, Larisa Šinkovec, Kateřina Večerková, Lucie Bednářová, Tomáš Ruml, Michaela Rumlová
We explored how a simple retrovirus, Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) to facilitate its replication process, utilizes DHX15, a cellular RNA helicase, typically engaged in RNA processing. Through advanced genetic engineering techniques, we showed that M-PMV recruits DHX15 by mimicking cellular mechanisms, relocating it from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to aid in viral assembly. This interaction is
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Sensory integration of food and population density during the diapause exit decision involves insulin-like signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Mark G. Zhang, Maedeh Seyedolmohadesin, Soraya Hawk Mercado, Arnaud Tauffenberger, Heenam Park, Nerissa Finnen, Frank C. Schroeder, Vivek Venkatachalam, Paul W. Sternberg
Decisions made over long time scales, such as life cycle decisions, require coordinated interplay between sensory perception and sustained gene expression. The Caenorhabditis elegans dauer (or diapause) exit developmental decision requires sensory integration of population density and food availability to induce an all-or-nothing organismal-wide response, but the mechanism by which this occurs remains
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Asymmetric fluid flow in helical pipes inspired by shark intestines Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Ido Levin, Naroa Sadaba, Alshakim Nelson, Sarah L. Keller
Unlike human intestines, which are long, hollow tubes, the intestines of sharks and rays contain interior helical structures surrounding a cylindrical hole. One function of these structures may be to create asymmetric flow, favoring passage of fluid down the digestive tract, from anterior to posterior. Here, we design and 3D print biomimetic models of shark intestines, in both rigid and deformable
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Local cryptic diversity in salinity adaptation mechanisms in the wild outcrossing Brassica fruticulosa Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Silvia Busoms, Ana C. da Silva, Glòria Escolà, Raziyeh Abdilzadeh, Emma Curran, Anita Bollmann-Giolai, Sian Bray, Michael Wilson, Charlotte Poschenrieder, Levi Yant
It is normally supposed that populations of the same species should evolve shared mechanisms of adaptation to common stressors due to evolutionary constraint. Here, we describe a system of within-species local adaptation to coastal habitats, Brassica fruticulosa, and detail surprising strategic variability in adaptive responses to high salinity. These different adaptive responses in neighboring populations
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Long-term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM 2.5 and mortality in the contiguous United States Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Yiqun Ma, Emma Zang, Yang Liu, Jing Wei, Yuan Lu, Harlan M. Krumholz, Michelle L. Bell, Kai Chen
Despite the substantial evidence on the health effects of short-term exposure to ambient fine particles (PM 2.5 ), including increasing studies focusing on those from wildland fire smoke, the impacts of long-term wildland fire smoke PM 2.5 exposure remain unclear. We investigated the association between long-term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM 2.5 and nonaccidental mortality and mortality from
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Repetition dynamically and rapidly increases cortical, but not hippocampal, offline reactivation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Wangjing Yu, Asieh Zadbood, Avi J. H. Chanales, Lila Davachi
No sooner is an experience over than its neural representation begins to be transformed through memory reactivation during offline periods. The lion’s share of prior research has focused on understanding offline reactivation within the hippocampus. However, it is hypothesized that consolidation processes involve offline reactivation in cortical regions as well as coordinated reactivation in the hippocampus
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Innate face-selectivity in the brain of young domestic chicks Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Dmitry Kobylkov, Orsola Rosa-Salva, Mirko Zanon, Giorgio Vallortigara
Shortly after birth, both naïve animals and newborn babies exhibit a spontaneous attraction to faces and face-like stimuli. While neurons selectively responding to faces have been found in the inferotemporal cortex of adult primates, face-selective domains in the brains of young monkeys seem to develop only later in life after exposure to faces. This has fueled a debate on the role of experience in
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Monitoring surgical nociception using multisensor physiological models Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Sandya Subramanian, Bryan Tseng, Marcela del Carmen, Annekathryn Goodman, Douglas M. Dahl, Riccardo Barbieri, Emery N. Brown
Monitoring nociception, the flow of information associated with harmful stimuli through the nervous system even during unconsciousness, is critical for proper anesthesia care during surgery. Currently, this is done by tracking heart rate and blood pressure by eye. Monitoring objectively a patient’s nociceptive state remains a challenge, causing drugs to often be over- or underdosed intraoperatively
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Inverse modeling of 2010–2022 satellite observations shows that inundation of the wet tropics drove the 2020–2022 methane surge Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Zhen Qu, Daniel J. Jacob, A. Anthony Bloom, John R. Worden, Robert J. Parker, Hartmut Boesch
Atmospheric methane concentrations rose rapidly over the past decade and surged in 2020–2022 but the causes have been unclear. We find from inverse analysis of GOSAT satellite observations that emissions from the wet tropics drove the 2010–2019 increase and the subsequent 2020–2022 surge, while emissions from northern mid-latitudes decreased. The 2020–2022 surge is principally contributed by emissions
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RIPK4 promotes oxidative stress and ferroptotic death through the downregulation of ACSM1 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Jing Zhang, Yuehan Wei, Yangbo Yue, Huike Jiao, Yan Wu, Wan Fu, Keng-Mean Lin, Christopher Lu, Shan Mou, Qing Zhong
One of the most critical axes for cell fate determination is how cells respond to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)—oxidative stress. Extensive lipid peroxidation commits cells to death via a distinct cell death paradigm termed ferroptosis. However, the molecular mechanism regulating cellular fates to distinct ROS remains incompletely understood. Through siRNA against human receptor-interacting
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Structural basis for adhesin secretion by the outer-membrane usher in type 1 pili Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Ryan M. Bitter, Maxwell I. Zimmerman, Brock T. Summers, Jerome S. Pinkner, Karen W. Dodson, Scott J. Hultgren, Peng Yuan
Gram-negative bacteria produce chaperone–usher pathway pili, which are extracellular protein fibers tipped with an adhesive protein that binds to a receptor with stereochemical specificity to determine host and tissue tropism. The outer-membrane usher protein, together with a periplasmic chaperone, assembles thousands of pilin subunits into a highly ordered pilus fiber. The tip adhesin in complex with
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An explanation for the prevalence of XY over ZW sex determination in species derived from hermaphroditism Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Thomas Lesaffre, John R. Pannell, Charles Mullon
The many independent transitions from hermaphroditism to separate sexes (dioecy) in flowering plants and some animal clades must often have involved the emergence of a heterogametic sex-determining locus, the basis of XY and ZW sex determination (i.e., male and female heterogamety). Current estimates indicate that XY sex determination is much more frequent than ZW, but the reasons for this asymmetry
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Hypernetwork modeling and topology of high-order interactions for complex systems Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Li Feng, Huiying Gong, Shen Zhang, Xiang Liu, Yu Wang, Jincan Che, Ang Dong, Christopher H. Griffin, Claudia Gragnoli, Jie Wu, Shing-Tung Yau, Rongling Wu
Interactions among the underlying agents of a complex system are not only limited to dyads but can also occur in larger groups. Currently, no generic model has been developed to capture high-order interactions (HOI), which, along with pairwise interactions, portray a detailed landscape of complex systems. Here, we integrate evolutionary game theory and behavioral ecology into a unified statistical
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Modulation of m 6 A RNA modification by DAP3 in cancer cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Jian Han, Yangyang Song, Jinghe Xie, Vincent Tano, Haoqing Shen, Wei Liang Gan, Larry Ng, Bryan Yik Loong Ng, Vanessa Hui En Ng, Xiaohui Sui, Sze Jing Tang, Leilei Chen
N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) RNA methylation is a prevalent RNA modification that significantly impacts RNA metabolism and cancer development. Maintaining the global m 6 A levels in cancer cells relies on RNA accessibility to methyltransferases and the availability of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Here, we reveal that death associated protein 3 (DAP3) plays a crucial role in preserving
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Migratory birds modulate niche tradeoffs in rhythm with seasons and life history. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Scott W Yanco,Ruth Y Oliver,Fabiola Iannarilli,Ben S Carlson,Georg Heine,Uschi Mueller,Nina Richter,Bernd Vorneweg,Yuriy Andryushchenko,Nyambayar Batbayar,Mindaugas Dagys,Mark Desholm,Batbayar Galtbalt,Andrey E Gavrilov,Oleg A Goroshko,Elena I Ilyashenko,Valentin Yu Ilyashenko,Johan Månsson,Elena A Mudrik,Tseveenmyadag Natsagdorj,Lovisa Nilsson,Sherub Sherub,Henrik Skov,Tuvshintugs Sukhbaatar,Ramunas
Movement is a key means by which animals cope with variable environments. As they move, animals construct individual niches composed of the environmental conditions they experience. Niche axes may vary over time and covary with one another as animals make tradeoffs between competing needs. Seasonal migration is expected to produce substantial niche variation as animals move to keep pace with major
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Snowmelt duration controls red algal blooms in the snow of the European Alps. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Léon Roussel,Marie Dumont,Simon Gascoin,Diego Monteiro,Mathias Bavay,Pierre Nabat,Jade Abdellatif Ezzedine,Mathieu Fructus,Matthieu Lafaysse,Samuel Morin,Eric Maréchal
Algae populate multiple habitats, including snow and ice, where they can form red blooms. These decrease snow albedo, accelerating snowmelt and potentially feeding back on snow and glacier decline caused by climate change. Quantifying this feedback requires the understanding of bloom evolution with climate change. Little, however, is known about the drivers of red snow blooms. Here, we develop an algorithm
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Toward defining the Anthropocene onset using a rapid increase in anthropogenic fingerprints in global geological archives. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Michinobu Kuwae,Yusuke Yokoyama,Stephen Tims,Michaela Froehlich,L Keith Fifield,Takahiro Aze,Narumi Tsugeki,Hideyuki Doi,Yoshiki Saito
One of the remaining issues regarding the Anthropocene is the lack of stratigraphic evidence indicating when the cumulative human pressure from the early Holocene began to fundamentally change the Earth system. Herein, we compile anthropogenic fingerprints from various high-precision-dated proxy records for 137 global sites to determine the age of the unprecedented surge in these records over the last
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PUFAs regulate SREBP1c through phosphorylation of Insig2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Xu Xiao,Peter Tontonoz
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Secret code: Encoding promoters by synonymous codons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Lieve Tchebotarev,Lydia Herzel
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Reply to Wang et al.: Body size and composition are the primary contributors to human thermoregulatory variation by sex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Robert J Brychta,Samuel R LaMunion,Amber B Courville,Marc L Reitman,Aaron M Cypess,Kong Y Chen
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Earlier vasoconstriction in females than males with matched body size and composition in neutral-cool conditions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Faming Wang,Lijuan Wang,Tze-Huan Lei
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Reply to Yu et al.: Atmospheric circulation changes are more important in shaping the aerosol-induced Northeast Pacific warming pattern. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Hai Wang,Xiao-Tong Zheng,Wenju Cai
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Less anthropogenic aerosol indirect effects are a potential cause for Northeast Pacific warm blob events. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Ningning Yao,Zhe Song,Lang Chen,Yuhai Sun,Boqiong Jiang,Pengfei Li,Jinsheng Chen,Shaocai Yu
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AI-accelerated Nazca survey nearly doubles the number of known figurative geoglyphs and sheds light on their purpose Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Masato Sakai, Akihisa Sakurai, Siyuan Lu, Jorge Olano, Conrad M. Albrecht, Hendrik F. Hamann, Marcus Freitag
It took nearly a century to discover a total of 430 figurative Nazca geoglyphs, which offer significant insights into the ancient cultures at the Nazca Pampa. Here, we report the deployment of an AI system to the entire Nazca region, a UNESCO World Heritage site, leading to the discovery of 303 new figurative geoglyphs within only 6 mo of field survey, nearly doubling the number of known figurative
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Spaceflight-induced contractile and mitochondrial dysfunction in an automated heart-on-a-chip platform Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Devin B. Mair, Jonathan H. Tsui, Ty Higashi, Paul Koenig, Zhipeng Dong, Jeffrey F. Chen, Jessica U. Meir, Alec S. T. Smith, Peter H. U. Lee, Eun Hyun Ahn, Stefanie Countryman, Nathan J. Sniadecki, Deok-Ho Kim
With current plans for manned missions to Mars and beyond, the need to better understand, prevent, and counteract the harmful effects of long-duration spaceflight on the body is becoming increasingly important. In this study, an automated heart-on-a-chip platform was flown to the International Space Station on a 1-mo mission during which contractile cardiac function was monitored in real-time. Upon
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Accelerating transmission capacity expansion by using advanced conductors in existing right-of-way Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Emilia Chojkiewicz, Umed Paliwal, Nikit Abhyankar, Casey Baker, Ric O’Connell, Duncan Callaway, Amol Phadke
As countries pursue decarbonization goals, the rapid expansion of transmission capacity for renewable energy (RE) integration poses a significant challenge due to hurdles such as permitting and cost allocation. However, we find that large-scale reconductoring with advanced composite-core conductors can cost-effectively double transmission capacity within existing right-of-way, with limited additional
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A molecular switch from tumor suppressor to oncogene in ER+ve breast cancer: Role of androgen receptor, JAK-STAT, and lineage plasticity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Sarah Asemota, Wendy Effah, Jeremiah Holt, Daniel Johnson, Linnea Cripe, Suriyan Ponnusamy, Thirumagal Thiyagarajan, Yekta Khosrosereshki, Dong-Jin Hwang, Yali He, Brandy Grimes, Martin D. Fleming, Frances E. Pritchard, Ashley Hendrix, Meiyun Fan, Abhinav Jain, Hyo Young Choi, Liza Makowski, D. Neil Hayes, Duane D. Miller, Lawrence M. Pfeffer, Balaji Santhanam, Ramesh Narayanan
Cancers develop resistance to inhibitors of oncogenes mainly due to target-centric mechanisms such as mutations and splicing. While inhibitors or antagonists force targets to unnatural conformation contributing to protein instability and resistance, activating tumor suppressors may maintain the protein in an agonistic conformation to elicit sustainable growth inhibition. Due to the lack of tumor suppressor
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Alveolar macrophage function is impaired following inhalation of berry e-cigarette vapor Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Amelia Kulle, Ziyi Li, Ashley Kwak, Mathieu Mancini, Daniel Young, Daina Zofija Avizonis, Marc Groleau, Carolyn J. Baglole, Marcel A. Behr, Irah L. King, Maziar Divangahi, David Langlais, Jing Wang, Julianna Blagih, Erika Penz, Antoine Dufour, Ajitha Thanabalasuriar
In the lower respiratory tract, the alveolar spaces are divided from the bloodstream and the external environment by only a few microns of interstitial tissue. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) defend this delicate mucosal surface from invading infections by regularly patrolling the site. AMs have three behavior modalities to achieve this goal: extending cell protrusions to probe and sample surrounding areas
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Investigating the cis- regulatory basis of C 3 and C 4 photosynthesis in grasses at single-cell resolution Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 John Pablo Mendieta, Xiaoyu Tu, Daiquan Jiang, Haidong Yan, Xuan Zhang, Alexandre P. Marand, Silin Zhong, Robert J. Schmitz
While considerable knowledge exists about the enzymes pivotal for C 4 photosynthesis, much less is known about the cis- regulation important for specifying their expression in distinct cell types. Here, we use single-cell-indexed ATAC-seq to identify cell-type-specific accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) associated with C 4 enzymes for five different grass species. This study spans four C 4 species
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Nr2f1 enhancers have distinct functions in controlling Nr2f1 expression during cortical development Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Zhidong Liu, Athéna R. Ypsilanti, Eirene Markenscoff-Papadimitriou, Diane E. Dickel, Stephan J. Sanders, Shan Dong, Len A. Pennacchio, Axel Visel, John L. Rubenstein
There is evidence that transcription factor (TF) encoding genes, which temporally control development in multiple cell types, can have tens of enhancers that regulate their expression. The NR2F1 TF developmentally promotes caudal and ventral cortical regional fates. Here, we epigenomically compared the activity of Nr2f1’s enhancers during mouse cortical development with their activity in a transgenic
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Enhanced metamorphic CO 2 release on the Proterozoic Earth Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 E. M. Stewart, Donald E. Penman
Rock metamorphism releases substantial CO 2 over geologic timescales (>1 My), potentially driving long-term planetary climate trends. The nature of carbonate sediments and crustal thermal regimes exert a strong control on the efficiency of metamorphic CO 2 release; thus, it is likely that metamorphic CO 2 degassing has not been constant throughout time. The Proterozoic Earth was characterized by a
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Global fishing patterns amplify human exposures to methylmercury Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Mi-Ling Li, Colin P. Thackray, Vicky W. Y. Lam, William W. L. Cheung, Elsie M. Sunderland
Global pollution has exacerbated accumulation of toxicants like methylmercury (MeHg) in seafood. Human exposure to MeHg has been associated with long-term neurodevelopmental delays and impaired cardiovascular health, while many micronutrients in seafood are beneficial to health. The largest MeHg exposure source for many general populations originates from marine fish that are harvested from the global
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Septo-dentate gyrus cholinergic circuits modulate function and morphogenesis of adult neural stem cells through granule cell intermediaries Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Ze-Ka Chen, Luis Quintanilla, Yijing Su, Ryan N. Sheehy, Jeremy M. Simon, Yan-Jia Luo, Ya-Dong Li, Zhe Chen, Brent Asrican, Dalton S. Tart, W. Todd Farmer, Guo-Li Ming, Hongjun Song, Juan Song
Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain play a crucial role in regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). However, the circuit and molecular mechanisms underlying cholinergic modulation of AHN, especially the initial stages of this process related to the generation of newborn progeny from quiescent radial neural stem cells (rNSCs), remain unclear. Here, we report that stimulation of the cholinergic
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Soul is a master control gene governing the development of the Drosophila prothoracic gland Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Wen Liu, Minyi Yan, Kirst King-Jones
The prothoracic gland (PG) is a major insect endocrine organ. It is the principal source of insect steroid hormones, and critical for key developmental events such as the molts, the establishment of critical weight (CW), pupation, and sexual maturation. However, little is known about the developmental processes that regulate PG morphology. In this study, we identified soul , which encodes a PG-specific
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Male crickets in poor condition engage in less same-sex sexual behavior Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Jon Richardson, Isabelle P. Hoversten, Marlene Zuk
Same-sex sexual behavior (SSB) is widespread among animals and is often treated as an evolutionary anomaly or mistake. An alternative view is that SSB occurs because individuals have broader or more permissive “mating filters.” A broader filter means directing courtship toward anything that resembles a potential mate, while a narrower filter means having stricter criteria about when to court. Broader
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A sensitive assay for measuring whole-blood responses to type I IFNs Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Adrian Gervais, Corentin Le Floc’h, Tom Le Voyer, Lucy Bizien, Jonathan Bohlen, Fatih Celmeli, Fahd Al Qureshah, Cécile Masson, Jérémie Rosain, Marwa Chbihi, Romain Lévy, Riccardo Castagnoli, Anya Rothenbuhler, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Qian Zhang, Shen-Ying Zhang, Vivien Béziat, Jacinta Bustamante, Anne Puel, Paul Bastard, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Human inborn errors of the type I IFN response pathway and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α, -β, and/or -ω can underlie severe viral illnesses. We report a simple assay for the detection of both types of condition. We stimulate whole blood from healthy individuals and patients with either inborn errors of type I IFN immunity or auto-Abs against type I IFNs with glycosylated human IFN-α2, -β, or -ω. As controls
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Cell-type-specific enhancement of deviance detection by synaptic zinc in the mouse auditory cortex Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Mason McCollum, Abbey Manning, Philip T. R. Bender, Benjamin Z. Mendelson, Charles T. Anderson
Stimulus-specific adaptation is a hallmark of sensory processing in which a repeated stimulus results in diminished successive neuronal responses, but a deviant stimulus will still elicit robust responses from the same neurons. Recent work has established that synaptically released zinc is an endogenous mechanism that shapes neuronal responses to sounds in the auditory cortex. Here, to understand the
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Ion sensors based on organic semiconductors acting as quasi-reference electrodes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Yu Yamashita, Harumi Hayakawa, Pushi Wang, Tatsuyuki Makita, Shohei Kumagai, Shun Watanabe, Jun Takeya
Thin-film devices that transduce the chemical activity of ions into electronic signals are essential components in various applications, including healthcare diagnostics and environmental monitoring. Combinations of organic semiconductors (OSCs) and ion-selective materials have been explored for developing solution-processable ion sensors. However, the necessity of reference electrodes (REs) and operational
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Engineered CD4 T cells for in vivo delivery of therapeutic proteins Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Harikrishnan Radhakrishnan, Sherri L. Newmyer, Harold S. Javitz, Parijat Bhatnagar
The CD4 T cell, when engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) containing specific intracellular domains, has been transformed into a zero-order drug-delivery platform. This introduces the capability of prolonged, disease-specific engineered protein biologics production, at the disease site. Experimental findings demonstrate that CD4 T cells offer a solution when modified with a CAR that includes
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Integer partitions detect the primes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 William Craig, Jan-Willem van Ittersum, Ken Ono
We show that integer partitions, the fundamental building blocks in additive number theory, detect prime numbers in an unexpected way. Answering a question of Schneider, we show that the primes are the solutions to special equations in partition functions. For example, an integer n ≥ 2 is prime if and only if ( 3 n 3 − 13 n 2 + 18 n − 8 ) M 1 ( n ) + ( 12 n 2 − 120 n + 212 ) M 2 ( n ) − 960 M 3 ( n
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The battle of the sexes in humans is highly polygenic Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Jared M. Cole, Carly B. Scott, Mackenzie M. Johnson, Peter R. Golightly, Jedidiah Carlson, Matthew J. Ming, Arbel Harpak, Mark Kirkpatrick
Sex-differential selection (SDS), which occurs when the fitness effects of alleles differ between males and females, can have profound impacts on the maintenance of genetic variation, disease risk, and other key aspects of natural populations. Because the sexes mix their autosomal genomes each generation, quantifying SDS is not possible using conventional population genetic approaches. Here, we introduce
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Alternating access of a bacterial homolog of neurotransmitter: sodium symporters determined from AlphaFold2 ensembles and DEER spectroscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Alexandra C Schwartz,Richard A Stein,Eva Gil-Iturbe,Matthias Quick,Hassane S Mchaourab
Neurotransmitter:sodium symporters (NSSs) play critical roles in neural signaling by regulating neurotransmitter uptake into cells powered by sodium electrochemical gradients. Bacterial NSSs orthologs, including MhsT from Bacillus halodurans, have emerged as model systems to understand the structural motifs of alternating access in NSSs and the extent of conservation of these motifs across the family
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QnAs with Scott E. Heatwole and Robert F. Pfaff. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Matthew Hardcastle
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Current usage of sounding rockets to study the upper atmosphere. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Scott E Heatwole
Sounding rockets have played and continue to play a key role in the modeling of the upper atmosphere and predicting weather. Goddard's insight into the usefulness of rockets for this application came at a time when measurements had not been made above the troposphere. Present-day developments in sounding rockets have allowed more elaborate experiments to make measurements with multiple rockets and
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Beyond Neyman–Pearson: E-values enable hypothesis testing with a data-driven alpha Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Peter D. Grünwald
A standard practice in statistical hypothesis testing is to mention the P -value alongside the accept/reject decision. We show the advantages of mentioning an e-value instead. With P -values, it is not clear how to use an extreme observation (e.g. P ≪ α ) for getting better frequentist decisions. With e-values it is straightforward, since they provide Type-I risk control in a generalized Neyman–Pearson
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Correction for Lu et al., In situ electrogenerated Cu(III) triggers hydroxyl radical production on the Cu-Sb-SnO2 electrode for highly efficient water decontamination Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-20
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 39, September 2024.
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Enhanced effects of species richness on resistance and resilience of global tree growth to prolonged drought Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Yun-Hao Bai, Zhiyao Tang
The increasing duration of drought induced by global climate change has reduced forest productivity. Biodiversity is believed to mitigate the effects of drought, thereby enhancing the stability of tree growth. However, the effects of species richness on tree growth stability under droughts with different durations remain uncertain. Here, we used tree ring data from 4,072 sites globally, combined with
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Genome of Halimeda opuntia reveals differentiation of subgenomes and molecular bases of multinucleation and calcification in algae Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Hao Zhang, Xin Wang, Meng Qu, Haiyan Yu, Jianping Yin, Xiaochuan Liu, Yuhong Liu, Bo Zhang, Yanhong Zhang, Zhangliang Wei, Fangfang Yang, Jingtian Wang, Chengcheng Shi, Guangyi Fan, Jun Sun, Lijuan Long, David A. Hutchins, Chris Bowler, Senjie Lin, Dazhi Wang, Qiang Lin
Algae mostly occur either as unicellular (microalgae) or multicellular (macroalgae) species, both being uninucleate. There are important exceptions, however, as some unicellular algae are multinucleate and macroscopic, some of which inhabit tropical seas and contribute to biocalcification and coral reef robustness. The evolutionary mechanisms and ecological significance of multinucleation and associated