Lacustrine sediments provide an excellent opportunity to study climate change beyond the instrumental period and further to elucidate its intrinsic interactions with ecosystem. However, the radiocarbon (14C)-based chronological framework of such natural archives, on which robust interpretation of geochemical proxies primarily depends, is commonly challenged due to the difficulty in properly correcting

Shear zone kinematics are interpreted from sections (X-Z) parallel to the stretching lineation (X-direction) and perpendicular to the mylonitic foliation (X–Y). The stretching lineation is a product of finite strain, defined by minerals or mineral aggregates that deform plastically. In quartzofeldspathic rocks deformed below 600 °C, rheological contrasts between quartz and feldspar are amplified, and

The northward growth of the Tibetan Plateau has reshaped the Qilian Shan Orogen with prolonged history along two large strike-slip faults, the Altyn Tagh Fault on the west and the Haiyuan Fault on the east. This orogen with its high elevation is referred to as the “Water Tower” of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, shedding many rivers into the surrounding arid areas in a way different

Preliminary field assessment of the geological evidence for the September 2016 multiple tremors was felt as far as 10 km in Nok and Chori villages in the north and northwest of Kwoi respectively. This involved systematic studies of the crack pattern and intensity on buildings, rocks and hanging walls of slopes around the area with the highest shock. The structural mapping was complemented by composite

This paper presents a practical method for identifying the fundamental design parameters of a multilayered earth structure in ballastless tracks at an operational speed of 400 km/h. The properties of subgrade materials and layer thickness are determined based on vehicle–track coupled dynamic numerical analysis and integrated empirical models incorporating a threshold cyclic strain approach. The principle

In permafrost regions, the construction of embankment leads to the permafrost degradation, further affecting the embankment stability. Considering wider bituminous pavement and higher technical standard for expressway than ordinary highway, the heat and deformation behaviors of the separated expressway are investigated through a full-scale field experimental expressway embankment in the Qinghai-Tibet

Shrinkage cracking is one of the primary distresses found in cementitiously stabilized layers (CSL) of pavements. Shrinkage can cause cracking on the surface layer due to the bond between the surface layer and the CSL. Shrnkage of CSL includes autogenous shrinkage due to hydration, drying shrinkage due to loss of moisture, and thermal shrinkage due to low temperature contraction. The current methodology

Degradation of railway ballast aggregate is ensued from breakage of single particle as well as from abrasion of angular corners. The present study evaluates the change in morphological characteristics as well as particle size distribution of ballast aggregate degraded under applied impact loads to further illuminate the degradation mechanism of particles. The utilized drop-weight impact loading apparatus

As an important part of national security, railway safety is also an eternal theme in the development and maintenance of railways. In this study, to explore the establishment of high-speed railway geosubstructure safety indices and maintenance technology, worldwide typical design or maintenance standards and codes are summarized and compared, and theoerical analyses and testings are carried out to

Geomorphic processes operate at multiple spatio‐temporal scales and different levels of hierarchy. It is therefore necessary to understand the linkages of landscapes across various scales and levels to gain insights on their interactions and feedbacks. Connectivity is an emergent property of the hydro‐geomorphic systems, and it is gradually evolving into a unifying concept in geomorphology. The connectivity

There is a large compositional variation of I-type granites. Although partial melting and fractional crystallization are the two primary mechanisms for the variation, it is intriguing to know how they jointly work. This issue is addressed by a combined study of geochemistry and phase equilibrium modelling for a Triassic pluton from the Qinling orogen. The pluton consists of high-K, calc-alkaline I-type

Glacial strata are excellent stratigraphic markers in Paleozoic basins worldwide. The eastern Parnaíba Basin in northern Brazil is a highly favorable setting for studying episodes related to the Ordovician-Silurian glaciation. Previous studies in this region led to the recognition of unequivocally glaciogenic sediments associated with pre- and postglacial deposits, favoring the understanding of lower

Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) are an important tool for interpreting paleoseismicity and depositional environments in ancient basin successions. The northwestern margin of Junggar Basin is a key region for understanding the paleogeography and basin attributes of the Junggar Basin during the early Permian. In the Lower Permian (Kungurian) Fengcheng Formation, nine lithofacies are grouped

Mixed siliciclastic‐carbonate deep‐marine systems (mixed systems) are less documented in the geological record than pure siliciclastic systems. The similarities and differences between these systems are therefore poorly understood. A well‐exposed Late Cretaceous mixed system on the northern side of the Eastern Greater Caucasus (EGC), Azerbaijan, provides an opportunity to study the interaction between

Dolomitization in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin has been extensively researched, producing vast geochemical datasets. This provides a unique opportunity to assess the regional sources and flux of dolomitizing fluids on a larger scale than previous studies. A meta‐analysis was conducted on stable isotope, strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr), fluid inclusion and lithium‐rich formation water data published

Bones displaying evidence of modification by macro, meso and microorganisms occur frequently in the ?Albian - early Cenomanian Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of the Tafilalt in southeast Morocco. Excluding the traces made by vertebrates (bite marks, tooth punctures, scratch marks, trample fractures) the different types of modification identified include a variety of borings referable to the ichnogenera Cubiculum

The Likva Cove section on the island of Brač (Croatia) represents a rare example within the Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP) succession of the basal Palaeocene limestones overlying the uppermost Maastrichtian shallow-platform limestones with evidence of only a brief stratigraphic hiatus at the Cretaceous/Palaeogene (K/Pg) contact. Detailed study of the 50-m-thick section resulted in the description

The theropod record from the Cretaceous of northeastern Brazil is rare and consists mostly of isolated and incomplete remains, with only four species described. Here we describe, identify and evaluate the diversity of theropod materials from the Albian–Cenomanian Açu Formation, Potiguar Basin. The material consists of seven isolated theropod vertebrae and a tooth. We identify the material as belonging

The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary (JKB) is the last among the GSSPs in the Phanerozoic to be chosen. The Berriasian Working Group of the International Subcommission on Cretaceous Stratigraphy decided in 2016 to use the base of the Calpionella alpina Subzone as the primary marker for the formal definition of the JKB. This definition is satisfactorily

The first find of a Late Cretaceous shark tooth, or of any cartilaginous fish for that matter, from the Kuril Islands in the Russian Far East is recorded as Carcharias sp. (Lamniformes, Carchariidae). The specimen originates from Maastrichtian strata on the island of Shikotan that are assigned to the Malokurilsk Formation. It constitutes an extremely rare find from rocks of this age in the northwest

Research in the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Maevarano Formation of northwestern Madagascar has yielded numerous individuals of the abelisaurid theropod Majungasaurus crenatissimus. The number of individuals and quality of preservation allow for a detailed assessment of pathology in this species. A previous survey of Majungasaurus material collected prior to 2005 indicated assorted types of potential

Mass-transport complexes in a salt minibasin of the Espírito Santo Basin (SE Brazil) are investigated using a high-quality 3D seismic volume and borehole data. A series of six (6), stacked MTCs were identified from the sea floor down to an approximate depth of 1.5 km. These MTCs exhibit a high variability in size and internal structures. Three of the MTCs contain single, discrete landslide deposits

Pore–throat structure is a key factor that influences the storage and fluid flow capacity of tight sandstone reservoirs. By performing petro-physical characteristic tests, scanning electron microscopy, and casting thin sections, the main pore types of tight sandstone reservoir samples collected from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Baibao area of the Southwest Ordos Basin in China were

The Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Santanghu Basin (northwest China) develops one of the thickest salinized lacustrine organic-rich shale (SLORS) in the world. The SLORS has been proven as sources for crude oil and tight oil, as well as sources and reservoirs for shale oil in the basin. A total of 52 SLORS samples were collected from the second member of Lucaogou Formation (P2l2), and analyzed

The lower Cambrian sediments including the Qiongzhusi and Maidiping formations in the Sichuan Basin are generally considered as the main source rocks of Precambrian-Cambrian petroleum system. A comprehensive study integrated with multiple geochemical methods was conducted on 119 lower Cambrian drillcore samples collected from the upper Yangtze Platform. The results show that the fluctuation of sea

The large acoustic data set acquired during the Carambar cruises is composed of high resolution bathymetry, backscatter data and very‐high resolution seismic lines which allow for an overview of the morphology and sediment transfer processes from the shallow upper slope to the abyssal plain of a modern carbonate system: the north‐eastern slope of the Little Bahama Bank. Surficial distribution of the

Zinc and lead smelting slags from Ruda Śląska are unique in their chemistry and phase composition, which resemble rare natural rocks such as paralavas and melilitolites. Moreover, considering its size, we can treat a pyrometallurgical slag dump as a geological body. In slags from Ruda Śląska the assemblage melilite ± pseudowollastonite ± wollastonite ± plagioclase was discovered in glassy slag. High-temperature

The Lower Ordovician succession, consisting of the Yingshan and Penglaiba formations, encompasses significant petroleum reservoirs in Yubei area, southwest Tarim Basin. Mesogenetic dissolution and dolomitization strongly contributed to the increase in rock porosities here. Wells YB 7, YB 5, and YB 1-2X drilled in eastern Yubei area met the deposits of Yingshan and Penglaiba formations, providing abundant

This study is the first attempt to apply fault-based and time-dependent seismicity models cooperatively for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) of the Kerman and adjacent areas (54–59° E, 28.5–34° N). For this study, almost all available literature and databases have been investigated to compile reliable information reported as instrumental, historical, and paleoseismological events, together

The effects of thermal treatment on the pore structure and mechanical property evolution of granite were experimentally investigated to evaluate the risks of traditional and critical geothermal systems. The microstructure of thermally treated granite was studied using an optical microscope and nuclear magnetic resonance, and the mechanical properties of thermally treated granite were studied under

Poly(acryloyl chloride) (PAC) was first reacted with oxidized MWCNT to form oxidized MWCNT-g-PAC. Then, aminated MNP were bonded to the oxidized MWCNT-g-PAC to form oxidized MWCNT-g-PAC-g-aminated MNP. The chemical characterization for primary and the product materials was performed using FT-IR spectroscopy. SEM images and SEM–EDX were used for the surface morphology and elemental characterization

The genus Teucrium L. is a well-known medicinal plant belonging to Lamiaceae family and Ajugoideae subfamily. The present study aims to evaluate the taxonomic status of the Teucrium species using both morphological and flavonoid characteristics and to determine the flavonoid classes. A total of 64 accessions belonged to eight species, and five subspecies were collected from different Zagros regions

Let G be a locally compact group (not necessarily abelian) and B be a homogeneous Banach space on G which is in a good situation with respect to a homogeneous function algebra \((A,\Vert .\Vert _{A})\) on G. Feichtinger showed that there exists a minimal Banach space \(B_{\rm{min}}\) in the family of all homogeneous Banach spaces C on G containing all elements of B with compact support. In this paper

The proposed research of this experimental investigation aims to study the effects of fines content, fabrics type and confining pressure on the undrained shear strength response of Chlef sand-silt mixtures under static loading conditions using the equivalent void ratio (e*) and equivalent state parameter (ψ*) concepts. For this purpose, a series of undrained monotonic triaxial tests was carried out

While performing the upper bound limit analysis, using an associated flow rule, the expressions for the power dissipation function corresponding to different forms of yield criteria for clays exhibiting shear strength anisotropy and transversely asymmetric properties (implying different strengths in compression and tension), have been derived in terms of velocities, strain rates and shear strength

The accuracy of rock property measurements in real-time heating loading tests has been considered as questionable due to the thermal effect on loading platens. In this study, the impact of steel platen performance at high temperatures (up to 1000 °C) on granite property measurements is analysed by numerical simulations. Simulation results show that a smaller stiffness of the loading platen can result

Fire is an integral part of almost all ecosystems on Earth and an important factor in shaping our surroundings. Based on pedoanthracological research, we have reconstructed part of the past landscape and the paleoenvironmental context in an area that was populated by the Aguada Culture around 1000 CE. Pedoanthracology gives us the opportunity to recreate past fire events, including both natural fires

Amorphous materials are frequently observed in natural and experimentally produced fault rocks. Their common occurrence suggests that amorphous materials are of importance to fault zone dynamics. However, little is known about the physico-chemical impact of amorphous materials on fault rheology. Here we present deformation experiments on mafic fault rock, where amorphous material forms due to intense

Some fossils, such as crinoid stems, are not widely appreciated by collectors and researchers, yet can provide unique data regarding taphonomy and palaeoecology. A long crinoid pluricolumnal showing a distinctive pattern of preservation was collected from the Clare Shale Formation (Upper Carboniferous) at Fisherstreet Bay, Doolin, County Clare, western Ireland. The specimen is partly disarticulated

While backward erosion piping (BEP) and slope instability failure mechanisms have been investigated independently, they are not analyzed concurrently despite that the response of levees embankments to the BEP may likely impact the stability of the slope, especially if levees were to fail. This study presents a framework towards interfacing soil instability and BEP simulation with the goal of producing

Although being widely used as the quality control for field compaction, neither the standard nor modified Proctor tests match the compaction effort of existing field compaction machineries commonly used today. More importantly, these methods are incapable of identifying the compactability of soil materials other than maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. With the widespread application

The Hawaiian Islands permit investigation of tropical chemical weathering rates and processes on a single rock type, basalt. Chronosequences are investigated as a function of rainfall due to varying age of each island, including Kauai (~4 Ma), Oahu (~2 Ma), and Hawaii’s Kohala Peninsula (~0.3 to 0.17 Ma). Understanding tropical critical zone (CZ) development is vital given the large populations in

Toppling failure is one main failure types of anti-dip slate slopes, and is strongly affected by the mechanical properties of foliation. This study conducted a series of pull-off tests and direct shear tests on slate foliation to obtain its failure envelope, and an innovative failure criterion was accordingly proposed. The proposed failure criterion exhibits a nonlinear trend in the low normal stress

Bio-engineered slopes use vegetation as “live” protection elements against the triggering forces of landslides, erosions and debris flows. In this paper, the effects of basic plant traits (both root and shoot) on their slope stability functions in compacted and planned green slopes have been reviewed. This review is based on over 200 papers on areas primarily related to unsaturated soil mechanics,

The swelling behavior of clayey materials has been studied for many years, and the influence of pore size distribution and suction has been found to be significant. Swelling tests with suction control have been commonly and successfully performed on highly expansive clayey materials, but such work has not always included materials with small percentages of expansive clay minerals. In this study, compacted

Abstract Petrogeochemical and geochronological studies were conducted on the main varieties of granitoids from the Sedelga and Berezovsky batholiths in the eastern Bureya continental Massif of the Central Asian Fold Belt. SHRIMP-II U–Pb zircon dating of granitoids constrained the time of formation to the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic between 208 to 193 Ma. Our studies revealed that the batholiths

Abstract The activity of polyvalent elements in the geochemical processes is to a considerable extent determined by the valence state. A change in the valence is dependent on many factors, but the redox conditions of the medium where magma is generated are considered the main factor. The ratio between divalent and trivalent iron in magmatic rocks is a reliable and an accessible indicator of the redox

Abstract The results of P-wave velocity measurements in the basement and sedimentary cover rocks of the submarine Vityaz Ridge and surrounding morphostructures, used for age correlation of the geological complexes, are presented. The numerical values of the seismoacoustic parameter were obtained under laboratory conditions by direct measurements of the samples collected in the area of the Central Kuril

The Middle (?) to Late Paleozoic ophiolite association of West Chukotka comprises the large Aluchin, Atamanov, and Gromadnen–Vurguveem mafic–ultramafic massifs, which are spatially associated with Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks of the Yarakvaam terrane. This paper is devoted to the dikes of the Gromadnen–Vurguveem massif, which form two spatially isolated complexes: “dikes 1” and “dikes 2.” Both complexes

Abstract The paper presents the results of U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope studies of detrital zircons from the terrigenous the Lan 410 Ma (Lower Devonian), Terrane in the eastern part of the Mongol-Okhotsk fold belt. The lower age rocks limits are for the Nivakh formation ~ for the Verkholan series ~332 Ma (Mississippian), for the Ugokhan series ~239 Ma (Middle Triassic). The evidences were obtained for the

This paper presents new data on rocks dredged from the Hahajima Seamount during the cruise KH03-3 of R/V Hakuho-Maru in 2003. It is shown that the seamount is a tectonically displaced block of the Earth’s crust composed of island-arc ophiolites. The basement of the ophiolite complex is made up of highly depleted mantle residue (dunites and harzburgites). Upward, they grade into cumulate lherzolites