Ionic stabilization is one of the non-traditional methods of soil stabilization. It is an advantageous stabilization method of being economic and utilizing liquid agents that can easily diffuse through soil and stabilize it. While several studies have been undertaken on ionic stabilization, the experience is still not sufficient enough and thus more research work is needed to understand the mechanism

As more engineering projects and activities are taking place on and around weak rocks, it is becoming more important to study and characterize them. Since regular practices of rock mechanical testing are not effective for weak rocks, special laboratory tests and measurements were performed to characterize the Alkharj Saudi weak sandstone rock which is a clastic rock dominantly sandy limestone and sandstone

Due to the presence of multiple caves and rock shelters as well as flint outcrops, Ojców Upland is a region with an exceptionally high concentration of prehistoric human settlement traces. It has attracted archaeologists for over 150 years, leading to what was considered to have been a proper prospection of the area. Nonetheless, the analysis of airborne laser scanning has recently brought surprising

Impact-induced fragmentation of rock blocks is a frequent phenomenon during rockfall hazards, which significantly increases the safety risk to local community and infrastructure. This paper aims to thoroughly investigate the fragment characteristics of rockfall caused by multiple impacts, including the degree of fragmentation and the fragment size distribution. Forty-seven sets of repeated impact tests

In tropical and sub‐tropical mixed siliciclastic–carbonate depositional systems, fluvial input and in situ neritic carbonate interact over space and time. Despite being the subject of many studies, controls on partitioning of mixed sediments remains controversial. Mixed sedimentary records, from Ashmore Trough shelf edge and slopes (southern Gulf of Papua), are coupled with global sea‐level curves

Fractures in frozen soils are strongly associated with thermal gradient–dependent heterogeneity and significantly affect frost heaving and thaw subsidence in permafrost by altering the soil structure and the moisture migration path. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the quantitative relationship between fracture behavior and stress-induced heterogeneity of frozen soils with a thermal

Damage prediction of existing buildings against natural events is a challenge for engineers. Although several approaches have been proposed in the bibliography for damage assessment of steel and concrete structures, more studies are required to survey the damage state of masonry buildings. In this research, seismic damage of a historical masonry building, named Arge-Tabriz, has been assessed using

The primary purpose of the current study is to develop the constitutive relations for an isotropic fissured porous solid and an anisotropic fiber-reinforced material in the context of Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory and to execute the investigation regarding the dynamic response of a layered composite system caused by a load moving on the upper rough surface with parabolic irregularity. The composite

Hybrid event beds (HEBs) are tiered deep-water deposits that can include significant intervals of organic-rich muddy sandstone and sandy mudstone. They are emplaced by decelerating sediment gravity flows in which turbulence becomes extinguished due to increasing cohesion. Whilst several studies have addressed the distribution of organic matter (OM) in turbidites, the extent to which OM is segregated

Vehicle safety and performance can be dramatically improved if force or friction measurement of the tyre-terrain interface is known. Since the tyre-terrain interface is responsible for the majority of forces acting on the vehicle, this region has received a lot of attention in vehicle dynamics. Direct measurement of the tyre-terrain interface is difficult since it is hidden by the tyre and terrain

In the Futai carbonate oilfield of the Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, oil enrichment is significantly related to fracture development during the oil production process. In this research, by methods of core observation and image logging interpretation, the tectonic fractures’ characteristics were distinguished. Numerically, through the elastoplastic mechanics method of finite element (FE) simulation

The mechanical properties of detachment zones significantly influence the geometry, structural style, and amount of shortening in the fold and thrust belts. The shale layers in a sedimentary package can act as a detachment zone at different levels of a fold and thrust belt. Detachment zones are not exposed in the active fold and thrust belts, making the detailed study of these detachment zones impossible

Usual methods are unfortunately unsuitable to accurately date many Holocene deposits and landforms from active Mexican volcanoes. This is notably the case for the Tacaná Volcanic Complex (TVC), located in the State of Chiapas in southern Mexico, and the San Marcos Department in Guatemala. The complex consists of the Chichuj, Tacaná, and San Antonio volcanoes and the Ardillas dome. Tacaná volcano, the

Explosive volcanic eruptions can cause long‐term landscape change, leading to increased sediment discharge that continues after the cessation of the eruptions. During the period 1990–1995, eruptions of Mount Unzen, Japan, generated large amounts of pyroclastic material, resulting in 57 debris‐flow events during 1991–2018. To investigate changes in the relationships between rainfall characteristics

We report techniques for measuring 41K/39K ratios using a Nu Instruments Sapphire double-focusing multi-collector ICPMS, equipped with a hexapole collision/reaction gas cell. Large Ar-hydride spectral interferences, as well as the 40Ar+ ion beam from the Ar-plasma, are effectively eliminated through a series of reactions with H2 gas in the collision/reaction cell. This allows the 39K+ and 41K+ ion

An integrated petrographic, fluid inclusion, noble gas, and stable isotope study was performed for the Late Oligocene, spatially associated Sukulu and Tororo carbonatite complexes in SE Uganda in order to understand their genesis and provide additional constraints on the evolution of the East African Rift System (EARS). Both carbonatite complexes comprise mainly ring-shaped calcio‑carbonatites with

Abstract In underground coal mining, the working face end is a bridge connecting the stope and the roadway. It not only is characterized by a large area pressure, but also faces the problems of rib spalling, roof falling, and floor heaving. In this research, a 3313 gob side entry retaining in fully mechanized top coal caving face in Shanxi Province was taken as the study object. First, by setting up

The current research work is an attempt to apply the basic geological procedures, methods of geological mapping, surface and subsurface interpretation and restoration of balanced and retrodeformed cross sections from the Nizampur basin, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The work also includes the documentation of several surface structural features, i.e., anticlines, synclines and different types of folds

ABSTRACT Permo-Carboniferous felsic magmatic rocks are widely exposed on the northern half of the south-eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. However, their origin and spatiotemporal distribution are unknown. Herein, zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic data, major and trace element compositions of the whole-rock, and Sr-Nd isotopic data derived for felsic volcanic rocks and granites of the Chaganaobao and Baiyinaobao

Despite recent advancements in predicting the response of shallow strip foundations during earthquake-induced liquefaction, significant modelling–related uncertainties remain, which are the focus of this paper. The problem is analysed through coupled hydromechanical analyses, employing an advanced constitutive model. The model is calibrated based only on the initial void ratio, and then validated against

Both ethnicity and age are important determinants of musculoskeletal health. We aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia, assess the suitability of current diagnostic guidelines, and explore muscle-bone relationships in adults from India. A total of 1009 young (20–35 years) and 1755 older (> 40 years) men and women from existing studies were collated and pooled for the analysis. Dual-energy

Detailed bed-by-bed ichnological and sedimentological analysis of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) in two sections from the Asturian Basin – Rodiles and Lastres – reveals changes in the macrobenthic tracemaker community mainly induced by oxygen fluctuations. Ichnological analysis enabled us to document an abundant and diverse trace fossil assemblage, with ten ichnogenera, probably corresponding

The Aptian-Albian interval represents a time of distinctive atmospheric and oceanic changes. A major perturbation of the carbon cycle induced by intense volcanic activity produced episodes of environmental change affecting the abundance and evolution of marine plankton. Several studies based on pelagic and hemipelagic sections have used biostratigraphic events and carbon isotope stratigraphy tools

The Nagssugtoqidian orogen (NO), which forms the northern margin of the North Atlantic craton in West Greenland, is largely comprised of ~2870 to 2720 Ma juvenile continental crust reworked during Paleoproterozoic orogenic events. Sparse evidence of components older than 3100 Ma in the area (U–Pb zircon ages and bulk-rock Sm–Nd isotopes) have hinted at a unit called the Qorlortoq gneiss but were not

Garnet is a common mineral at elevated pressures, and how it deforms plays an important role in the strength of lower crustal shear zones, subduction thrusts, and the mantle. Strong shape preferred orientations in elongate garnets at elevated temperatures and pressures attests to garnets ability to deform through ductile mechanisms; however, how individual garnets deformed is frequently ambiguous or

Molybdenum isotopes are an established proxy for paleoredox conditions in low-temperature surface systems. However, the mechanisms behind demonstrated Mo isotope fractionation during igneous and hydrothermal processes at elevated temperatures are still controversial. This study focusses on a comprehensive dataset documenting the late stage magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of Mo isotope systematics in

Modelling the reservoirs and fluxes of Zn in Earth's crust and mantle requires data on the solubility of its mineral hosts and ores in coexisting fluids, as well as on the complexation of Zn in these fluids as a function of fluid composition, pressure, and temperature. However, due to experimental challenges, the availability of such data is limited to pressures below 1 GPa, which are only representative

This research provides an innovative combination of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model for solving a nonlinear and complex problem related to soil shear strength prediction. The new hybrid model is optimized by an optimization technique i.e., henry gas solubility optimization (HGSO), called as HGSO-ANFIS. In predicting soil shear strength, the results of liquid limit, specific gravity

Abstract The mechanical characteristics of brittle materials submitted to combined compression and shear loading (CCSL) have received considerable attention recently. Both dynamic and quasi-static CCSL tests have been experimented to simulate the realistic working conditions encountered by different materials. Nevertheless, how the external shear loading affects the microcrack fracturing of rock still

The first phase of any hydraulic fracturing (HF) operation is to select carefully the best layers and wells based on a specific set of criteria. Selecting HF candidates plays a pivotal role in achieving the desired objective such that any attempt to execute this treatment fails without performing comprehensive studies in this regard. In this paper, data from 3 wells in a fractured carbonate reservoir

Exploration of the marine environment using underwater remote‐sensing methods is the most reasonable method for investigating submerged archaeological heritage sites, preserving their current condition and maintaining them for future generations. While non‐invasive recognition of heritage sites is one of the main objectives of underwater archaeology, the nearshore environment of the small Polish town

Oil and gas operations in sedimentary basins have revealed the occurrence of significant temperature anomalies at depth, raising the possibility of major geothermal resource potential in the sedimentary sequences. The efficient development of such a resource may require enhancement by hydraulic stimulation. However, effective stimulation relies on an initial assessment of in situ mechanical properties

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technique has been widely utilized in geohazards assessment. In this work, the effectiveness of the UAV photogrammetry in the remote sensing and assessment of the landslide behavior is demonstrated through a case study of a landslide that occurred in Guizhou, China on 10 June 2018. The post-landslide assessments were conducted through a field investigation by a team of

Natural gas in clathrate hydrates is regarded as a potential energy source that has received increased attention to optimize production strategies with controllable impacts on the environment. This paper investigates possible instability of a gently sloping reservoir of oceanic hydrates induced by gas production using the huff-puff method through a horizontal well. The geomechanical stability of the

Flexible barriers have been increasingly used worldwide for mitigating natural hazards involving various geophysical flows. The analysis and design of flexible barriers need to distinguish two major impact mechanisms, runup and pile-up, which remain poorly understood due to complicated interactions between the impacting flow and the deformable barrier. In this study, a unified computational approach

Rock mass elastic and strength properties are needed for calculation of deformation and determination of stability of underground structures. Most available models for prediction of rock mass properties are site-specific, are deterministic, and cannot be used to properly propagate uncertainty in reliability analysis of underground structures. A generalized Bayesian approach is used to develop probabilistic

Abstract Hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts in the northwestern (NW) Pacific seamounts are considered as potential future sources of strategic metals. The details of their regional and fine-scale variations in composition and structure are currently unknown. We attempted to characterize the variation patterns in a selected area of the NW Pacific seamounts, based on geological and geochemical analyses

High-temperature SiO2-rich springs are one of the most indicative manifestations of deep geothermal activities. Although they often represent the valuable geothermal potentials and significances of the areas, their high SiO2 contents usually bring some non-negligible problems when we exploit the geothermal resources, especially the silica scales. To understand the sedimentation sequences of SiO2-rich

Offshore pipelines often cross large areas with geomorphological, geological, and tectonic conditions that may pose a variety of geohazards, one of which is the co-seismic slippage of active tectonic faults. Ground movement induced by fault slippage imposes substantial straining on the pipelines, threatening their integrity. This paper presents the results of a series of large-deformation parametric

Water inflow caused by tunneling can have severe impacts on the springs’ discharge rate. If these impacts have not been predicted beforehand, technical, economic, and environmental challenges could occur. While there are a few methods for evaluating the risk of water drawdown, their shortcomings create the need to develop a new one. First, in this research, five main tunneling projects in Iran were

Extensive models used in debris flow runout simulations are two-dimensional with many limitations. Considering these limitations, a new three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on the finite difference method (FDM) was introduced to simulate debris flow runouts. The unique fractional area-volume obstacle representation (FAVOR), true-volume of fluid (Tru-VOF), and the renormalized

Peat is an exceptionally problematic soil for construction purposes and is often stabilized by traditional stabilizers (like cement), which emits 0.95-ton carbon dioxide (CO2) per ton of cement during their production. Alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) with its low carbon dioxide (approximately 0.07-ton CO2) emissions and higher strength gain provides a promising substitute

We present a morphotectonic study of the offshore northern Sumatra fore-arc high and fore-arc basin and an evolutionary model of the area based on high-resolution marine geophysical datasets. We show that the landward slope of the fore-arc high and the western edge of the Aceh fore-arc basin host a set of deeply-rooted, seaward-dipping backthrusts: main backthrust (MBT) and frontal backthrust (FBT)

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-021-01346-9

Archaeofaunal remains from the central Georgia Bight (USA) are used in a case study for assessing coastal fisheries between 2760 BCE and 1500 CE, particularly from the perspective of sustainability. The longevity of this fishery is evaluated in terms of taxonomic attributions, richness, ubiquity, diversity, and mean trophic level (TL) of fish individuals (MNI) in assemblages from 22 coastal archaeological

The unusual drainage pattern in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau has been proposed to result from the breakup of a single paleo-Red River system. However, whether there or not was a major early Cenozoic “paleo-Red River” flowing from southeastern Tibet to the South China Sea is still highly debated. In this study, we have used Pb isotopic analyses of detrital K-feldspar to constrain the sedimentary

Clarke Lake is a depleted gas field developed in carbonate platform deposits of the Slave Point Formation (Middle Devonian) in northeastern British Columbia, Canada. The field displays anomalously high reservoir temperature (≥100 °C) and strong water drive, making it a candidate for repurposing as a source of geothermal power. Porous and permeable reservoir developed near the platform margin through

Mosasaurids (Mosasauridae) were specialized marine lizards that evolved and radiated in the Late Cretaceous. Their diversity peaked in the Maastrichtian, with the most diverse faunas known from Morocco. Here we describe a new species of mosasaurid from this fauna. Pluridens serpentis sp. nov. is described based on two complete skulls and referred jaws. It is referred to Pluridens based on the elongate

In the ground improvement field, microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a novel bio-based soil improvement technique. To apply this technique, the presence of an actual construction site is needed to clearly understand the strength of increment and permeability reduction mechanisms with the specific trend of bacterial species. In this study, constant head permeability tests were performed

The Zagros suture zone in Iran is part of the Tethyan orogenic belt that records convergence between the Eurasian and Arabian plates during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic. Prior to collision, which may have initiated in the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene, much of the convergence was accommodated by the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic subduction of the Neotethys beneath the Iranian Cimmerides, terranes accreted on

The Teide-Pico Viejo (T-PV) stratovolcanoes constitute one of the most potentially active volcanic complexes in Europe. T-PV was traditionally considered as a non-explosive system, but recent studies have pointed out the explosive character of their phonolitic magmas, including plinian and subplinian eruptions and the generation of pyroclastic density currents, as is evidenced in the volcanological

Chirp technology is an acoustic tool for imaging the shallow seabed with a high resolution, used for investigations of modern to Quaternary sedimentary structures and processes and more applied goals, such as hazard surveys for drilling, archeology, geology or engineering fields. In this paper, we present new methods that improve such imaging. During the standard acquisition, the Chirp waveforms are

Reservoir properties of coal seams such as gas and water effective permeabilities and gas content, as well as spatial distributions thereof, affect the success of gas production and CO2-enhanced gas recovery (EGR) with simultaneous CO2 sequestration. These properties change during production and injection operations due to variations in reservoir pressure, matrix shrinkage/swelling, and water saturation

Coal mine gas originates from the gas emission zone (GEZ) of the mine, as well as the longwall face and pillars. Gas emissions are controlled directly at the sources using horizontal or vertical boreholes drilled from surface or from the entries in advance of mining, or it is captured from the fractured and caved zones (gob) using ventholes during mining. The rest of the gas, especially that gas that