In most coastal alluvial plains, the groundwater area of the aquifer is a rich environment that has experienced an extended period of marine deposition and is highly vulnerable to increasing urbanization. Excessive exploitation of groundwater has resulted in recent seawater intrusion and connate water leakage, leading to freshwater salinization. In this study, a novel workflow is designed for groundwater

The implication of optimal low impact development (LID) implementations has been attracting researchers' attention, aiming to alleviate the detrimental impacts of urbanization and climate change and enhance resilience. The increasing number of publications on LID optimization over the recent years makes it one of the leading-edge research areas in the urban stormwater management field. This study aims

Fundamental understanding of solute transport behaviors in rock fractures is of great importance to many hydrogeological processes. The fate of fluid-borne solutes is inherently linked to fluid flow process in rock fractures, which is usually theoretically and numerically analyzed under the assumption of classic no-slip boundary condition. However, fluid slippage at rock surfaces is possibly present

Accurate estimate of carbon sink flux resulted from carbonate weathering in the karst area is of great significance for advancing the current understanding of the global carbon cycle and climate change. However, the carbon sink flux may be overestimated when the natural reaction with carbonic acid is influenced by protons of anthropogenic sulfuric and nitric acids, which can reduce the carbon sink

Complete hydrological time series are crucial for water and energy resources management and modelling in a changing climate. The reliability of the non-parametric stochastic machine learning algorithm MissForest was assessed for gap-filling of daily streamflow time series in a data-scarce region with strong climatic variability. A total of 1,586 reconstructions of streamflows for 1970-2016 were analyzed

In this paper, a lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is proposed for a class of viscous shallow water equations, in which a second-order moment of the source term is applied to recover the viscosity in the governing equation and eliminate the additional errors generated during the Chapman-Enskog analysis. There are three different schemes based on different treatments of the source term. Through numerical

Global transboundary river basins (TRBs) cover about 47% of land surface and 52% of population. Water scarcity is driving the potential risks as a result of competition for the limited water resources in TRBs, which turns to be both of an urgent environment issue and economic/political problems. In this study, we used a water supply-demand balance approach to estimate the impact of climate change on

Celerity (the speed of a pressure wave) in fracture networks in bedrock can result in large and rapid water level responses in both aquifers and streams, but has been little documented in detail. To examine the role played by preferential flow in fracture networks, groundwater and stream data were analysed in a headwater catchment in a chalk aquifer in the UK. Hourly data show that aquifer water levels

Sediment transport modeling has been known as an essential issue and challenging task in water resources and environmental engineering. In order to minimize the adverse impacts of the continues sediment deposition that is known as a main source of pollution in the urban area, the self-cleansing method is widely utilized for designing the sewer pipes to create a condition to keep the bottom of channel

We present a simple image analysis technique for measuring the sediment composition of the bed surface during flow with bedload transport in flume experiments. The bed was composed by a bimodal mixture of natural sediments and the flow conditions were such that both fractions were mobile. A camera placed 2.5 meters above the flume framed the central part and took pictures every minute, allowing for

Water vapor emissions in urban areas are important processes in urban hydrology and urban climate. We evaluated the spatial and temporal characteristics of water vapor fluxes, based on measurements at an urban center for six years, suburban landscape for five years, and urban park for one year in Sakai, Osaka, Japan. The magnitudes of the water vapor emissions were approximately half for the urban

Nuisance growth of the alga Cladophora has been a critical issue in the Laurentian Great Lakes for decades. Although loading of total phosphorus (TP) has been below target values since the 1990s, the nearshore of the lakes still experiences Cladophora blooms. This study explores the effects of TP loading temporal pattern on Cladophora growth in Rochester Embayment in Lake Ontario, where Cladophora

Hydrological models have traditionally been used for the prediction in ungauged basins despite the related challenge of model parameterization. Short measurement campaigns could be a way to obtain some basic information that is needed to support model calibration in these catchments. This study explores the potential of such field campaigns by i) testing the relative value of continuous water-level

Data scarcity is one of the major constraints for hydrological modeling at a mountainous region with complex terrains. In this study, WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting model) model was configured to produce high-resolution atmospheric data for spatial modeling of snow at seven watersheds in central/southern Sierra Nevada. The configured WRF model downscaled a global reanalysis dataset into hourly

Limited hydrogeological data accessibility leads scholars to improve the robustness of present qualitative groundwater vulnerability assessment methods using mathematical techniques. In the present study, we implemented three GIS-based groundwater vulnerability assessment indices, namely DRASTIC (Depth to water table, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone, and hydraulic

The application of two-dimensional shallow-water equations models (2D-SWEs) for the description of hydrodynamic-based surface runoff computations is becoming a reference approach in rainfall-runoff simulations at the catchment scale. Due to their ability in generation of flow patterns throughout the basin, they can be used not only as an advanced method for flood mapping studies and hazard assessment

Hydrological models should be tested and evaluated for a wide variety of levels of urbanization before they are used to predict the impact of urbanization on catchment behavior. In this study, we illustrate a top–down approach of modifying step by step an hourly conceptual model structure (GR4H) to account for urbanization features. Modifying the original model structure included accounting explicitly

A floodplain lake system can be described as a water conveyance-type lake system that is subject to high water-level fluctuations (WLFs). This study investigated the effects of WLF on the nutrient status and the gross primary productivity (GPP) of phytoplankton in Lake Poyang, a large floodplain-lake system in China. This study hypothesized that WLF is the key controlling regulator of the lake’s nutrient

Accurate prediction of extreme flow events is important for mitigating natural disasters such as flooding. We explore and refine two modelling approaches (both separately and in combination) that have been demonstrated to improve the prediction of daily peak flow events. These two approaches are firstly, models that aggregate fine resolution (sub-daily) simulated flow from a process-based model (PBM)

Using isotopic and hydrochemical tools, we focused our study on water and element fluxes with snowmelt in two headwater catchments with different forest stands. One catchment is with mature, and the other catchment is with forest regenerating after a tree dieback. Sampling and analysis of the surface water and precipitation throughout one hydrological year, and of snowpack in snow season, enabled us

Microwave remote sensors mounted on center pivot irrigation systems provide a feasible approach to retrieve soil water information, in the form of water content maps, for the implementation of closed-loop irrigation. Major challenges such as significant time delays in the soil water measurements, the inability of the sensors to provide soil water information in instances where the center pivot is stationary

Land-ocean interaction plays an essential role in the transport fate of terrestrial matters in the coastal and shelf regions. Flood discharge from a mega river, containing massive water, sediment, and nutrient loads, could result in substantial and complex impacts on the physical and biogeochemical dynamics of coastal systems. In this study, field campaigns were conducted in a region from the Changjiang

Image-based approaches for surface velocity estimations are becoming increasingly popular because of the increasing need for low-cost river flow monitoring methods. In this context, seeding characteristics and dynamics along the video footage represent one of the key variables influencing image velocimetry results. Recent studies highlight the need to identify parameter settings based on local flow

Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a key factor involved in regional and global Earth system processes. This is particularly important for Arctic region, which faces amplified warming and is vulnerable to climate change. In this study, we estimate the PET during 1975-2014 at 190 meteorological stations in Siberian river basins using three frequently used models including a combination model (Penman–Monteith

This manuscript presents examples of the modelling of the impacts of coal mining and coal seam gas extraction on streamflow in five study catchments in Australia. The manuscript includes details on data preparation and model set-up and calibration. The modelling methodology enables the prediction of cumulative impacts from multiple future coal resource developments and distributes these predictions

Large-scale states of ocean and atmosphere control the quantity and routine of vapor transported into land and the land water storage pattern. However, the contributions of leading climatic modes, or teleconnections (TCs), to global terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations are poorly understood. Here, we use measurements from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission to

Evaporation from porous media in the presence of dissolved salts is an important topic in relation to several environmental issues. In this study, we investigated the interaction of evaporation, salt crystallization and the internal structure of the porous material. Porous columns with different internal structures were generated through random packing of angular quartz sand and round glass beads.

The simulation of groundwater flow is widely used to understand dynamic groundwater processes and frequently serves as the basis for quantitative analysis and management of groundwater resources. Reliable groundwater flow simulations require a sound understanding of the hydrogeological structure of the subsurface materials. However, a detailed model of the hydrological structure of thick unconsolidated

The joint optimal operation of a large-scale reservoir system is a complex optimization problem with high-dimensional, multi-stage, and nonlinear features. As the number of reservoirs and discrete states increase, the runtime of optimal operation model increases exponentially, leading to the phenomenon of “curse of dimensionality”. Traditional multi-core parallel computing can improve the efficiency

We consider stochastic weather models originally developed for rainfall simulations to build a hierarchical Bayesian mixture model for daily rainfall forecasts using endogenous and external information. We model daily rainfall as a seasonal-varying mixture of a Bernoulli distribution for rainfall occurrence and a gamma distribution for the rainfall amount. The model scheme allows the inclusion of predictors

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is a key component of the water cycle. In this study, a modified Penman–Monteith method incorporating the CO2 effect on surface resistance was used to estimate past change in ET0 in China for 1961–2019 and to project future changes for 2040–2099. A partial-differential equation was used to attribute the changes in ET0. Results indicated the following. (1) A shift

Multi-objective requirements including water supply, hydropower generation, water–sediment regulation (WSR), and inner-river ecosystem maintenance should be fully valued in the operation of reservoirs located on a sediment-laden river. In order to balance the satisfaction of multiple objectives with intense competition and guarantee the primary requirements preferentially, this paper presents a novel

Floodwater utilization through dynamic operating flood limited water levels (FLWLs) of reservoirs plays an important role in flood control and water conservation. This study proposes a risk-based aggregation-decomposition method for floodwater utilization of a complex multi-reservoir system. The original system is decomposed into four basic configurations. For the subsystem with hydraulic connections

The thermal regime of rivers plays a crucial role in chemical, biological and ecological processes. Effectively predicting water temperature is a key issue related to environment management. This study develops a probabilistic model based on C-vine copulas for water temperature prediction. The proposed framework is applied to forecast daily water temperature in the Yangtze River, considering long-term

In this paper, we present a method for groundwater dating, using radium isotope ratios. We use this method to constrain ages of saline groundwater in two aquifers of different depth and age (shallow Pleistocene and deep Cretaceous) along the Israeli coast, with implications to seawater intrusion. In the Pleistocene aquifer, long to short-lived isotope ratios (e.g. 226Ra/223Ra and 226Ra/228Ra) in groundwater

One of the frequently adopted hybridizations within the scope of rainfall-runoff modeling rests on directing various outputs simulated from the conceptual rainfall-runoff (CRR) models to machine learning (ML) techniques. In those coupled model exercises, after the parameter calibrations of the CRR models are made, their specific outputs constitute auxiliary inputs for the ML model training. However

This study aims to enhance daily precipitation forecasts over the Indian subcontinent through post-processing the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) outputs using Analog (AN) and Logistic Regression (LR) techniques. Both raw and post-processed GEFS precipitation forecasts were evaluated against the Indian Meteorological Department observed dataset using probabilistic and deterministic forecast

Within the contemporary view of stormwater management, introduced through integrated urban water management approaches (e.g., low impact development [LID]), there are several strategies that can be used in urban settlements to enhance sustainability. These strategies include the construction of runoff source controls and changes in development patterns. To understand the environmental trade-offs, the

In the past few decades, there has been increasing interest in studying various environmental phenomena derived from climate change and its social, environmental, and economic serious impacts. It is particularly critical to developing countries where resources are limited, and conditions may worsen in the midst of environmental disasters caused by soil erosion, leading to indispensable costs in resources

Accurate spatial and temporal measurement of water budget play a crucial role in achieving the sustainable planning and management of water resources. This paper presents a comprehensive integrated approach to simulate hydrological responses under dynamics of land use land cover (LULC) and climate change scenarios over Upper Narmada Basin, India. In order to select the representative climate models

Water retention curve (WRC) is an important parameter for unsaturated soils. It is greatly affected by the anisotropy of pore structure, as supported by experimental results in the literature. So far, however, the mechanism and theoretical modelling of anisotropy effects have not been investigated. These two issues were explored in this study based on two-dimensional analysis of soil pores, while were

Urban rainstorm floods have become one of the most significant natural disasters that restrict the healthy development of the economy and society. It is imperative to reduce the risk of urban rainstorm flood disasters, which is growing along with urbanization, during the process of urban planning and construction. However, because of the complexity of urban elements, it is quite difficult to identify

Fog deposition depends strongly on location and orographic setting. Even if the absolute amount can be small at some locations, it could play a decisive role. This is also true for Germany. In the lowlands, the annual amount of fog precipitation is in the range of a few mm per year, in the higher altitudes of the low mountain ranges a few hundred mm per year. In this article, we estimated the fog deposition

Quantifying hydrological processes that control the upper critical zone water balance and contaminant transport in drained landscapes is needed, especially as precipitation patterns driving water balance dynamics continue to shift due to climate change. Here, hydrometric data are integrated with stable isotope signatures to quantify water storage, mixing, and fluxes to subsurface tile drainage at an

Optimal operations of high-dimensional hydropower systems (HDHSs) with dozens or hundreds of plants face a serious challenge called “Curse of dimensionality” because the computational time and storage memory grow exponentially with the plant number. This study develops an efficient method to alleviate the dimensionality challenge. A random sampling (RS) technique is exploited to select representative

Tunnelling activities may significantly alter the groundwater balance in a karst aquifer, but assessment of this effect remains challenging due to the complex flow geometries and strong hydrogeological heterogeneity. In this study, based on extensive site characterization of an independent hydrogeological unit (HU) in which a deep-buried tunnel is under construction, we present a modified lumped model

In this paper, six critical topics in social learning (SL) definition and applications are discussed: 1- Clarification of the SL definition; 2- The role of SL in the management of shared water resources; 3- The definition of “learning” in SL; 4- The quantification of SL; 5- The relation of SL with outputs of Social Networks Analysis (SNA) and stakeholder Analysis (SA); 6- Identifying and ranking of

Cloud model theory provides a reliable method to effectively solve the problem of uncertainty associated with lake water quality assessments. To accurately match water quality parameters obtained from water samples and water quality standards, water quality parameters from water samples and water quality class levels were used as inputs to a reverse cloud generator algorithm to derive corresponding

Short-term water demand forecasting (StWDF) is the foundation stone in the derivation of an optimal plan for controlling water supply systems. Deep learning (DL) approaches provide the most accurate solutions for this purpose. However, they suffer from complexity problem due to the massive number of parameters, in addition to the high forecasting error at the extreme points. In this work, an effective

Flooding is a significant threat to life and property in Hawaiʻi. As climate warming continues to alter precipitation patterns and hydrological processes in the tropics, characterizing the shifting patterns in magnitude, seasonality, and location of floods would improve our understanding of the consequences and better prepare us for future flood events. In this study, 84 rain gauges and 111 crest gauges

Globally, the agriculture sector is the largest user of groundwater, and to manage declining groundwater resources, reducing groundwater extraction by the agriculture sector is an active policy objective in many jurisdictions. Estimating the cost to agriculture in terms of lost gross margin due to the implementation of exogenously determined water extraction restrictions has been an active research