In this study, an interval stochastic bi-level programming (ISBP) method is developed for planning the water-energy nexus (WEN) system. In ISBP, interval-parameter programming (IPP) and two-stage stochastic programming (TSP) are introduced into a bi-level programming (BP) framework. ISBP can tackle dual uncertainties expressed as probability distributions and interval values as well as balance the

The environmental impacts of road construction on the aquatic environment necessitate the monitoring of receiving water quality. The main contribution of the paper is developing a feasible methodology for spatial optimization of the water quality monitoring network (WQMN) in surface water during road construction using the field data. First, using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment

Estimation of reliable design discharges under variable climate is a key challenge for today’s engineers. Therefore, researchers are intensively exploring different alternative approaches in order to improve standard methods for design discharge estimation. Paper investigates the performance of time-invariant, time trend- and precipitation-informed models based on generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution

The uncertainty of initial water level being above the designed flood limited water level and the uncertainty of inflow caused by flood forecast error can cause flood risk in real-time reservoir flood operation. A risk analysis model for reservoir flood regulation under two-dimensional uncertainties based on Bayesian network is proposed. The nodes of Bayesian network are determined and the network

Recent intensification in climate change have resulted in the rise of hydrological extreme events. This demands modeling of hydrological processes at high temporal resolution to better understand flow patterns in catchments. To model surface and sub-surface flows in a catchment we utilized a physically based model called Hydrological Simulated Program-FORTRAN and two deep learning-based models. One

Tidal rivers are a complex fluvial-estuarine nexus where intensively anthropogenic interferences emerge. Understanding the morphodynamic response to river training in tidal river systems is a contemporary challenge. Here we explore the process of channel infilling and the evolution of tidal characteristics after significant dredging activities in the Shenzhen River (SZR) based on field observed data

The development of shallow landslides is strongly connected to the changes in the water content of soils on hillslopes, their clay content and permeability distribution, which, in turn, are playing an important role regarding their hydro-mechanical properties. A non-intrusive geophysical method able to map these properties would be very helpful. The most common geoelectrical method, DC (Direct Current)

Global climate change and increasing pressure of water shortage reinforce the necessity of optimal water management. In this study, a type-2 fuzzy mixed-integer bi-level programming (T2FMBP) approach is developed for the identification of reasonable water allocation policies by incorporating type-2 fuzzy sets, mixed-integer linear programming, bi-level programming and Stewart model into a general optimization

Water-level fluctuation (WLF) forecast plays an essential role in the regulations and management of the Yangtze River’s navigable rivers. Traditional methods for navigable rivers’ forecasts are often time-consuming and cost-inefficient, often requiring constant updates and are univariate in nature. This study utilized one of the Yangtze River’s navigable rivers, Nanjing navigable river, to perform

Many countries experiences floods due to heavy flows carried by trans-boundary Rivers. Hydrological modelling in un-gauged catchments and trans-boundary Rivers has become a challenging task for hydrological modellers. This research aims at estimating river discharges computed solely using satellite images, with no ground-based or a prior information at all. It is also aimed at testing the applicability

Soil moisture (SM) plays an indispensable role in many practical applications, such as drought monitoring, hydrologic applications and agricultural management. Passive microwave remote sensing has proven capable of capturing changes in SM. However, the coarse spatial resolution (approximately 25-40 km) may greatly limit many regional hydrological and agricultural applications. In this study, we present

Total dissolved solids (TDS) are recognized as an essential indicator of surface water quality. The current research investigates the potential of a novel computer aid approach based on the hybridization of wavelet pre-processing with multigene genetic programming (W-MGGP) for monthly TDS prediction at the Sefid Rud River in Northern Iran. 20-year historical monthly river flow (Q) and TDS data measured

Groundwater withdrawn in a multi-aquifer-aquitard system (MAAS) may cause vertical cross-flow supplement and result in groundwater drawdown and soil deformation in both aquifers and aquitards. This study investigates the responses of groundwater and deep soils to dewatering in the MAAS through statistical and numerical analyses. Field data of ten pumping tests conducted in MAAS, in Shanghai urban area

A Chebyshev semi-iterative method (CSIM) with preconditioner (P-CSIM) is proposed to simulate numerically unsteady flow in unsaturated soils. An exponential function was used to linearize Richards’ equation, which was discretized using a finite difference method to obtain the linear equations. For layered soils, the numerical discretization takes into account the continuity of the pressure head at

The Great 2011 Thailand flood is one of the most catastrophic flood disasters recorded worldwide in modern history, which covered about 100,000 km2 of the country and resulted in 813 casualties and incurring US$ 46 billion in economic losses. In this paper, we re-evaluate the flood event to identify the root source of the catastrophe. By analyzing hydrological data from gauge stations along the Chao

By integrating disciplinary sub-models, coupled hydrological models allow the exchange of output and input fluxes among their sub-models. While such coupling of models can mirror the conceptual representation of the water-cycle, potential uncertainty propagation and aggregation across the sub-models may limit their overall performance. There are limited studies dealing with uncertainty in coupled hydrological

The undeniable fact of climate change and dam construction alters the hydrological systems and threatens aquatic ecosystems of rivers around the world. Quantifying the impact of climate change and dam construction on flow regime is essential for water resources management and environmental protection. However, previous studies have rarely separated the effects of two factors on flow regimes, and the

Irrigated agriculture has been identified as using approximately 72% of water globally. Australia, like many places in the world, is subject to water sharing plans that cross government boarders and are subject to a mixture of management policies. There is a pressing need to develop a method to monitor irrigation water use to aid in water resource assessments and monitoring. This paper aims to test

Delineating the hyporheic zone, where groundwater and surface water mix, is of great importance for managing groundwater contamination introduced through surface water. A prior study proposed a method for estimating the hyporheic zone’s depth using heat transfer analysis; this approach’s high sensitivity compared with conventional tracer tests made it more appropriate for delineate the hyporheic zone

The effect of preferential flow (PF) in loess is of direct interest as flood irrigation is commonly found in loess regions where precipitation is scarce. This study was to assess the applicability of time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data on monitoring infiltration in loess and to analyze the effects of preexisting preferential path on infiltration process at a localized scale. An

Evapotranspiration (ET) typically accounts for 60–70% of precipitation in rural basins of the Southeastern United States. Since 1930, substantial reforestation of former croplands has occurred in the Piedmont and Appalachian Highlands in this area, leading to an expected increase in ET and reduction in baseflow. This study examines relationships between basin vegetative cover, abiotic factors, and

Waterlogging is one of the most important agricultural disasters affecting rice. In this study, we developed a waterlogging analysis system for paddy fields in irrigation districts with 7 modules, including pretreatment, hydrological computations and waterlogging computations. The newly developed system can consider the effects of both landform features and human interventions in irrigation districts

It is still very challenging to enhance the accuracy and stability of daily runoff forecasts, especially several days ahead, owing to the non-linearity of the forecasted processes. Here, we hypothesize that short lag-time has a significant impact on forecasting results. Thus, we incorporate short previous time steps into Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and develop the Self-Attentive Long Short-Term Memory

Under conditions of a changing climate, winters are predicted to be warmer and wetter in the northern hemisphere. Yet, the impacts of increasing midwinter snowmelt and rain-on-snow (ROS) events on groundwater recharge are poorly understood, particularly in seasonally frozen shallow bedrock. To characterize the mechanisms and antecedent conditions inhibiting or enabling winter recharge in seasonally-frozen

Spring discharges from karst aquifers are results of spatially and temporally complex hydrologic processes, such as precipitation, surface runoff, infiltration, groundwater flow as well as anthropogenic factors. These processes are spatially and temporally varying at a multiplicity of scales with nonlinear and nonstationary characteristics. For improving the prediction accuracy of karst springs discharge

Two record-breaking summer droughts hit Southwest China (SWC) in 2006 and 2011, causing severe losses to the society and economy. Moisture sources for precipitation in SWC and changes accompanied with the extreme droughts are thus investigated using a moisture tracking model, the Water Accounting Model-2layers (WAM-2layers), with observation-constrained data. SWC is influenced by three major circulations

Qualitative and quantitative assessments of the impact of track forecast error on tropical cyclone (TC) quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) are presented in this study. The original and track-error-corrected QPFs extracted from the Global Forecast System (GFS) of 52 TCs over the coastal region of China during 2015-2017 were compared with the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) observations

The non-intrusive B-spline Bézier elements method (BSBEM) is used to perform uncertainty propagation for complex dam break flow models. The predictive efficiency of the BSBEM is first compared to the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and Monte Carlo (MC) methods using Stoker’s analytical solution for an idealized dam break flow with discontinuous outputs. The computational efficiency of the proposed

Numerous efforts have been made to separate effects of climate change and human activities on long-term runoff change, including a commonly used method based on the Budyko complementary relationship (BCR) to deal with the non-closure problems often encountered in separating the observed runoff change into its contributed components. The BCR was derived by assuming the change of the Budyko parameter

Fog is considered as an important source of water in many drylands, and the knowledge of possible sources of its formation is essential to make future predictions. Prior studies have suggested the presence of locally generated fog in drylands; however, its formation mechanism remains unclear. There have been studies on the effects of fog on soil moisture dynamics. On the contrary, no research has yet

The water quality evolution of surface water and groundwater by mining activities and closed or abandoned mines is a grave public concern around the world. To understand the characteristics of hydrogeochemical processes controlling the water quality evolution after the closure of mines, a multi-aquifer system in a closed coalfield in Huainan eastern of China was investigated as an example. Based on

As an important factor affecting water quality, dissolved trace element (DTE) is not well studied in the karst region. Here, eighteen DTEs were analyzed to investigate their contents, seasonal-spatial variations, sources and controlling factors, and to evaluate water quality and health risks in a karst river system (Chishui River, southwestern China). The results showed that dissolved trace element

Pumping tests are routinely performed to characterize aquifers. In particular, recovery tests involve analyzing the residual drawdown after the termination of pumping. Evaluating the radius of investigation of pumping tests is important for test design and interpretation. However, the radius of investigation during the recovery phase has rarely been discussed in the literature. Here, we derive exact

Analyzing river basins as coupled human and hydrological systems is important to advance our understanding of hydrological processes, and to provide insights into policy design for water resources management. However, assessing spatially heterogeneous and temporally dynamic characteristics of human-hydrological interactions remains a challenge, and relevant research has been limited by the lack of

Soil salinization has become a widespread problem that seriously affects the sustainable development of agriculture. To deal with the salt accumulation and leaching problems in practical agricultural systems, a new soil water and solute transport model adopting the mass balance scheme is developed in this study. The soil water movement module is based on a previously published soil water mass balance

We develop a Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) for estimating the statistical parameters for monthly average streamflows. We assume monthly average streamflow can be characterized by a three-parameter log-normal distribution (LN3). The three underlying statistical parameters are shift, shape, and location. When estimating a parameter, such as the shape, of a given month the BHM utilizes historical

For managing the worsening urban water disasters in China, the Government of China proposed the concept of “Sponge City” in 2013 and initiated the strategy in 30 pilot cities from 2015. Despite the promise of the concept, there have been many challenges in implementing the “Sponge City” program (SCP). In this manuscript, we discuss the hydrology-related challenges in implementing the SCP. In particular

The accurate identification of groundwater pollution sources is the key to site remediation and management, which directly relates to the cost and effect of remediation during later periods. Studying the identification of some small-area site pollution sources by using a small amount of groundwater monitoring data is difficult and is currently a hot topic in the field of groundwater management. In

Stochastic rainfall models have been widely used for hydrological modelling and climate change impact studies, the accuracy of which can substantially affect the reliability of water resources planning, hydraulic structure design and flood and drought risk assessment. The primary objective of this study is to develop a stochastic daily rainfall model through coupling a Markov chain model with a rainfall

In this article, a new model is presented for imparting unsteady flow to a partially penetrating pumping well with wellbore storage placed in double-permeability confined aquifers to investigate the wellbore drawdown transient behavior. In this model, both the fracture and matrix systems are connected directly with the wellbore as flow pathways, while comprehensively considering the crossflow between

Internal erosion phenomena are a major threat to all earthen structures, such as river levees and dams. Studying these phenomena has been limited because they occur concealed inside the material, which makes them difficult to observe and monitor. Non-destructive geophysical monitoring techniques are powerful tools that can provide insight into the processes involved. For this reason, a test rig has

In the mid-high latitude region, variations of stable isotopic compositions of atmospheric precipitation (δ18Op and δDp) were commonly regarded as reflecting the “temperature effect”. However, some studies have indicated that changes in moisture sources are important controlling factors for δ18Op. To clarify whether there are connections between δ18Op and variations of moisture sources in Southwest

In multi-agent decision making, agents’ decisions are coherently interdependent, and the objectives of agents are possibly inconsistent. In this type of decision-making, agents need to reason and act strategically. Therefore, game theory can be used to study the strategic interactions among decision-makers. This paper presents a new hierarchical decision-making methodology, which uses the advantages

This study aims to develop a multi-preference based interval fuzzy-credibility constrained programming (MIFCP) approach for planning the regional-scale water-resources management system (RWMS) of Henan Province, China. This is the first attempt at planning RWMS through combining interval parameter programming (IPP), fuzzy-credibility constrained programming (FCP) and three diverse attitudes of decision

In this paper, we introduce 2D profile analytical models describing advection solute transport induced by a recharge boundary condition in a catchment-scale aquifer represented by a sediment or rock with permeability changing with depth. The suggested mathematical formulation is based on the concept of transit time distribution (TTD), according to which the concentration trend can be derived directly

In lakes of the Northern Great Plains, algae blooms are of great concern due to the recent increase of streamflow resulting in influx of nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P). The cold sub-humid climate and snowmelt hydrology exert strong controls on P concentration, export and supply in the basin. To date, few studies have explored the impacts of hydroclimatic conditions on P concentration, export

Population growth and associated anthropogenic activities such as mining are posing a major threat to water resources. Remote sensing provides valuable information for assessing and monitoring water quality and quantity, and thus supports sustainable water management. Several studies have demonstrated the utility of various remote sensing techniques for quantifying water quality parameters, however

The need for protection of freshwater resources with population growth and frequent droughts has become an important issue, especially in arid and semiarid regions. Investigations show that evaporation is the reason of significant losses in water reservoirs and thus suppressing it could effectively enhance water storage strategies. Covering reservoirs with modular floating elements, such as floating

Seasonal streamflow forecasting, which is important for water resources management, is generally a challenging task in hydrology. This paper focuses on the consideration of base and fast flow for the forecasting of seasonal streamflow. Taking the three tributaries of the Pearl River in South China as case study, five forecasting experiments, which forecast the average daily flow in the three-month

Sensitivity maps of drawdown observations on spatial hydraulic parameters are essential information for hydraulic tomographic analysis. It can guide us to design the optimal cross-hole pumping test strategy. In this study, we show how the sensitivity equation method can be employed to derive analytical sensitivity maps of drawdown observations on spatially variable hydraulic parameters during cross-hole

The ability of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to monitor large scale drought events has been explored well during past few years. We develop an alternative method viz.,weighted water storage deficit (WWSD) to characterize drought events over Yangtze river basin (YRB) based on water storage deficit (WSD) method by combining GRACE RL06 sphere harmonic (SH) coefficient data and WaterGAP