A stochastic rainfall model that can reproduce various rainfall characteristics at timescales between 5 minutes and one decade is introduced. The model generates the fine-scale rainfall time series using a randomized Bartlett-Lewis rectangular pulse model. Then the rainstorms are shuffled such that the correlation structure between the consecutive storms are preserved. Finally, the time series is rearranged

This study focuses on the nexus between coal mining and water storage, analyzing the strategies to reduce the negative effects of exhausted/abandoned mining sites on catchments where water reservoirs are located. Sediment management represent a key point to promote sustainable water resources development and it is strictly connected with the proper management of land use change, especially in the areas

Previous studies show that the flow velocity profile is S-shaped for low submergence flows in gravel bed streams. As a consequence, the power or logarithmic flow resistance equations cannot be theoretically deduced for a low submergence flow. In this study, the mixing layer analogy, in an accurate and innovative way, is applied to express the flow resistance in gravel-bed streams. Laboratory experiments

Prediction of rivers and lakes water temperature plays an important role in hydrology, ecology, and water resources planning and management. Recently, machines learning approaches have been widely used for modelling water temperature, and the obtained results vary depending on the kind of models and the selections of the appropriates predictors. In the present paper, a new family of machines learning

This study exploits aquifer responses to the reduction of pumping rates at different locations in a synthetic groundwater basin as basin-scale hydraulic tomography (HT) surveys to estimate transmissivity (T) and storage coefficient (S) fields. This experiment mimics the situation of groundwater exploitation reduction in a pilot area of groundwater-overexploitation control in the North China Plain.

The temporal resolution of storm data plays an important role in constructing reliable inundation simulations. The effects of the temporal resolution of storms with different return periods, peak coefficients, and durations on the simulated flood inundation were investigated with a two-dimensional numerical model. After analysing the modelled inundation peak values and occurrence times, which are affected

The propagation of tides into coastal aquifers is an important phenomenon in the migration of coastal contaminants, for the representation of shoreline boundary conditions in regional-scale groundwater models, and for the estimation of aquifer properties based on tidal amplitude attenuation and/or phase increase. In this study, an analytical solution to the propagation of tidal fluctuations in a radial

The present study uses hourly rainfall measurements from 36 raingauge stations in the northeastern United States with more than 55 years of recordings, to assess the accuracy and robustness of three conceptually different parametric approaches to produce intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves from rainfall records: (a) the well celebrated parametric IDF model based on annual maxima (AM) series,

Understanding land-use change accompanied by anthropogenic activities under alterations in watershed size regulations or differential carbon (C) isotope characteristics remain a challenge in C cycling research. In this study, we investigate changes in the export of C composition and its isotopic characteristics at multiple scales in a subtropical cascading watershed in China. Results show that C concentrations

Sandified soil slope in the semiarid ecosystems can affect overland flow velocity to accelerate soil erosion and increase sandification. For a better understanding of flow hydraulics in wind-water erosion zone of Loess Plateau, a computation method was suggested to estimate rill flow velocities over sand incorporation slope surface of sand-loess soil mixture. The sandified slopes involved three sand

Carbon retention within river corridors influences ecosystem processes of catchments and regulates regional to global carbon budgets. Previous studies lack focus of carbon retention associated with meandering river migration. To fill the gap, this study concentrated on particulate organic carbon (POC) retention by point bars that built via hydrogeomorphic processes within meandering river corridors

Development of robust approaches for calibrating daily rainfall-runoff models to monthly streamflow data is of major practical interest. Such approaches would enable widely used hydrological modelling platforms operating at a daily time step to be applied in practical situations where daily precipitations can be obtained but only monthly streamflow data are available (e.g. predicting inflows into large

In this study, the concept of activation soil moisture (ASM) has been conceptualised by coupling the Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) concept with the static infiltration component (Fc) for simulating rainfall-runoff process. The ASM has been defined as the height of soil moisture barrier (or the amount of soil moisture deficit), which must be fulfilled before runoff can start. Most of the SCS-CN inspired

Water-stressed countries need to plan their food security and reduce the pressure on their limited water resources. Agriculture, the largest water-using sector, has a major role in addressing water scarcity and food security challenges. While there has been quite some attention to water management solutions like soil mulching and improved irrigation, less attention has been paid to adapting the cropping

3D virtual network was numerically constructed from particles of various sizes and the drainage process was simulated. The resulting moisture retention curves suggested that the sample geometry affects the drainage. This unexpected result was confirmed experimentally for water retention curves of sandy and loamy soil samples differing only in air accessible surface: 19.6 cm2 (open surface) and around

Accurate and reliable predictions of estuarine salinity can lead to more effective water resource management and can alleviate the adverse impacts of saltwater intrusion. Due to the nonlinear and nonstationary features in time series of estuarine salinity, this study is conducted to develop a hybrid model coupling the techniques of wavelet transform (WT) and artificial neural network (ANN) for forecasting

Precipitation data collected at sub-hourly resolution represents specific challenges for missing data recovery by being largely stochastic in nature and highly unbalanced in the duration of rain vs non-rain. Here we present a two-step analysis utilising current machine learning techniques for imputing precipitation data sampled at 30-minute intervals by devolving the task into (a) the classification

An important challenge in hydrology is the quantification of the effect of urbanisation on rainfall-runoff processes. Many existing hydrological models assume a constant percentage runoff from urban areas disconnected from soil moisture which is contrary to evidence from observational studie m of this study is to explore if linking soil moisture and urban runoff generation can improve rainfall-runoff

The soil water retention curve (WRC), describing the relation between the soil water content and its corresponding capillary pressure, relies not only on whether drying or wetting occurs but also on the pore scale water flow velocity. Here, we investigated the effects of the watertable fluctuations on the WRC through 28 laboratory experiments covering a wide range of fluctuation amplitudes and periods

Antecedent effective rainfall (Ar) and rainfall intensity (I) play an important role in the formation process of debris flow. Establishing Ar-I threshold curve of debris flow is hence of great importance for early warning purpose. However, conventional statistical models require sufficient observation data, which is not feasible for developing countries without adequate field observation stations.

Surface water mapping is very important for studying its role in global water cycle, flooding dynamic monitoring, and water resources management. The most famous techniques for water body extraction like those based on water spectral indices (WSI) require rich spectral information. However, the WSI methods are no longer practical in high-resolution multispectral (MS) images due to insufficient spectral

The widely used probability based drought indices for drought characterization usually underlies the assumption of the considered hydrometeorological variables to be stationary, which was largely challenged under the current global change. Incorporating the parameters of probability distribution with covariates, such as time or climate indices, has become a common way to develop drought index considering

The Budyko framework was first developed to estimate actual evaporation as a function of precipitation and the aridity index at steady state conditions. Based on this framework, the water storage change in the watershed is assumed to be negligible at large spatial and temporal scales. However, steady state conditions are not valid for many watersheds worldwide or at finer temporal or spatial scales

Global simulations of hydrology and hydraulics combine network-type routing with hydrological simulations on large Hydrological Response Units (HRUs). In order to efficiently simulate the hydrological response of HRUs, empirical equations are generally applied to averaged physical parameters or empirical constants. The usage of physically-based equations on a spatial description of the HRU could provide

Climate change will likely trigger shifts in rainfall regimes that may intensify water scarcity in semi-arid regions. In the semi-arid region of Brazil, the seasonally dry ecosystem is the primary source of forage for livestock. Because the correct stocking rate of livestock (animals per area) is not well understood, overgrazing tends to advance rangeland degradation in this ecosystem. This implies

Due to the great difficulty of monitoring surface and underground runoff and sediment yield directly, the surface and underground hydrological processes associated with soil leakage loss in karst trough valleys remain unknown. The objective of this study was to analyse the role of the rock dip angle in the water and soil leakage loss processes, to assess the characteristics of surface and underground

The Kashmir Valley represents a critical region for understanding isotopic changes in the atmospheric moisture sources since it is located at the intercept between the influences of mid-latitude westerlies and the southwest monsoon circulation. This study presents the variation in isotopic composition (δ18O and δ2H) of daily precipitation samples collected from the Kashmir Valley, North-Western Himalaya

A new multi-scale groundwater modelling methodology is presented to simulate pumped water levels in abstraction boreholes within regional groundwater models, providing a robust tool for assessing the sustainable yield of supply boreholes and improving our understanding of groundwater availability during drought. A 3D borehole-scale model, which solves the Darcy-Forchheimer equation in cylindrical co-ordinates

Low impact development (LID) facilities have ability to increase evapotranspiration (ET), and thus moderate the hydrological cycle and mitigate urban heat island (UHI) effects. However, it is difficult to measure ET of LID facilities by traditional methods (e.g. weighing lysimeter, Bowen ratio system and eddy covariance system) in urban environment. A recently developed method, called three-temperature

Conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water requires integration of the entire system components into a single management model with a long-term outlook. This paper defines a cyclic storage system (CSS) of groundwater and surface water as a physically interconnected and operationally integrated surface water and groundwater subsystems with direct interactions. This paper presents a generalized

For rainfall-runoff modelling in the river-reservoir integrated catchment-command areas, the use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT-2012) is limited due to improper description of crop-field dynamics in the model framework. To model the dominant paddy-field hydrology in most of the catchments in Asian countries with tropical monsoon-type climatology, SWAT couples a pothole module in place

Anomalous atmospheric conditions which, for the most part, manifest in the form of heavy precipitation events leading to the generation of pluvial or fluvial flooding in some years, or as extended extreme dry spells resulting in the development of severe drought conditions in other years has significant implications for subsurface moisture budgets in regional and local catchments in the Canadian Prairies

Floods are widespread natural disasters having significant socio-economic impacts and require appropriate modelling and management strategies. Flood modelling is an enduring challenge, especially over the data-sparse mountainous regions such as the Himalayas, due to the lack of accurate rainfall measurements. Global datasets are often employed for flood modelling; however, their applicability over

Establishing a computational model for accurate prediction of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is critical for regional water resources planning and irrigation scheduling design. FAO Penman-Monteith equation is recommended as the standard model to predict ET0. However, its application is restricted by lack of complete meteorological data in many regions. This study evaluated the performance

Water resource is an irreplaceable natural resource for the development of human society. As a key parameter of irrigation scheduling, crop coefficient has an important reference value for precision irrigation and water-saving in agriculture. Although crop coefficient method proposed by FAO has been verified in many areas and crops, how the crop coefficient varied during a long period and whether it

As important sensitive feedback of ecosystems, spatial distribution and patterns of vegetation can remarkably reflect eco-environmental conditions in arid and semiarid areas, where groundwater plays a significant role. The impact of groundwater depth (GD) on the spatial variance in remote-sensing vegetation index is highlighted in this study over the Ordos Plateau, China. The 250 m resolution mean

The SWAT model is a semi-distributed hydrological watershed model with an explicit physical mechanism, which is widely applied in areas characterized by a wide variety of precipitation distributions and slope conditions. However, the Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) value and precipitation initial abstraction ratio were not related to slope, soil moisture content, precipitation intensity

Multi-modelling aims to make use of the strengths of single hydrologic models to improve the accuracy of simulating the watershed system behavior. Considering hydrological signatures such as the flow duration curve segmentation in the calibration of each hydrologic model leads to a better parameter identifiability. In this study, a novel weighted average model-wrapper based on flow duration curve segmentation

Dike swarms are mega-structures observed in different geological contexts which may affect groundwater flow systems. These structures are well recognizable from airborne magnetic, however it is difficult to obtain quantitative information about distribution and mean properties of dikes that generate the observed magnetic anomalies. This work presents a procedure to perform magnetic data inversion along

Natural occurrence of groundwater arsenic (As) exists in many aquifers and threatens the health of hundreds of millions of people. Adsorption of As is critical to its distribution in aquifer groundwater, as it can lower dissolved As concentrations and provide a source for As mobilization. However, little is known about As adsorption onto aquifer sediments in inland basins. To fill this gap, we investigated

It is important to investigate the potential impacts of global climate change on crop yield especially there have been limited relevant studies conducted in the cold regions such as Northeast China. This study investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of droughts on different growth stages of maize over Northeast China during 1960–2016 and the effects of droughts on the climate-induced yield

Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and pore network model (PNM) are two types of simulation methods for modelling the fluid flow in porous media at the pore scale. LBM is accurate in representing the pore structures but is computationally expensive, while PNM is very efficient but cannot capture the details of pore structures. In this work, we propose to couple these two methods to simulate two-phase drainage

Although spatial heterogeneity of soil properties, topography, and climate is commonly incorporated into ecohydrological models, the spatial and temporal variability in plant functional traits is typically overlooked. The objective of our study is to evaluate the impact of trait parameter variability on modeled ecohydrological processes. We implemented a model-data fusion approach to constrain spatiotemporally

One of the main environmental issues associated with hydraulic fracturing (HF) is the upward migration of the HF fluids from a shale reservoir to reach the shallow drinking water aquifers through preferential flow paths, such as fractures or faults. Oversimplified model structures or arbitrary boundary conditions were used in the previous studies, resulting in inaccurate results. To better describe

Shapes and boundary types of a groundwater basin play essential roles in the analysis of groundwater management and contaminant migration. Hydraulic tomography (HT), a recently developed new approach for high-resolution characterization of aquifers, is not only an inverse method but a logical strategy for collecting non-redundant hydraulic information. In this study, HT was applied to synthetic 2-D

Alon Rimmer, an outstanding tenacious hydrologist and a devoted editor and mentor passed away on April 22, 2018, at the age of 62, after fighting cancer. Alon was an eloquent writer and speaker who could express difficult concepts in simple terms with well-illustrated drawings. He applied a system approach with mathematical modeling to provide simple and practical solutions to complex problems. He

This study develops a new method for selecting the most representative climate model for use in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and evaluates this method in the Maumee River Basin. Downscaled temperature and precipitation data from 32 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models were used to drive the SWAT. Our model selection approach uses a sensitivity analysis to evaluate

Neurocomputing methods have contributed significantly to the advancement of modelling techniques in surface water hydrology and hydraulics in the last couple of decades, primarily due to their vast performance advantages and usage amenity. This comprehensive review considers the research progress in the past two decades, the current state-of-the-art, and future prospects of the application of neurocomputing

The point predictions of stochastic processes, such as evaporation, by data-driven methods such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), are associated with uncertainties. Furthermore, the performance of data-driven models, as well as their uncertainty, are dependent on the quality and quantity of the used data. The main aim of this research was the Uncertainty Quantifying (UQ) of the ANN-based evaporation

Flood forecasting for early alerts is a challenging task for hydrologists. This is particularly the case in small catchments due to a lack of upstream gauges and their flashy response. In such catchments, estimating areal mean rainfall at short intervals by applying spatial interpolation schemes based on rain gauge data in short time scales is a significant work for accurate flood forecasting. In this

Soil moisture (SM) plays an important role in regional runoff variations, energy dynamics, and vegetation productivity. It is also widely used to detecting agricultural drought. Recently, a severe drought occurred in Yunnan Province in southwestern China, so long-term changes in surface SM were of concern. However, there were only 18 SM stations in Yunnan Province, and the longest observation was less

Conservation planners and resource managers seek information about how the availability and locations of cold-water habitats will change in the future and how these predictions vary among models. We used a physical process-based model to demonstrate the implications of climate change for streamflow and water temperature in two watersheds with distinctive flow regimes: the Snoqualmie watershed (WA)

Statistical downscaling methods have been actively developed to improve the applicability of global climate models’ (GCMs) outputs to impact studies at a local scale. This study presents a multivariate bias correction (MBC) method that preserves GCM-driven climate change signals and the interdependence between hydro-climate variables by combining the quantile delta mapping (QDM) method with distribution-free