Disastrous floods result in severe loss of human lives and intense destruction to the infrastructure and economic activities. Furthermore, it leads to environmental and ecological damages located at the downstream area of the dam. This present study aims at investigating experimentally and numerically the sediment transport and morphological evolution of the erodible bed induced by dam-break flows

The hydro-mechanical coupling in the shallow crust influences both geological processes such as earthquakes and landslides and anthropogenic processes such as induced seismicity and mining-produced subsidence. Yet there have been few direct field observation to illustrate how the hydraulic and the mechanical processes are coupled. In this study we use continuous water level data from wells and ground

The complementary principle provides a simple method for estimating land surface evaporation using standard meteorological observations and has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, we propose an exponential generalized complementary function that satisfies the physical boundary conditions and constraints proposed by Brutsaert (2015). With one adjustable parameter, the new exponential

A wide range of phenomena in natural or engineered systems emerge from strongly coupled hydraulic, chemical and mechanical processes involving a mix of clearly discrete and quasi-continuous mechanisms. Non-local formulations of these processes, e.g. based on Peridynamics, offer significant advantages compared to classical local formulations. Existing Peridynamics models for water flow and chemical

The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) can supportively organize complex datasets such as highly dimensional flood inundation maps. Nevertheless, SOM may produce distinct patterns after being trained with identical samples or may not converge in clustering highly dimensional datasets, which causes usability concerns and prevents its applications from a broader spectrum. Motivated by such concerns, two training

Accurate prediction of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is essential for efficient planning and management of limited water resources through proper irrigation scheduling. The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith approach to ET0 estimation was adopted to compute ET0 from data obtained in a subtropical climatic region in Bangladesh. Quantified ET0 values along with the meteorological variables for two other Stations

Global changes in land use and land cover (LULC) and climate are expected to have profound impacts on water dynamics, which are key for human wellbeing. However, we still lack understanding of how changes in climate patterns and LULC are likely to interact and govern the hydrology at the watershed level in tropical regions in the future. Here we assessed the contribution of changes in weather patterns

The areal reduction factor (ARF) is a concept widely used in many hydrological applications. In this paper, assuming a “storm-centered” approach, new empirical laws for ARF estimation have been derived for the Calabria region (southern Italy), which are distinguished according to rainfall generation mechanisms typical of the Mediterranean area. Specifically, using data from the regional rain gauge

Quantifying the influence of human activities on hydrological drought is of great significance to sustainable water resource management, but it remains difficult. The key to solving this problem is determining how to scientifically select the natural reference tributary. On the basis of existing research, this paper puts forward a tributary-comparison method that combines the Drought Propagation Intensity

Snowpack melting in the High Atlas constitutes the major source of freshwater for the semi-arid agricultural plains of central Morocco. Snow runoff fills dams during spring and recharges groundwater, thus providing the necessary water for irrigation and hydropower production. Despite its critical importance for the region, basic questions about the High Atlas snowpack remain largely unanswered. In

In this paper, we provide a holistic view of the hydro-sedimentological regimes of the Chao Phraya River (CPR) Basin, the fifth largest basin in Southeast Asia. Our analysis of daily discharge and sediment data from 42 major gauge stations showed high seasonal variation in the suspended sediment discharge (Qs), with the maximum discharge occurring in October on an inter-annual average. At Nakhon Sawan

Shelterbelts play an important ecological function in arid irrigation land, while competing for water which otherwise supports crop growth. Estimation of shelterbelt water consumption from groundwater is essential to better manage shelterbelts in irrigation districts, but often a challenging task due to its geometry and varying accessibility to groundwater. In the study, sap flow of Populus popularis

Soil erosion plays a vital role in the performance of hydraulic projections such as earth dams and embankments. To improve the erosion resistance of the soil is crucial for preventing the dam break and assuring the safety of the hydraulic projections. In this study, three chemical stabilizers, i.e., sodium silicate (SS) solution, lignosulfonate (LS) powder, and sodium polyacrylate (PAANa), are used

Long-term imbalance of water demand over supply in drylands can result in serious ecological issues such as severe soil desiccation, posing a great challenge to sustainable development of dryland orchards. This study examined the effects of multi-intensity summer pruning on water balance, production and water use efficiency of apple orchards on China’s Loess Plateau using in situ measurements and the

Changing precipitation patterns are projected to reduce snowpack storage and late summer stream flows in mountain headwaters of the western United States. Ecosystems, agriculture, and municipalities depend on late summer flow in streams supplying water to the mountain front. Therefore, improved understanding of groundwater storage contributions to mountain streams is increasingly important. In this

Understanding how biophysical processes respond to the surface energy partitioning and water budget is essential for modeling land surface processes. In general, evapotranspiration (ET) associated with vegetation dynamics can function as a vital nexus of the surface energy partitioning and water budget. Here, a dual-source ET model, the GIS-based Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory (GIS-based

Infiltration is of great concern in many fields like hydrology, agriculture as well as geotechnical and geological engineering. This study aims to investigate water infiltration in a cracked soil. Infiltration tests were conducted on compacted soil samples with different cracking degrees by drying to various water contents. Three drying-wetting cycles were applied. Experimental results show that no

Studying the temporal dynamics and fluxes of riverine dissolved carbon is crucial in understanding the regional and global carbon cycles under various climatic conditions. Here, we studied the behaviors and fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) responding to various hydrologic conditions in the Min River, originated from Tibetan Plateau. The DIC concentrations

The Loess Plateau (LP) is a typical water-limited area. Since the revegetation plan started in 1999, the rapid growth of vegetation has not only significantly changed the local water cycle, but also probably affected regional groundwater drought. However, the effect of revegetation on groundwater drought remains largely unexplored. To this end, we isolated the groundwater anomalies from terrestrial

Tunnel excavation in karst areas could affect natural karst hydrological processes and runoff, resulting in groundwater drainage and even underground river cut-off. The hydrological model is a good tool with which to study the hydrological effect of tunnels. The application of current hydrological models in karst areas usually requires a large amount of modelling data, especially hydrogeological data

Quantifying groundwater storage in weathered/fractured basement rock aquifers can be challenging owing to both their high degree of heterogeneity and their overall low storage capacity. Therefore, in these aquifers, the use of direct borehole hydraulic data is usually insufficient. Here we assessed the popular method of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), combined with borehole data and including

Recent studies report that the extreme rainfall characteristics in most parts of the globe exhibit temporal non-stationarity. Therefore, modeling the nonstationary behavior of extreme rainfall for different water resources applications is vital. When modeling non-stationarity in extreme rainfall series, previous studies consider a single threshold value in the peaks over threshold (POT) approach to

Previous studies of confluences have mainly concentrated on their hydrodynamic characteristics and morphological dynamics. However, the increasing environmental pollution in rivers has resulted in abrupt variations in water quality at confluences, thus affecting the ecosystems in river networks. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the pollutant distribution and mixing processes at confluences

Two main processes of runoff are commonly thought to take place in a drainage basin: infiltration-excess overland flow, known also as Hortonian overland flow (HOF), and saturation overland flow (SOF). While HOF mainly takes place in arid and semiarid regions once the infiltration capacity of the upper skin of the soil (usually ∼1 mm thick) is surpassed, SOF may takes place in wet humid and subhumid

It is of primary interest to determine the extent that natural processes are linked to understand natural system dynamics. There is growing interest in investigating the coupling and coevolution occurring between natural processes and the interaction between natural systems. Soil moisture is a variable that is at the core of the interaction between multiple physical and biological processes; therefore

Toxic cyanobacteria blooms such as Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis and Oscillatoria are of critical concern for public health and environmental system globally. An algal bloom is largely influenced by factors that jointly characterize the climatology (e.g., water temperature), hydraulics (e.g., water velocity) and nutrient concentrations (e.g., phosphorus and nitrogen). While a wide range of efforts

The aim of this study is to investigate the regional hydrogeochemical spatialization and controls of the Serra Geral Aquifer System (SGAS), a transboundary fractured aquifer, across the southern region of Brazil. An extensive dataset of 1564 groundwater wells represented by 16 attributes was analyzed to identify spatial patterns and groups with similar hydrogeochemical facies. An unsupervised machine

We use the Budyko framework to examine streamflow changes due to climate variation and human activities in the Mauvais Coulee Basin, a 1002 km2 sub-basin that contributes streamflow to Devils Lake, a terminal lake that has experienced catastrophic flooding over the past three decades. The basin lies within the northern glaciated prairies, contains innumerable wetland complexes that follow fill-spill

Near-surface soil hydro-thermodynamics plays an important role in heat and water transfer between land and atmosphere. However, it is difficult to quantify these processes in field campaigns, such as movement of liquid water and water vapor. This has affected determination of ground heat flux, a key component of surface energy budget. This study aims to quantify soil heat and water processes utilizing

Soil water and groundwater are important water resources for vegetation survival and growth in arid and semiarid regions, and their contributions to water use over a whole growth period are difficult to quantify with limited observations. Additionally, the root water uptake (RWU) processes of groundwater-dependent xeric vegetation are specific and aggravate the complexity of these issues. In this paper

Sediment transport capacity (Tc) is the equilibrium sediment transport value under steady-state flow and channel conditions. Given the difficulties in controlling hydrologic parameters close to steady-state in the field, most previous studies measured transport capacity in the laboratory on either non-erodible beds or erodible beds without drainage. However, infiltration under drainage conditions and

Cascade damming has seriously affected the hydrologic regimes and solutes transport of the river systems. However, the effect of damming on carbon cycle and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, to reveal the effects of damming on riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) transport, the water chemistry and stable isotopic signature of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) were

Tides are one of the main factors affecting coastal aquifers, and thus they are important in supporting material transport and carbon circulation. In coastal mangrove swamps, the groundwater responses to tidal variations become more complicated owing to the complex topography, soil types, and the interactions of groundwater with fauna and flora. Perhaps because of this, quantitative relationships between

Increasingly available high-frequency data during storm events, when hydrological dynamics most likely activate nitrate storage-flux exchanges, reveal insights into catchment nitrate dynamics. In this study, we explored impacts of seasonality and landscape gradients on nitrate concentration-discharge (C-Q) hysteresis patterns in the Selke catchment, central Germany, which has heterogeneous combinations

To quantify the surface water-groundwater (SW-GW) exchange flux in a river basin, the inclusion of SW-GW interaction (SGI) process in the next generation earth system models is of growing concern among the hydrologic community that requires a trade-off among model complexity linking streamflow and groundwater flow domains, spatial heterogeneity, and computational demand. Although semi-distributed SGI

The use of agent-based modelling (ABM) to tackle flood-related risk challenges is becoming increasingly popular in recent years. This paper reviews the literature at the interface of ABM and flood-related studies in view of understanding the technique’s advantages and limitations to flood risk management, based on a set of 61 representative articles. In particular, to understand how this process-based

Rigorous analysis of measured isotopic composition (δ18O and δD) of 556 daily rainwater samples collected at four Indian stations viz., Jammu, Jorhat, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad, is done in conjunction with satellite and model derived meteorological and isotopic parameters to discern prominent hydrometeorological processes and factors in four different climatic zones in the Indian subcontinent. A new

Long-term meteorological drought can lead to hydrological drought by restricting water resources required by humans, such as streamflow and reservoir storage. We developed two new indices for monitoring hydrologic drought-based satellite-derived evapotranspiration, a major factor in hydrological drought occurrence. The Water Budget-based Drought Index (WBDI) estimates potential runoff by the differences

To bypass the problem of numerical instability in conducting the channel routing system, the application of an impulse response function based on the linearization of Saint Venant equations has been an alternative for predicting streamflow discharge. However, the distribution type of the impulse response function proposed by Dooge et al. (1987a) is restricted during a flood, so this approach cannot

It is critical for monthly water balance models (MWBMs) to achieve realistic hydrological modelling of total flow and its components (i.e. quick flow and baseflow) in practical application. Various methods have been developed to improve the performances of the three flow components by focusing on calibration procedures. However, the understanding of runoff partitioning structure in MWBMs for better

Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) is a well-known statistical post-processing approach for probabilistically merging individual forecasts. In BMA, the posterior distribution of the predictand variable is determined by implementing the law of total probability. Therefore, possessing an ensemble of independent members (mutually exclusive) with the highest information content about observation variability

Forest canopies create a high spatial variability of both canopy interception (Ei) and acid deposition. However, spatial characteristics of these hydrochemical fluxes along a slope gradient in forest watersheds remain unclear. Here we monitored bulk precipitation (BP), throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF), and associated nitrate (NO3−) and sulfate (SO42−) in an upper slope plot (UP) and a lower slope plot

Biofilm growth can impact seepage flow properties in the porous media, thereby affecting the performance of the infiltration systems. To better understand and characterize the biofilm distribution and its effect on seepage flow fields in the porous media with different morphologies, two-dimensional transparent flow cells were developed using X-ray images of zeolite, gravel, and ceramsite columns to

Microwave remote sensing is able to retrieve soil moisture (SM) at an adequate level of accuracy. However, these microwave remotely sensed SM products usually have a spatial resolution of tens of kilometers which cannot satisfy the requirements of fine to medium scale applications such as agricultural irrigation and local water resource management. Several SM downscaling methods have been proposed

Water security, a key policy objective for sustainable development, is under stress as a result of land use and climate change, especially in (semi-)arid areas like Iran. Land use change alters surface runoff and affects basin-wide hydrological processes and water consumption, while climate change modifies precipitation and temperature patterns and consequently evapotranspiration and water supply.

Meteorological droughts due to the concurrent occurrence of low-precipitation and high-temperature events can lead to severe negative impacts on agriculture, economy, ecosystem, and society. This study proposes a novel framework to characterize such drought conditions based on the joint variability of precipitation–temperature, particularly under climate change. Generalized hierarchical linear model

Flood inundation models are important tools in flood management. Commonly used flood inundation models, such as hydrodynamic or simplified conceptual models, are either computationally intensive or cannot simulate the temporal behavior of floods. Therefore, emulation models based on data-driven methods, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), have been developed. However, the performance of ANN

This study assesses the impact of climate change on water resources in the Upper Blue Nile (Abay) River Basin using a regional climate model (RCM), COSMO Climate Limited-area Model (CCLM), coupled with a hydrological model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using measured streamflow data from four gauging stations. Climate change projections showed increases

Flood frequency analysis (FFA) is used for estimating the return period of a design flood. Fundamental to FFA is the selection of a frequency distribution fitted to the data set, where an inappropriate choice of a distribution can lead to significant error and bias in the design flood estimate. The usual criteria for selecting a distribution are Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information

Drylands are the homes to over one-third of the world’s population, and are vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change. Based on climate projections, recent studies reported a substantial expansion of global drylands in the coming decades and attributed that expansion to future warming. However, the expansion of drylands contradicts a widespread vegetation greening and a slight runoff increase in dryland

Canopy conductance (Gc) is a crucial variable in accurately estimating latent heat flux and evapotranspiration (ET) over vegetated surfaces. Gc is highly dependent on the plant species and the surrounding environment; consequently, it is difficult to accurately simulate Gc using a simplified universal model. A number of empirical parameters and functional forms have been introduced to appropriately

Many dryland rivers are terminal systems, with small channels undergoing prominent downstream size reductions before ending on channelless floodplains, in wetlands, or at playa margins. Spaceborne Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) provide potential for assessing subtle topographic and hydrodynamic changes in these low-gradient, low-relief settings, but challenges are posed by limitations in vertical

Flow velocity is an important parameter for rill erosion process studies. The dye tracer method is the most widely used method for measuring rill flow velocity, but the influential factors and reasonable values of the correction factor α remain uncertain. Therefore, the experimental datasets from different studies were used to evaluate the α values from the previous studies could be applied to calculate

A spatiotemporal object-based rainfall analysis method is used to evaluate the hydrological response of two systematic satellite error sources for storm estimation in the Capivari catchment, Brazil. This method is called Spatiotemporal Contiguous Object-based Rainfall Analysis (ST-CORA) specifically evaluates the error structure of satellite-based rainfall products using a 3D pattern clustering algorithm