Repeated ketamine treatment to maintain a rapid antidepressant effect can lead to side effects over time, highlighting an unmet clinical need for sustaining this drug’s antidepressant action from a single administration. Ketamine-induced synaptic potentiation at CA3-CA1 synapses has been proposed to be a key synaptic substrate for antidepressant action. Here, we found that ketamine-induced CA3-CA1

It’s been 11 years since Science ’s last print redesign. Much has changed since then—in how Science is communicated, how readers engage with content, and how Science itself is produced.

Scaling up the performance of atomic clocks requires understanding complex many-body Hamiltonians to ensure meaningful gains for metrological applications. Here we use a degenerate Fermi gas loaded into a three-dimensional optical lattice to study the effect of a tunable Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian. The clock laser introduces a spin-orbit coupling spiral phase and breaks the isotropy of superexchange

Blind quantum computing is a promising application of distributed quantum systems, in which a client can perform computations on a remote server without revealing any details of the applied circuit. Although the most promising realizations of quantum computers are based on various matter-qubit platforms, implementing blind quantum computing on matter qubits remains a challenge. Using silicon-vacancy

Behind the myriad upheavals U.S. science has faced during the first 100 days of President Donald Trump’s administration, countless researchers are fighting for their careers and aspirations. Here are five who face uncertain futures

A navigating axon faces complex choices when selecting postsynaptic partners in a three-dimensional (3D) space. In this work, we discovered a principle that can establish the 3D glomerular map of the fly antennal lobe by reducing the higher dimensionality serially to 1D projections. During development, olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) axons first contact their partner projection neuron dendrites on

In January 2025, Donald Trump signed executive orders 14151 and 14173 , which were intended to eliminate all diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) activities in the federal bureaucracy and nondiscrimination requirements for federal contractors and subcontractors, respectively. These executive orders follow the Supreme Court decision in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard , in which the conservative

According to the National Bureau of Statistics, China’s urbanization ratio (i.e., the share of population living in urban areas) reached 67% in 2024, maintaining a pace of over 1 percentage point increase per year over the past 45 years. Strongly driven by national policy, such extraordinary speed and scale are described as the largest experiment in human settlement in history . The latest national

Globally, grassy ecosystems (including grasslands, savannas, shrublands, woodlands, and tundra) cover 30 to 40% of the land and provide important benefits such as climate change mitigation and adaptation, livestock production, and cultural services. However, despite their importance, the conservation of grassy ecosystems—compared with that of forests—has been neglected around the world, leading to

The endless churn of damaging actions from the Trump administration toward science—from freezing and canceling grants to ending programs that encourage greater participation in science—has wreaked havoc in American universities and reverberated around the world as worries about international collaborations and access to American scientific resources threaten the global scientific enterprise. The situation

Growth and form are deeply interconnected, in a manner often mediated by mechanical instabilities arising from geometric incompatibilities. Although Gauss incompatibility has long been recognized as the source of morphing in naturally growing slender organs, here we show that the growth profile of rose petals remains Gauss compatible. Their distinctive shape emerges from a different type of geometric

Stem cells are a promising source for cellular therapies across many diseases and tissues. Their inherent ability to differentiate into other cell types has been the focus of investigation over decades. This ability is currently being exploited for therapies using strategies to repair or replace damaged tissues and cells or to alleviate immune rejection. Exploring stem cell function has enabled direct

The gut microbiota is known to be associated with a variety of human metabolic diseases, including metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Fungi are increasingly recognized as important members of this community; however, the role of fungal symbionts in metabolic diseases is unknown. We have systematically isolated and characterized gut fungi, identifying Fusarium foetens as an intestinal

The collision of two electrons at a beam splitter provides a method for studying their coherence and indistinguishability. Its realization requires the on-demand generation and synchronization of single electrons. In this work, we demonstrate the coherent collision of single electrons, generated by voltage pulses, in a graphene Mach-Zehnder interferometer. By measuring shot noise resulting from the

Climate change increasingly drives local population dynamics, shifts geographic distributions, and threatens persistence. Gene flow and rapid adaptation could rescue declining populations yet are seldom integrated into forecasts. We modeled eco-evolutionary dynamics under preindustrial, contemporary, and projected climates using up to 9 years of fitness data from 102,272 transplants (115 source populations)

Efforts to address declines of North American birds have been constrained by limited availability of fine-scale information about population change. By using participatory science data from eBird, we estimated continental population change and relative abundance at 27-kilometer resolution for 495 bird species from 2007 to 2021. Results revealed high and previously undetected spatial heterogeneity in

Many worry about retribution. But for others, speaking out is worth the risk.

The beagle has sacrificed much for biomedical research-was it worth it?

Influenza viruses replicate and transcribe their genome in the context of a conserved ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. By integrating cryo-electron microscopy single-particle analysis and cryo-electron tomography, we define the influenza RNP as a right-handed, antiparallel double helix with the viral RNA encapsidated in the minor groove. Individual nucleoprotein subunits are connected by a flexible

Companies find enticing drug leads that bind to tricky cell membrane proteins.

Brazil, the largest Latin American country, is underrepresented in genomic research despite boasting the world's largest recently admixed population. In this study, we generated 2723 high-coverage whole-genome sequences from the Brazilian population, including urban, rural, and riverine communities representing diverse ethnic backgrounds. We reveal the impressive genomic diversity of Brazilians, identifying

The regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling by different orthosteric ligands is thought to occur through shifts in dynamically interconverting, conformational distributions. Such changes in dynamical distributions have been detected so far only by very sparse, often non-native experimental probes at low resolution. Using a recently developed paramagnetic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

Mixing electroactive materials, solid-state electrolytes, and conductive carbon to fabricate composite electrodes is the most practiced but least understood process in all-solid-state batteries, which strongly dictates interfacial stability and charge transport. We report on universal halide segregation at interfaces across various halogen-containing solid-state electrolytes and a family of high-energy

Politics and lawsuits imperil plans to divert the Mississippi River to build new land.

Safety issues with the only available vaccine are complicating the response to chikungunya.

Directive aims to restrict gain-of-function studies on microbes and more, but no one knows what's affected.

Scholars find lessons for today in foundational energy texts with an emphasis on the Global South.

What circumstances might justify deliberate, full extinction of a species?

Mountain biodiversity reorganizes rapidly as species shift upslope to track temperatures. Pervasive species redistribution poses substantial threats to mountain ecosystems, a phenomenon sometimes described as an "escalator to extinction," primarily through mountaintop extinctions, range shift gaps (i.e., rapid shifts of suitable temperatures getting ahead of narrow-range species' upper limits), and

Bats are important reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, but suitable model systems for comprehensively exploring host-pathogen interactions and assessing spillover risks remain limited. To address this gap, we developed a collection of bat organoid models spanning five species and four organ types. This multispecies, multiorgan organoid panel showed species- and tissue-specific replication patterns for

A diverse organoid panel illuminates bat-virus interactions and the potential of trans-species spillover.

Democrats question latest changes in how the research agency makes grants.

Astrocyte signaling pathways influence neuronal networks and behavioral responses to neuromodulators.

Genome sequencing of 1537 individuals from 139 ethnic groups reveals the genetic characteristics of understudied populations in North Asia and South America. Our analysis demonstrates that West Siberian ancestry, represented by the Kets and Nenets, contributed to the genetic ancestry of most Siberian populations. West Beringians, including the Koryaks, Inuit, and Luoravetlans, exhibit genetic adaptation

Climate affects habitat, food availability, and the movement and sustainability of all life. In this work, we apply Indigenous and Western scientific methods, including genomics and isotope profiling, on fossils from across Beringia to explore the effect of climate change on horses. We find that Late Pleistocene horses from Alaska and northern Yukon are related to populations from Eurasia and crossed

Two-dimensional strongly interacting electrons crystalize into a solid phase known as the Wigner crystal at low densities and form a Fermi liquid at high densities. At intermediate densities, the two-dimensional solid evolves into a strongly correlated liquid phase around a critical density. We observed this quantum melting of a disordered Wigner solid in bilayer molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) using

A leading HIV vaccine strategy requires a priming immunogen to induce broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) precursors, followed by a series of heterologous boosters to elicit somatic hypermutation (SHM) and produce bnAbs. In two randomized, open-label phase 1 human clinical trials, IAVI-G002 in the United States and IAVI-G003 in Rwanda and South Africa, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of

Programmable gene integration in human cells has the potential to enable mutation-agnostic treatments for loss-of-function genetic diseases and facilitate many applications in the life sciences. CRISPR-associated transposases (CASTs) catalyze RNA-guided DNA integration but thus far demonstrate minimal activity in human cells. Using phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE), we generated CAST variants

A protective HIV vaccine will need to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in humans, but priming rare bnAb precursor B cells has been challenging. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 1 human clinical trial, the recombinant, germline-targeting envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer BG505 SOSIP.v4.1-GT1.1, adjuvanted with AS01 B , induced bnAb precursors of the VRC01-class at a high

Within the intestine, peripherally-induced regulatory T (pTreg) cells play an essential role in suppressing inflammatory responses to food proteins. However, the identity of antigen-presenting cells (APC) that instruct food-specific pTreg cells is poorly understood. Here, we found that a subset of Thetis cells, TC IV, is required for food-specific pTreg cell differentiation. TC IV were almost exclusively

The Cambrian evolutionary radiation is noted for its profusion of bizarre and unfamiliar body forms, many of which illuminate the early ancestry of major animal groups. The spine-covered fossil Shishania aculeata (Cambrian Stage 4, Yunnan, China) has been interpreted as intermediate between mollusks and their lophotrochozoan ancestors. Our new material challenges this interpretation. We propose taphonomic

Ultrasound waves can penetrate thick tissues and print implants on demand inside a body.

Skyrmions in noncentrosymmetric materials are believed to occur due to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. By contrast, the skyrmion formation mechanism in centrosymmetric materials remains elusive. Here, we reveal the intrinsic electronic structure of the centrosymmetric GdRu2Si2 by selectively measuring magnetic domains using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). We found robust Fermi

Pancreatic cancer cells express cryptic peptides shared across patients that may be therapeutic targets.

Saturated heterocycles are commonly adorned with groups that influence their biological properties. Synthetic methods that transpose existing substituents on saturated heterocycles to multiple peripheral positions are therefore highly valuable. In this work, we report a formal 1,2-acyl transposition through the photochemical exchange of the C2-C3 positions of C2-acylated dihydrobenzofurans. This strategy

Size and shape are critical discriminators between molecular species and states. We describe a microchip-based high-throughput imaging approach offering rapid and precise determination of molecular properties under native solution conditions. Our method detects differences in molecular weight across at least three orders of magnitude and down to two carbon atoms in small molecules. We quantify the

De novo design of protein catalysts with high efficiency and stereoselectivity provides an attractive approach toward the design of environmentally benign catalysts. Here, we design proteins that incorporate histidine-ligated synthetic porphyrin and heme ligands. Four of 10 designed proteins catalyzed cyclopropanation with an enantiomeric ratio greater than 99:1. A second class of proteins were designed

Adolescents' expectations of upward mobility are higher where income disparities are more pronounced.

Three-dimensional printing offers promise for patient-specific implants and therapies but is often limited by the need for invasive surgical procedures. To address this, we developed an imaging-guided deep tissue in vivo sound printing (DISP) platform. By incorporating cross-linking agent-loaded low-temperature-sensitive liposomes into bioinks, DISP enables precise, rapid, on-demand cross-linking of

Translation of the noncoding genome in cancer can generate cryptic (noncanonical) peptides capable of presentation by human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I); however, the cancer specificity and immunogenicity of noncanonical HLA-I-bound peptides (ncHLAp) are incompletely understood. Using high-resolution immunopeptidomics, we discovered that cryptic peptides are abundant in the pancreatic cancer immunopeptidome

The one-of-a-kind initiative offered support from high school to postdoctoral levels.

Hundreds of grants get axed in a research field where the United States was a global leader.

Stirring outrage, halt on new "subawards" could complicate international projects including large clinical trials.

Ethics experts raise concerns over consent and study design.

Funding for key science agencies would be cut in half under 2026 budget plan.