The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of highly weathered tropical soils is often bimodal, presenting two main slopes that are strongly related to the macro and micropores. The bimodal SWCC behavior is commonly attributed to fine particle aggregations that affect soil fabric and its pore-size distribution. In this paper, the relationship between basic soil properties (e.g., the Atterberg limits

Fracture spatial distributions significantly impact the mechanical properties of rocks and play a vital role in subsurface flow and transmission. However, many studies generate random geometrical distributions for fractures, leading to unrealistic subsurface models. This paper describes a new method for analyzing and modeling fracture spatial distributions based on borehole and outcrop observations

Landslides occurring in mountain reservoirs could induce severe geological hazards, posing substantial risks on both the infrastructure and life. Considering the hazards always encompass different spatial and temporal scales, this paper proposes a novel hybrid Discrete Element Method (DEM) - Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Shallow Water Equations (SWEs) method to study the landslide motion

Deepwater oil and gas resources are vital for meeting global energy demand, supporting economic growth, and ensuring energy security. The marine engineering geology of deepwater environment presents significant challenges for drilling operations, with rock behavior of deep granitic formations increasing the risk of well control incidents. Rate of Penetration (ROP) is a crucial parameter for evaluating

When a tunnel is constructed using drilling and blasting techniques beneath a landfill, investigating the propagation laws of blast-induced vibration waves within the landfill is crucial for ensuring the successful construction of the tunnel and maintaining the stability of the landfill. This study, based on on-site monitoring data, employed the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive

Soil liquefaction is a major contributor to earthquake damage. Evaluating the potential for liquefaction by conventional experimental or empirical methods is both time-intensive and laborious. Utilizing a machine learning model capable of precisely forecasting liquefaction potential might diminish the time, effort, and expenses involved. This research introduces an innovative predictive model created

Improper anti-drainage treatment of weakly expansive soil subgrades can lead to significant post-construction deformation and uneven settlement, which severely affect the operational safety and service life of engineering projects. To comprehensively analyze the evolution of soil volume and strength under different hydraulic coupling paths during wetting-drying (W-D) cycles, a loaded W-D cycle testing

In seismically active Taiwan, soil liquefaction poses a significant challenge to offshore wind farm development. This study introduces an advanced artificial neural network (ANN) model to assess liquefaction susceptibility, trained on a synthetic database using parameters from the NCEER method. Among six machine learning techniques evaluated, the proposed ANN model demonstrated outstanding predictive

The VS30 was introduced as a representative parameter of the site's seismic amplification and is currently considered to prescribe site-dependent design response spectra. Although the determination of VS30 by geophysical methods can be time-consuming, using empirical relationships between this quantity and the slope of the terrain is a rapid and very low-cost procedure that may be sufficient for some

Bonded Block Model (BBM) is gaining popularity in understanding the grain-scale micromechanics along with the macroscopic response of rocks to a variety of loading. However, the understanding of the application of BBM and the effect of different parameters on the estimated dynamic behaviour of rocks is lacking. This study aims to investigate the effect of different sample, experimental and modelling

The moisture accumulation and freezing damage of coarse-grained fill (CGF) in high-speed railway (HSR) subgrades have been widely concerned. Based on the newly developed water-vapor-heat-mechanical coupling test apparatus, a series of soil column tests were carried out to investigate the frost heave mechanism of CGF. The results indicate that the liquid water in CGF is discontinuous and difficult to

In-situ stress has become the main factor affecting the safe, efficient, and precise blasting excavation of deep rock masses. The blasting crater is a key research subject for understanding the principles of blasting action in deep rock masses. To explore the theoretical model of the spatiotemporal propagation of blasting stress waves, the formation mechanism of the blasting crater, and the evolution

Counterweight fill, which involves adding mass to potentially unstable areas, such as the slope base or toe, is a common and effective technique for slope stabilization owing to its ease of installation and familiarity. As both a temporary and permanent preventive measure, both the design and analysis of counterweight fill require careful consideration to ensure a balanced distribution of the added

We develop a methodology for building stochastic discrete fracture networks (DFNs) based on the solution of a generalized version of the stereology inverse problem incorporating constraints derived from fracture stratigraphy. The DFN is simulated inside a layer-cake model, whose interfaces conform to the available fracture stratigraphy information. For each layer, estimates of the power law exponent

Engineering geological investigations indicate that confined water exists in the stratum during the warm season in permafrost regions and in underground engineering employing artificial ground freezing (AGF) to isolate groundwater, causing significant upward deformation of the stratum and frost damage to engineering structures. However, limited studies have explored the effect and mechanism of hydraulic

Mapping and evaluating rock mass discontinuities using point clouds is a critical task in mining, civil, and geological engineering. Rock discontinuities can significantly impact the integrity, strength, and stability of rock masses. The orientation of these discontinuities is also a key characteristic of the rock mass. Accurate orientation estimation from point clouds enables more precise predictions

The permeability of undeformed, deformed and/or altered granites (Toki, Inada), and artificial porous ceramics, were tested by gas-probe permeameters (steady-state gas flow and transient pressure-pulse). The gas leak evaluation is essential in such tests. Here we demonstrate that stabilized apparent permeability vs. applied load does not guarantee no-leak condition, but the gas leaks are effectively

Efficient prediction of landslide dam stability is crucial for emergency response and damage reduction. In this study, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on eight landslide dam characteristics. Four machine learning (ML) algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Logistic Regression (LR), are then applied to predict the stability of

The active Chegualin Fault in southwestern Taiwan's mudstones exhibits high annual horizontal and vertical displacement rates, severely damaging the viaduct section of National Freeway No. 3 and endangering driving safety. The Chegualin Fault displays interseismic creep characteristics, which have always been a topic of concern. This study discusses the factors that affect fault behavior, including

Rock slope failures occur frequently in mountainous regions. However, research on the internal deformation and failure evolution mechanism of fractured valley rock slopes caused by dominant crack propagation remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, this study used the bank slope of the newly constructed Nujiang Grand Bridge as a prototype to perform model tests on slopes with dominant cracks

Earthquake is one of the main factors inducing landslide. By establishing a viscoelastic soil-elastic bedrock binary slope model, this research proposes a seismic stability evaluation approach that can consider the material properties and geometric characteristics of the slope. First, it is assumed that seismic waves vertically propagate from the base as harmonic waves. Second, the model satisfies

The uncertainty of soil properties and their cross-correlations play significant roles in probabilistic results, emphasizing the need to consider rational and accurate values. In this study, the cross-correlations among soil properties (cohesion, friction angle, and unit weight of soil) were identified using data obtained from 100 ground surveys conducted on natural mountain slopes, confirming a strong

In cold regions, the migration of soil and rock particles during freeze-thaw cycles results in uniquely patterned ground. Migration mechanisms of rock particles with inverse grading in talus are still unclear in scree deposits. Here, we designed a physical model test using a camera, a displacement meter, and a thermometer to investigate the migration behavior and related migration mechanisms of scree

At present, the three-dimensional (3D) landslide post-failure behaviors probabilistic model has been limited due to many technical challenges, especially computational efficiency. This also restrains the exploration of the impact of geometries and geo-conditions in the direction perpendicular to the 2D plane. This study proposes a novel 3D stochastic numerical simulation model combined the high-performance

The freeze-thaw cycles in permafrost regions significantly impact infrastructure stability. While satellite sensing provides a broad perspective for engineering site selection, it lacks the in-depth assessments. Geophysical methods can effectively provide valuable insights into the states of permafrost thawing, but any single method has limitations. To address this, we applied an integrated geophysical

The paper addresses the quantitative risk analysis for a state road crossing an area of southern Italian Apennines diffusively affected by slow-moving landslides. In this area, Palaeozoic gneissic rocks suffering from intense weathering processes, which produce complex and deep weathering profiles, are present, and this determines severe predisposing conditions to deep-seated slow-moving landslides

To gain a deep understanding of the dynamics of dry rock-ice granular flows, the local rheology was investigated numerically. For mono-disperse granular materials, theoretically, the μ(I) rheology describes the relationship between the effective friction coefficient μ and inertial number I, and the solid volume fraction Φ depends linearly on the inertial number. The generality of these two relationships

Accurate characterization of fractured media is fundamental in the geological and geotechnical engineering applications such as coal mine production, deep geological disposal and enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). However, traditional inversion strategies are limited in their ability to characterize high-dimensional and non-Gaussian fractured media. Furthermore, a significant amount of observation

This study investigates the variability and uncertainty of shear wave velocity (Vs) with depth, focusing on the standard deviation of the natural logarithm of Vs (σlnVs) using a dataset of nearly 15,000 profiles from the Italian seismic microzonation studies. Seismic microzone clusters (SM), defined by geological and geophysical homogeneity, and geographical clusters (GC), based on survey density,

Reservoir drawdown induces cyclic water level fluctuations, exposing geomaterials in drawdown areas to repetitive wet-dry cycles and cyclic shearing forces. Understanding the deterioration mechanisms of geomaterials under these conditions is crucial for ensuring the long-term stability of the geomaterials in drawdown areas. This study systematically explores the deterioration mechanisms of jointed

Urban large geological models (LGMs) are essential for characterizing subsurface conditions for underground digital twins, facilitating informed decision-making. Incorporating uncertainty and efficient tuning methods for LGMs are indispensable technologies for enhancing reliability with dynamic geotechnical databases, yet these aspects are not fully addressed in current studies. This research proposes

Landslide deformation prediction is a critical component of disaster early warning systems and significantly contributes to disaster prevention and mitigation. However, the high cost of traditional deformation monitoring equipment limits its extensive application across large areas. Furthermore, existing landslide deformation prediction methods often overlook the nonlinear influence of meteorological

Salt weathering significantly contributes to the deterioration of porous building materials, particularly in stone cultural heritage. However, the origins of salts and water responsible for salt weathering remain poorly understood. This study focuses on the Yungang Grottoes, known for severe salt weathering. We collected 15 salt-bearing rock samples from 8 caves to determine the types of salts, 16

Flash floods are frequent natural hazard events in many parts of the world. Generally, they occur in small catchments drained by torrential streams that feed alluvial fans or fan deltas. In the Mediterranean region, these phenomena are particularly common during the spring and autumn seasons, often causing significant damage to buildings, infrastructures, agriculture, and sometimes resulting in fatalities

Underground excavations often involve soft, weathered soils and rocky formations that are mechanically unstable, necessitating effective stabilization methods. Artificial ground freezing (AGF) has emerged as a viable option, offering enhanced mechanical strength and reduced permeability. However, challenges such as frost heave and thaw-induced displacements, especially in urban settings, remain critical

The distribution of hydrogeological materials affects geotechnical engineering, groundwater flow and transport, and geomechanics. The number and spatial distribution of boreholes influence the construction of hydrogeological models. This study examined the impact of spatial borehole density on the geostatistical properties and construction of three-dimensional heterogeneous hydrogeological models (HHMs)

Conserving an underground heritage site in a karst environment poses significant challenges because of the complexity of the physical phenomena involved. The deterioration of cave walls is mainly caused by condensation and infiltration, which originates from the thermal behaviour of the cave and the surrounding rock mass. This phenomenon is difficult to describe because it depends on the heterogeneity

Earthquake-triggered landslides are prone to occur on the hanging wall of faults, yet the failure mechanism of co-seismic landslides affected by reverse faulting remains poorly understood. In this study, we explore the dynamic response and failure mechanism of cross-fault slopes by conducting reverse fault physical modeling on large-scale shaking table model testing. A novel movable model box with

Determining the precise boundary of coal seams is a significant challenge in the field of intelligent coal mining. Traditional drilling methods have proven inefficient in detecting the coal-rock interface of the roof, failing to meet the standards required for smart mining operations. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a novel rotating ground-penetrating radar (GPR) observation method

Geotechnical engineers rely on accurate soil property information for engineering analyses. However, it is challenging for spatial learning of soil attributes because in-situ geotechnical testing is typically performed sparsely at discrete locations, and soil properties also exhibit inherent spatial variability. Traditional geostatistical methods for predicting spatial properties at these unsampled

The sedimentation process preconditions the strength and stress state of soils in sloping seabed, yet it is often ignored in studies of the seismic-induced instability of underwater slopes. Additionally, the conventional total stress-based analysis struggles to explicitly capture excess pore pressure variation and effectively assess sedimentary slope instability under seismic excitation. In this study

Owing to its versatility in civil-engineering applications such as slope stabilisation, foundation consolidation, and tunnel construction, jet grouting has been lauded for its swift implementation, cost effectiveness, and high structural integrity. This study introduces an innovative framework and procedural technique for landslide reinforcement using jet grouting. Using the transfer-coefficient method

Frequent weak disturbances can induce dynamic shear slip along rock joints and potentially trigger dynamic hazards in rock masses. This study experimentally investigates the dynamic slip, failure, and instability behavior of jointed rocks under repeated shear disturbances. A custom dynamic shear testing apparatus was used to examine sawtooth-shaped rock joints subjected to weak shear disturbances,

Soil-water characteristic curve (SWCCs) are crucial in engineering geology and geotechnical engineering for understanding the behavior of unsaturated soils, such as loess, which directly affects permeability, shear strength, and volume change-key factors in slope stability and soil-structure interactions. Conventionally, SWCC estimation relies on multiple (saying approximately ten) measurements fitted

Roto-translational landslides usually exhibit creep deformation along sliding surfaces, showing transverse cracks on the ground surfaces. However, the scarcity of experimental data has significantly hindered a deep understanding of their failure mechanisms. This research probes into the rotational failure phenomena of landslides in stiff clay formations, utilizing geotechnical centrifuge modelling

The discontinuous geological structures and crystalline characteristics of granite reservoirs drive hydraulic fracturing behavior, significantly influencing the process and effectiveness of reservoir stimulation. This paper introduces an improved three-dimensional thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled peridynamic crystal model (THM-PDCM) incorporating thermal cracking, nonlinear mechanics, and hydraulic

Vegetation significantly influences soil hydraulic conductivity, with the extent of this influence depending on root morphology and density, which vary across different developmental stages of plants. This research investigates the interaction dynamics between plant roots (during both growth and decay) and desiccation cracks, as well as the combined impact of vegetation, cracks, and seasonal variations

Singapore is dedicated to developing geothermal resources to meet rising energy demand and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. While above-average heat flow and local hot springs suggest high geothermal potential beneath Singapore, the associated deep thermal sources remain underexplored due to a limited understanding of the subsurface structure. Applying ambient noise tomography and converted/reflected

Earthflows are landslide processes characterized by the viscous movement of predominantly fine-grained and often water-saturated material down a slope or gully. They occur at a broad range of velocities, but generally do not display extremely rapid movement (such as debris flows, snow avalanches, or rock avalanches). Examples include the Gschliefgraben earthflow in the Austrian Alps and the Chirleşti

The Zhouqu region is located in the middle reaches of the Bailong River in southern Gansu Province. It is recognised as one of the most active geohazards regions in China. This paper presents more than a decade of observations (2010−2023) of the evolution of landslides along an active fault zone in the Zhouqu region. A varied lithology comprises shales and phyllites in a fault-controlled geomorphology

This study applies a spatial multi-criteria analysis to assess ground suitability for pier-supported viaduct railways using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). By integrating expert judgments, the analysis evaluates six key geotechnical categories—soil type, soil depth, rock type, slope, wetness index, and groundwater occurrence—to map ground suitability. Three weight normalisation methods were

Geotechnical deformation monitoring is of great significance for characterizing and understanding the evolution law of geological hazards. In recent years, distributed Sensor-enabled piezoelectric geocable (SPGC) have shown great application potential due to their advantages of wide strain measurement, high sensitivity, and low cost. However, as a distributed monitoring method for the entire lifecycle

CO2 geological sequestration plays an important role in energy and environmental sustainability. However, CO2 channeling through fracture networks in shale reservoirs reduces sequestration efficiency. Injecting CO2 followed by water flooding, driven by capillary forces, can suppress CO2 channeling and enhance sequestration. This work establishes pore-scale models for CO2-oil and water-CO2-oil flows

This paper presents a method for assessing the predictive capability of three-dimensional (3D) trajectographic simulation models by back-analysis of real rockfall events. Relying on the Optimal Transport theory, we measure the difference between observed and simulated rock stop points distributions with the Wasserstein distance: this metric can be seen as a measure of the mean distance between observed

Gaining insights into landslide deposits form can help achieve a better understanding of the overall landslide dynamics. Previous studies have focused on understanding global characteristics of the runout process and final deposit, without attempting to comprehend the deposition process and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we employed a combination of flume experiments and numerical simulations based

The occurrence of hydrocarbon gases in marine sediments is prevalent worldwide. Their leakage into the atmosphere is recognized as a significant contributor to global warming. However, the mechanism by which these gases invade overlying sediments and the conditions under which gas presence in the seabed becomes unsustainable remain poorly understood. Here we present an analysis procedure that for the

In rock engineering, hydraulic properties are typically estimated by investigating and analyzing the spatial distribution and mechanical characteristics of fractures, which is supplemented by a surface geological survey and limited in situ hydrogeological tests. However, these approaches face challenges owing to considerable scale effects in fracture distribution and geometric parameters, as well as

The formation and deformation of landslides lead to continuous variations in the stress-strain state of surrounding rock masses, consequently triggering alterations in aquifer properties. Continuously measuring landslide permeability is challenging, particularly in assessing aquifer properties without human disturbance under natural landslide-induced loads. In this study, continuous measurements of

Long-term deformation in tunneling is typically associated with consolidation and creep, two time-dependent processes that may occur simultaneously and are superimposed. However, from tunnel convergence measurements these two processes cannot be distinguished. Thus, an accurate laboratory characterization of creep mechanisms under long-term in-situ conditions (i.e., fully saturated and drained) is

Frost weathering plays a critical role in rockwall instability in alpine environments. This paper offers a new insight into the shallow alpine rockfall mechanism from the frost cracking perspective. A numerical framework based on the three-dimensional (3D) combined finite discrete element method (FDEM) is developed to simulate the cryogenic thermal-mechanical coupled processes in cold regions (e.g