Cities are emerging as leading forces for climate change adaptation and resilience. Many approaches and tools have been developed and used to measure climate resilience in cities. In this study, we explore if and how such tools can be or have been used to support decision-making for building urban climate resilience. We applied a deep analysis of 27 tools developed for measuring urban climate resilience

Air pollution is a factor of concern on a global scale, accelerating the deterioration of historic medieval architecture and having harmful effects on human health. The general objective of this study is to understand the risks of atmospheric contamination that contribute to the degradation of the medieval historical heritage of (1) Bab El Bhar, (2) the Tunis Train Station and (3) the Bardo National

This study analysed the spatial temperature differences among urban structural environments with different meteorological elements, and radiant fluxes in the energy balance system using surface characteristics. A simulation was performed by evaluating the radiant flux, using the SOlar and LongWave Environmental Irradiance Geometry (SOLWEIG) model. The simulation reading of upward longwave radiant flux

One-size-fits-all approach is common in climate-sensitive urban design due to neglecting spatial heterogeneities in urban form and urban climate. This study explores a spatially-varied climate-sensitive urban design based on the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA). Three thermal indices, the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), the Apparent Temperature (AT), and the Universal Thermal Climate

This study examines cool-roof effects on thermal and wind environments in Seoul, South Korea during the 2018 heat wave through Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations. Two 37-day simulations, one with cool roofs that have a higher albedo and the other with conventional roofs, are conducted. In the daytime, cool roofs decrease the 2-m temperature, 10-m wind speed, surface sensible and

Understanding the role of urbanization in extreme temperature events can help mitigate their negative impacts. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the effect of urbanization on extreme temperature events in Liaoning Province, China, from a spatiotemporal perspective. First, eight extreme temperature indices were selected from the temperature data for the period 1959–2018. Climatic regions corresponding

The outdoor mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) is largely influenced by the direct solar radiation incident on the human body, mainly affected by the projected area factor (fp). The fp has been calculated by different methods and compared by some studies. However, how the fp quantitatively affects outdoor thermal comfort has rarely been studied. Therefore, this study established sitting, standing, and

The atmospheric process of a hydrological cycle is an important factor in the regional hydrological cycle, which determines dry-wet conditions in the region. In recent years, droughts have occurred frequently and covered a wide area in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, so the study of the atmospheric hydrological cycle in this region is vitally important for drought control. Drivers of different

Using a parallelized LES model (PALM) the importance of additional transport terms generated by applying time and area averaging on the fluxes of resolved scale variables (i.e. dispersive momentum (scalar) fluxes) compared to conventional turbulent momentum (scalar) fluxes in different street canyons is investigated. It is shown that the role of dispersive fluxes in the total flux is much greater than

Residential areas play an important role in the formation of the urban heat island (UHI). Many studies adopted hypothetical or simplified models to analyze UHI in residential areas based on numerical simulation. Nevertheless there is still a lack of an accurate and efficient method to obtain typical residential district models with regional characteristics. This paper presented an analytical method

In recent years, the occurrence and frequency of haze have constantly been increasing, bringing severe threats to people's daily lives. To this end, this paper discusses the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of severe haze in China, analyzes the interaction between haze pollution and the influence of economy and energy structure on haze in 31 provinces of China. It provides references

Mumbai, the compact megacity, the economic capital of India, is highly vulnerable to severe weather conditions, particularly related to the rainfall phenomenon. A MESO-scale rain gauge NETwork (MESONET) comprises 131 rain gauges scattered over the Mumbai metropolitan region is established to have instantaneous rainfall information. A real-time web-based rainfall data portal is set up as a public i

The abnormal heat island (AHI) effect has recently been reported in several karst cities. However, the combined effect of the abnormal and urban heat island (UHI) effect is still a gap. This study analyzed the combined effect the AHI and UHI in Guiyang, a typical rapidly urbanizing karst mountain city, to provide insights into the variation and formation of AHIs and UHIs using Landsat imagery. Although

Climate change induced by global warming will produce more frequent heatwaves and intensify urban heat islands, thereby increasing heating related risks. Given this scenario, it is important to mitigate heat on urban ecosystems to promote their resilience. This study aims to develop a method to identify heat vulnerable urban areas by considering the land surface temperature (LST) distribution and landscape

This study presents a new approach to study long-term temperature and urban heat island intensity (UHII) evolution based on the method of time-depended spectroscopy on the example of Moscow megacity. In contrast to standard spectroscopy, this method allows analyzing the changes of the amplitude Fourier spectrum of the time series along the study period. Applying the novel method to the air temperature

Flood control schemes and the scale of drainage facilities are closely related to the occurrence of rainstorms and the tide level of an outer river, so it is necessary to study the probability of the occurrence of rainstorms and the tide levels. Based on the daily rainfall and tide level data of Jiangyin station from 1956 to 2018 in the Wuchengxiyu region of Taihu Lake basin, copula functions were

Typical pavement construction materials, such as concrete and cement can significantly increase the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in tropical cities. The optimized pavement designs can, however, moderate the temporal intensities of the UHI effect by altering the radiation and heating absorption capacities. This study empirically analyses and attempts to inversely quantify the effect of pavement texture

Model-based studies investigating the spatial and temporal variability of air temperature are commonly employed to assess heat mitigation strategies in cities. To generate reliable predictions, it is therefore important that models are capable to accurately predict air temperature variability across the city to account for the local climate context. The present study explores the sensitivity of the

Reducing the pollution concentration on the urban street ventilation is significant for creating a healthy urban living environment. In this study, the effects of source location on airflow patterns and pollutant transmission in street canyons under the influence of wind and thermal buoyancy forces have been investigated using the CFD approach. Also using the RNG k-ε model, RANS equations, and the

Numerical sensitivity experiments were carried out to evaluate the impact of urban sprawl in Manaus on a squall line (SL) event. Four scenarios were considered: non-urban, current urban area, three times and six times the current urban area. It was seen the urban growth produces an immediate change in the latent heat flux due to the replacement of forest cover by urban cover and increases temperatures

This study analyses mobile measurements of urban temperatures in Dijon (eastern France) to quantify the influence of urban form on the micro-scale variability of air temperature. A route was ridden identically on 33 spring and summer evenings on a bike fitted out with measuring instruments (VeloClim). These evenings followed sunny calm days conducive to the formation of thermal contrasts and urban

Cities play a crucial role in reducing CO2 emissions. In order to support the efforts of local authorities, the European Commission launched the Covenant of Mayors (CoM). CoM signatories commit to reduce CO2 by at least 20%in 2020, to prepare a Baseline Emission Inventory (BEI) and to submit a Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP). The paper aims to assess the distribution of intended emission reductions

Nontraditional participation is increasingly called for to emphasize inclusiveness and transformation from the perspectives of affected populations for climate resilience. Photovoice, a participatory action research method, has been utilized in various fields for revealing critical matters through the local lens. Meanwhile, social network sites (SNSs) such as Facebook act as an interactive platform

In recognition of the importance of equitable climate adaptation, municipalities have increasingly utilized participatory planning processes that engage communities. However, while climate adaptation planning has become more open to public input, these processes still do not ensure equitable outcomes. This study examined equity concerning climate adaptation planning processes in New York City with

This study attempts to explore the impacts of atmospheric stability on characterising the seasonal and spatial patterns of the nocturnal surface (sUHI) and canopy air (aUHI) heat islands in Oklahoma City (OKC), US. The urban meteorological network in OKC provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the impact of stability on UHI due to the routine collection of data at two heights. This enables the calculation

In this study, we proposed a new methodology of urban thermal environment based on LANDSAT-8 data, to quantitate the influence of various LUTs on the ambient land surface temperature (LST). In this methodology, we developed an urban thermal environment contribution index based on the sliding spatial adaptative window (SSAW-CI), to better quantitate the thermal contribution of each LUT. Two basic assumptions

Attribution of climate change and human activities have been extensively discussed over the past few decades, particularly in urbanization area. However, the relationships among different factors may not be well explained by traditional statistical methods. In this study, we took one of the highly urbanized regions, Central Taihu Basin, as an example. Linear regression (LR), random forest (RF) and

Evapotranspiration effect of urban vegetation has been recognized to mitigate the urban thermal stress such as urban heat island (UHI) effect. Continuing from the previous offline study on the effect of tree evapotranspiration, this study employs the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM) to investigate the effect of tree evapotranspiration

In the present study, we have investigated the spatio-temporal variation in concentrations of PM2.5 and its chemical constituents [organic carbon, elemental carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, levoglucosan, and water-soluble inorganic ions, organics] during pre-Diwali, Diwali, and post-Diwali days (13-30th October 2017) in Delhi. PM2.5 has been collected from seven strategic locations spread across

Since the development of remote sensing, studies on urban heat islands (UHIs) have mainly focused on surface UHI (SUHI), which is more than the atmospheric UHI (AUHI). Remote sensing advancements provide strong technical support for SUHI studies. However, the acquisition of air temperature (AT), especially high-resolution large-scale AT data, remains inconvenient. In this study, we selected the Greater

The sky view factor (SVF) has been recognized as an indicator to evaluate the openness of streets in the field of urban planning. It represents the ratio of the visible sky area to the total sky area at one point in space. However, due to the time-consuming and laborious acquisition of data and manual detection in traditional measurement methods, the SVF measurement in large-scale space has been greatly

The present work determines the temporal and size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in tropical urban air in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Particulate matter (PM) fractions were assessed using a nanosampler in accordance with the seasonal cycle in Malaysia. The 16 USEPA priority PAHs were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The health risks were

To compare the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metal in indoor and outdoor PM2.5 from coal-fired and non-coal-fired area in winter of Qian'an City, PM2.5 samples were collected in January 2016. The methods of EF and PCA were used to discuss the sources of heavy metal in PM2.5. The results showed that the average concentration indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were 128.45 and 46.27 μg/m3) in coal-fired

Passive daytime radiative cooling is gaining increasing relevance as recent studies report that newly developed materials with very high reflectivity and emissivity could be able to effectively reduce urban heat stress, when applied as roofing material (super cool roofs). A recent microscale sensitivity study with ENVI-met modeled the impact of super cool roofs with maximum air temperature reductions

The undeniable role of urban valleys in improving pedestrian thermal comfort along the urban streets is crucial, especially in areas with hot summers. In this research, the parameters related to thermal comfort outdoors like air temperature (Ta), surface temperature (Ts), wind speed (Ws), sky view factor (SVF), mean radiant temperature (MRT), and physiological equivalent temperature (PET) in an urban

The relations between soil and water conservation policies and agricultural economic growth in the planned economy system have not been thoroughly discussed in the past literature. This study used a case study of the grain to green project (GTGP) in China and land rent theory to set up the following assumptions: (1) the locations and areas of farmland and forestland are controlled by the government's

Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-Benzene, Xylene (BTEX) and Formaldehyde (HCHO) are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) having adverse effects on air quality and on human health. Limited studies reporting BTEX and Formaldehyde concentrations and assessing their human health risk are available for India. The present study investigates the BTEX and HCHO concentrations and their carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic

Populations in high-density urban areas are exposed to higher levels of heat stress in comparison to rural areas. New spatially explicit approaches that identify highly exposed and vulnerable areas are needed to inform current urban planning practices to cope with heat hazards. This study proposes an extreme heat stress risk index for Dublin city across multiple decades (2020s–2050s) and for two representative

Heat stress in the built environment has become a serious health and comfort issue, given the increases in Urban Heat Island effects, and augmenting impacts associated to climate change. This study deals with the potential correlations between human thermal conditions, the encircling microclimate, and the physical structure of the city. Through long-term numerical simulations, the disclosed study analyses

The traditional carbon tax always causes the inequalities, and thus a differentiated carbon tax regulation across new and remanufactured products is introduced in this paper. To explore effects of the differentiated carbon tax on production and emissions reduction decisions, the environment and social welfare, this paper formulates a profit maximization model and presents some theoretical analysis

To identify the rainfall changes induced by urbanization, the spatiotemporal patterns of L-Moment statistics, homogeneous regions, design rainfall and heavy rainfall were investigated in different stages of urbanization. The results suggested that L-Cv, L-Skewness, and L-Kurtosis were higher in the urban region than in the surrounding suburbs (averages of 0.69, 0.54, and 0.29 vs 0.66, 0.51, and 0.27

As shading affects thermal environments and intentions of outdoor activities, studying shaded areas is necessary to increase pedestrian travel choice. This study provided a new insight by calculating the shading length based on LiDAR data and then identifying the optimal pathway for demonstrating the shading effects at different times in summer and winter. The Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Kong was selected

Environment and development are essential components in the process of human development, and the limitation of land necessitates rational use. To cope with the impact of urban expansion on the environment, in this study, the idea of anti-planning is examined. The ecosystem service function is considered a limiting factor, and it determines 28.94% of the land in the study area as the core eco-land

Due to increased urbanization and global warming, cities are experiencing more heat wave (HW) events that cause extreme heat stress. To mitigate such effects, a better understanding of the impact of urban morphology on the boundary layer development is needed. This study investigates the sensitivity of mesoscale simulations using the WRF model coupled with the building effect parameterization and the

With the booming concerns over urban heat island phenomenon, impacts of solar radiation on flow and temperature in street canyons have been revealed by some experimental and numerical investigations, where amplified single-vortex structures are found in shallow canyons in high-Re scenarios (Re ~ 107). Canyon surfaces are heated mainly by absorbing solar radiation, and street air is warmed primarily