Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), also known as “forever chemicals,” are manmade chemicals that have been increasingly detected in various geological settings since the early 2000s. The soil and subsurface environments are the geological media commonly affected by PFAS. We conducted a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed articles published from 2010 through 2022 concerning the fate and transport of PFAS in subsurface environments. This review is organized into different subsections, covering the basics of PFAS properties and how they affect the occurrence, fate, and transport of PFAS, the fundamental processes affecting subsurface transport and fate of PFAS, and mathematical models for describing and predicting PFAS transport behaviors. Mechanisms governing PFAS transport in the subsurface environment, including the sorption of PFAS at the air-water interface, solid-water interface, and nonaqueous phase liquids-water interface, were explored in detail. Challenges and future research priorities are identified to better mitigate the global challenges of PFAS contamination.

中文翻译：

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地下环境中的全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)：发生、归宿、运输和研究前景

全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)，也称为“永久化学品”，是自 2000 年代初以来在各种地质环境中越来越多地检测到的人造化学品。土壤和地下环境是通常受 PFAS 影响的地质介质。我们对 2010 年至 2022 年发表的有关 PFAS 在地下环境中的命运和迁移的同行评议文章进行了全面审查。本综述分为不同的小节，涵盖 PFAS 特性的基础知识以及它们如何影响 PFAS 的发生、归宿和迁移，影响 PFAS 地下迁移和归宿的基本过程，以及用于描述和预测 PFAS 迁移行为的数学模型。在地下环境中控制 PFAS 传输的机制，包括PFAS在气-水界面、固-水界面和非水相液-水界面的吸附，进行了详细探讨。确定了挑战和未来的研究重点，以更好地缓解 PFAS 污染的全球挑战。