OBJECTIVE Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), formerly known as sluggish cognitive tempo, is characterized by hypo-activity or slowed behavior, mental fogginess or confusion, excessive sleepiness, and daydreaming. CDS and the predominantly inattentive (IN) presentation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are frequently co-occurring though separable constructs, each associated with

OBJECTIVE Immigrant youth are a large population in the U.S, yet there are limited studies characterizing mental health and unique individual-level risk and protective factors in early adolescent immigrants. Previous studies reveal variable associations between immigration and psychopathology. We aimed to characterize minority stressors, protective factors, and mental health among adolescent immigrants

OBJECTIVE For many products, generic markets are very mature, with aggressive competition driving down the price of products for manufacturers. Under these conditions, manufacturers may not have an ability to invest in high-quality manufacturing processes. METHOD We acquired samples of all available methylphenidate products in immediate release tablet (IR), extended-release tablet (ERT), and extended-release

OBJECTIVE The concept of Enduring Mental Health (EMH) describes a long-term state in which an individual does not experience mental disorders. As most people encounter mental health issues at some point, this study investigates the prevalence, predictors, and genetic architecture of EMH across childhood. METHOD EMH status was based on longitudinal data from 18,884 Dutch twins assessed at ages 3, 5

To truly support a child's development, we must look beyond what is visible-beyond academic performance, behavior, or clinical symptoms-and attune ourselves to the intricate emotional world within. This inner world, rich with imagination, vulnerability, and unspoken needs, is explored through different lenses in Understanding Mental Health Across Educational Contexts: Promoting Wellness in Classrooms

Early life adversity alters the structure and function of higher-order brain networks that subserve executive function (EF). The extent that prenatal exposure to adversity and neonatal white matter (WM) microstructure and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) underlie problems in emerging EF remains unclear.

Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent in adults with childhood-onset attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Currently, little is known about childhood predictors for these outcomes.

To test whether changes in children’s and adolescents’ mental health symptoms predict changes in their access to unlocked guns at home.

Understanding how genetic risk unfolds across development will be important for using genetics to inform prevention and early intervention. The current study leverages information from 5 large datasets to characterize behavioral manifestations of a genetic liability toward externalizing from ages 6 months to 26 years.

OBJECTIVE Antipsychotic medications are widely prescribed, including during pregnancy, and pregnant individuals worry about the potential sequelae for the child. While antipsychotics do not seem to be teratogenic, the long-term neurodevelopmental impact of prenatal exposure remains unclear. A systematic review was conducted to determine if intrauterine antipsychotic exposure increases the risk of adverse

To evaluate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and atypical sensory processing patterns.

OBJECTIVE Exposure to childhood maltreatment increases risk for mental health difficulties across generations, affecting the development of offspring. In particular, maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment can shape the neurobiological development of their offspring, especially in brain regions implicated in emotional health. However, relevant studies are cross-sectional, limiting our understanding

Depression and anxiety are prevalent and rising in children and adolescents, prompting interest in exercise as a potential therapeutic intervention. The aim of this systematic umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of exercise on depression and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents and to identify the most promising exercise-based approaches.

Racial discrimination drives health disparities among racial/ethnic minority youth, creating chronic stress that affects brain development and contributes to mental and behavioral health issues. This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to examine the neurobiological mechanisms linking discrimination to mental and behavioral health outcomes.

To investigate the dose of incarceration and subsequent psychiatric and psychosocial functioning in justice-involved youth 16 years after detention (median age 32).

To examine the associations of serotonergic antidepressant exposure during pregnancy with the risk of depression and anxiety disorders in offspring.

Little is known about racial/ethnic disparities in the treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder. This study examined racial and ethnic differences in prescription fill patterns and receipt of recommended treatment among Medicaid-enrolled youth.

Rising rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) in preadolescents make suicide-risk screening in this age group critical to reduce harm. Although screening appears generally safe for youth aged 12 years of age and older, effects in preadolescents remain unknown. This study tested iatrogenic effects of repeated suicide-risk screening in 2 groups of preadolescents (8-12 years of age): a lower-risk

This month's Media Forum features 2 authors who are also physicians. In medical school, residency, and fellowship, we are rarely taught how to write. There might be a focus on how to write a scientific journal article, but seldom is there any discussion about how to write a full book, especially a novel. Those who do write either have had previous experiences or learn on their own how to write and

Pediatric PTSD is a common and debilitating condition, affecting 5% of youth by the age of 18 years.1 Trauma-focused psychotherapies, particularly trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) have shown evidence of effectiveness in clinical trials and meta-analyses.2 Yet, it has been difficult to translate these studies into meaningful

We evaluated 3 new features of Media Smart Targeted (MST), an 8-module Internet, self-guided, indicated prevention and early intervention for disordered eating (DE): a broader audience, optimal rate of program delivery, and impact on social media (SM) behaviors.

Youth depression disrupts the social and vocational transition into adulthood. Most depression burden is caused by recurring or chronic episodes. Identifying young people at risk for relapsing, recurring, or chronic depression is critical. We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the literature on prognostic factors for relapsing, recurrent, and chronic depression in young people.

To examine the within-person relations between objectively measured physical activity and clinically assessed symptoms of depressive disorders from childhood to late adolescence.

Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder in which genetic factors play an important role. Recent studies have demonstrated an enrichment of rare de novo DNA single-nucleotide variants in persons with OCD compared to controls, and larger studies have examined copy-number variants (CNVs) using microarray data. Our study examines rare de novo CNVs using whole-exome

Poverty and systemic racism are intertwined. Children of marginalized racial and ethnic identities experience higher levels of poverty and adverse psychiatric outcomes. Thus, in models of poverty and neurodevelopment, race and ethnicity, as proxies for exposure to systemic disadvantage, are regularly considered confounders. Recently, however, some researchers have claimed that using race and ethnicity

To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of esketamine nasal spray vs psychoactive placebo (oral midazolam) in rapidly reducing depressive symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder at imminent risk for suicide.

Meta-analyses assessing psychological therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in youth have demonstrated their effectiveness using standardized mean differences. Imputation of response rates (ie, 50% or greater reduction in symptoms) may facilitate easier interpretation for clinicians.

Maternal depression casts long shadows across generations, influencing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral outcomes in children. Yet, understanding the precise pathways of intergenerational transmission remains a challenge for researchers and clinicians alike. In their recent study, Han et al.1 offer valuable insights into one such pathway: the mediating role of executive function (EF) deficits in

This randomized controlled study tested the effect of interoceptive exposure on anterior insula function and connectivity for the extinction of palatable and rotten food-cue associations in adolescent girls with low weight eating disorders (LWED).