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Objective A natural experiment that provided income supplements to families has been associated with beneficial outcomes for children that persisted into adulthood. The children in this study are now adults and many are parents. Method The study builds on the 20+ year longitudinal, representative Great Smoky Mountains study conducted from 1993 to 2020. At follow-up in their late 30s, 1,094 of the 1

Objective To examine the additive or moderating influences of caregiver COVID-19 related stress, social support, and discrimination on children’s behavior problems across racially diverse populations. Method In this ECHO cohort study (N=1,999 caregiver/child pairs), we operationalized caregiver COVID-19 related stress in two ways, first as the number of stressors (e.g., financial concerns, social distancing)

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Objective To examine the risk of anxiety disorders in offspring of parents with mood disorders Method We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched four electronic databases- Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science (core collection) to identify cross-sectional and cohort studies that examined the association between parental mood disorders (including bipolar disorder and unipolar

Objective Depression and obesity are two highly prevalent and often comorbid conditions. Exposure to early-life stress (ELS) has been associated with both depression and obesity in adulthood, as well as their preclinical manifestations during development. However, it remains unclear whether: (i) associations differ depending on the timing of stress exposure (prenatal vs postnatal) and (ii) ELS is a

Objective The Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI) was designed and validated to quantify emotion dysregulation (ED) in ages 6+. The purpose of this study was to adapt the EDI for use in young children (EDI-YC). Method Caregivers of 2139 young children (ages 2-5) completed 48 candidate EDI-YC items. Factor and item response theory (IRT) analyses were conducted separately for clinical (neurodevelopmental

Objective There has been an increase in youth psychiatric emergencies and psychiatric inpatient hospitalizations in recent years. Mobile crisis responses (MCR) services offer an opportunity to meet acute youth mental health needs in the community and provide linkage to care. However, an understanding of MCR encounters as a care pathway is needed, including how patterns of subsequent care may vary by

Objective Sexual minority (SM) youth experience greater mental health burden compared to their heterosexual peers. The aims of the present study were to (1) characterize mental health disparities among SM compared to non-SM youth, (2) test main and interactive associations of SM identity and stressors targeting SM youth at the individual-level (interpersonal-SM-discrimination) and structural-level

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Objective Suicide is a major cause of death in adolescents with limited treatment options. Ketamine and its enantiomers have shown rapid antisuicidal effects in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), but their efficacy in adolescents is unknown. We conducted an active, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous esketamine’s safety and efficacy in this population. Method A total of 54 adolescents

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Objective White matter alterations are frequently reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet the etiology is currently unknown. The objective of this investigation was to examine, for the first time, the impact of genetic and environmental factors on white matter microstructure in twins with ASD compared to control twins without ASD. Method Diffusion-weighted MRIs were obtained from same-sex twin

Objective While evidence suggests significant cross-sectional relationships between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and several physical health conditions, less is known about their longitudinal associations. We investigated the cumulative effect of childhood physical health conditions on ADHD symptoms at age 17, controlling for environmental factors, ADHD medication status and ADHD

Objective To investigate longitudinal associations between changes in early childhood irritability, and depressive symptoms and self-harm at 14 years. Method We used data from 7,225 children in a UK-based general population birth-cohort. Childhood irritability was measured at 3, 5 and 7 years using four items from two questionnaires (Children’s Social Behaviour Questionnaire; CSBQ and Strengths and

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Objective Cannabis use is associated with suicide-related outcomes in both adolescents and adults and may be increasing amidst shifting cannabis policies. However, little is known about the impact of medical marijuana legalization (MML) and recreational marijuana legalization (RML) policies on youth suicide. Using 20 years of national data, we examined associations between MML, RML, and suicide-related

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Objective Criminality rates are higher among persons with ADHD and evidence that medication reduces crime is limited. Medication rates between clinics vary widely even within universal healthcare systems, partly due to providers’ treatment preferences. We used this variation to estimate causal effects of pharmacological treatment of ADHD on four-years criminal outcomes. Method We used Norwegian population-level

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Objective It is unclear how the functional brain hierarchy is organized in preschool children and whether alterations in the brain organization are linked to mental health in this age group. Here, we assessed whether preschool children exhibit a brain organizational structure similar to older children, how this structure might change over time and whether it might reflect mental health. Method This

Objective Early adverse parenting predicts various negative outcomes, including psychopathology and altered development. Animal work suggests that adverse parenting might change amygdala-prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuitry, but work in humans remains correlational. The present study leverages data from a randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of an early parenting intervention targeting parental

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Objective To better describe and treat children with conduct problems (CP) grandiose-manipulative (GM) and daring-impulsive (DI) traits are proposed for subtyping CP, instead of only using a callous-unemotional (CU) specifier. Unfortunately, the acclaimed benefits of having multiple specifiers for CP remain largely untested and, therefore, highly speculative. To fill this gap, we tested longitudinal

Objective Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth in custodial settings. Prior research investigating risk factors for suicide among system-involved youth fail to incorporate an intersectional framework to contextualize suicide risk among system-impacted girls of color. Method We investigated profiles of risk for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) in a sample of 240 racially and

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