ImportanceOver the past 2 decades, systemic therapy for early-stage breast cancer has gradually moved from the adjuvant to the neoadjuvant setting. Administration of systemic therapy before surgery leads to potential improvements in surgical outcomes and allows for the assessment of the pathologic response to treatment. For patients with residual disease (RD), 3 adjuvant strategies have been shown

ImportanceDisparity in overall survival (OS) and differences in the frequency of driver gene variants by race and ethnicity have been separately observed in patients with colorectal cancer; however, how these differences contribute to survival disparity is unknown.ObjectiveTo quantify the association of molecular, socioeconomic, and clinical covariates with racial and ethnic disparities in overall

ImportanceThe World Health Organization has called for eliminating cervical cancer as a public health problem. Accurate and up-to-date estimates of population-based cervical cancer incidence are essential for monitoring progress toward elimination and informing local cancer control strategies, but these estimates are lacking for the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI).ObjectiveTo calculate age-standardized

This cohort study examines the risk of radiation-associated sarcoma in patients with breast cancer harboring germline TP53 variants.

ImportanceMicrosatellite (MS) instability (MSI-H) occurs frequently in Lynch syndrome (LS)–associated tumors and is associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. MSI-H is conferred by germline or somatic variants in mismatch repair genes. The contribution of somatic oncogenesis to MSI-H in pancreatic cancer (PC) is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate an LS-related PC cohort to define

ImportanceCancer is a leading cause of death among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in the US. Acute care settings are important sources of care for PEH; however, the association of housing status with inpatient care remains understudied, particularly in the context of cancer.ObjectiveTo assess whether housing status is associated with differences in the inpatient care of hospitalized adults

This JAMA Oncology Patient Page describes cardio-oncology, a relatively new area in medicine that focuses on taking care of the heart while going through cancer treatments.

ImportanceRecent studies have investigated the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer. However, there is an ongoing debate about the optimal approach for integrating this strategy.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of neoadjuvant ICIs with pathologic complete response (pCR) across molecular phenotypes, to quantify the survival

ImportanceThe use of real-world data (RWD) external control arms in prospective studies is increasing. The advantages, including the immediate availability of a control population, must be balanced with the requirements of meeting evidentiary standards.ObjectiveTo address the question of whether and to what extent the methods of RWD studies compare to standard methods used in randomized clinical trials

ImportanceImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer care; however, accompanying immune-related adverse events (irAEs) confer substantial morbidity and occasional mortality. Life-threatening irAEs may require permanent cessation of ICI, even in patients with positive tumor response. Therefore, it is imperative to comprehensively define the spectrum of irAEs to aid individualized

ImportanceImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve outcomes in a wide range of cancers; however, serious adverse effects, including cardiovascular adverse effects (CVAEs), can occur.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of CVAEs and analyze data on the management of myocarditis in patients exposed to ICIs.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception

ImportanceOlaparib is a poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase inhibitor that provides benefit in combination with hormonal therapies in patients with metastatic prostate cancer who harbor homologous recombination repair (HRR) alterations. Its efficacy in the absence of androgen deprivation therapy has not been tested.ObjectiveTo determine the activity of olaparib monotherapy among patients

ImportanceEGFR-variant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with a high rate of central nervous system (CNS) metastases, even with treatment with first-generation or second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).ObjectiveTo investigate CNS activity with lazertinib, a third-generation EGFR TKI.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter

This Viewpoint describes the benefits and challenges of active surveillance as a clinical approach to monitor low-risk cancers with favorable prognoses.

ImportanceLittle is known about the risk of suicidal behavior in relation to having a spouse with a cancer diagnosis.ObjectiveTo estimate the risk of suicide attempt and suicide death among spouses of patients with cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide cohort study in Denmark collected registry-based data from 1986 through 2016. Analyses were performed from August 8, 2022, to October

ImportanceAdjuvant ovarian function suppression (OFS) with oral endocrine therapy improves outcomes for premenopausal patients with hormone receptor–positive (HR+) breast cancer but adds adverse effects. A genomic biomarker for selecting patients most likely to benefit from OFS-based treatment is lacking.ObjectiveTo assess the predictive and prognostic performance of the Breast Cancer Index (BCI) for

ImportancePostmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) improves local-regional disease control and patient survival. Hypofractionation (HF) regimens have comparable efficacy and complication rates with improved quality of life compared with conventional fractionation (CF) schedules. However, the use of HF after mastectomy in patients undergoing breast reconstruction has not been prospectively examined.ObjectiveTo

ImportanceAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematopoietic cancer that disrupts normal hematopoiesis, ultimately leading to bone marrow failure and death. The annual incidence rate of AML is 4.1 per 100 000 people in the US and is higher in patients older than 65 years. Acute myeloid leukemia includes numerous subgroups with heterogeneous molecular profiles, treatment response, and prognosis

Importance Desmoid tumor (DT) is a rare and locally aggressive monoclonal, fibroblastic proliferation characterized by a variable and often unpredictable clinical course. Previously, surgery was the standard primary treatment modality; however, within the past decade, a paradigm shift toward less-invasive management has been introduced and an effort to harmonize the strategy among clinicians has been

This Viewpoint discusses the value of magnetic resonance imaging with linear accelerator (MRI-linac) technology, given the unmet needs in its development.

ImportanceAspirin reduces the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Identifying individuals more likely to benefit from regular aspirin use for CRC prevention is a high priority.ObjectiveTo assess whether aspirin use is associated with the risk of CRC across different lifestyle risk factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA prospective cohort study among women in the Nurses’ Health Study (1980-2018) and

ImportanceKidney light chain (AL) amyloidosis is associated with a risk of progression to kidney replacement therapy (KRT) and death. Several studies have shown that a greater reduction in proteinuria following successful anticlonal therapy is associated with improved outcomes.ObjectiveTo validate graded kidney response criteria and their association with kidney and overall survival (OS).Design, Setting

ImportanceThe randomized clinical trial Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 140503 showed that for patients with clinically staged T1N0 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; ≤2 cm), sublobar resections were associated with similar oncological outcomes to those after lobar resection. The association of the extent of parenchymal resection with recurrence and survival in patients with tumors pathologically

This Viewpoint discusses the clinical vs economic success of magnetic resonance imaging combined with linear accelerator technology and its impact on patients.

This cohort study examines the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia during a period of increasing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage from 2007 to 2020.

ImportanceThe benefit of bilateral mastectomy for women with unilateral breast cancer in terms of deaths from breast cancer has not been shown.ObjectivesTo estimate the 20-year cumulative risk of breast cancer mortality among women with stage 0 to stage III unilateral breast cancer according to the type of initial surgery performed.Design, Settings, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used the Surveillance

ImportancePatients with high-risk newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) often have poor outcomes with standard treatments, necessitating novel effective frontline therapies to enhance clinical outcomes. GC012F, a B-cell maturation antigen/CD19 dual-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, has been developed on the novel FasTCAR platform. Notably, its use as a frontline therapy for

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of hormone deprivation–free survival as an end point for both men with prostate cancer and women with breast cancer.

ImportanceCervical cancer is a common and lethal cancer worldwide. Bintrafusp alfa is a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the human transforming growth factor β receptor II (or transforming growth factor β trap) fused via a flexible linker to the C-terminus of each heavy chain of an immunoglobulin G1 antibody blocking programmed cell death 1 ligand 1

ImportanceHalf of all carriers of inherited cancer-predisposing variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are male, but the implications for their health are underrecognized compared to female individuals. Germline variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (also known as pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, referred to here as BRCA1/2 PVs) are well known to significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers in

ImportanceOutcomes for patients with unresectable stage III non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with chemoradiation therapy (CRT) have improved with adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors, with a reported 5-year overall survival benefit of approximately 10% for adjuvant durvalumab vs placebo after completion of CRT without progression and with preserved performance status. Starting atezolizumab

ImportanceObservational data have shown that postdiagnosis exercise is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer death. The feasibility and tumor biological activity of exercise therapy is not known.ObjectiveTo identify recommended phase 2 dose of exercise therapy for patients with prostate cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis single-center, phase 1a dose-finding trial was conducted at