Abstract Purpose To explore the role of vacuum assisted closure (VAC) therapy versus conventional dressings in the Fournier’s gangrene wound therapy. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective multi-institutional cohort study. Data of 92 patients from nine centers between 2007 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. After surgery, patient having a local or a disseminated FG were managed with VAC

Abstract Objectives To investigate the predictors of recurrence and of de novo incontinence in patients treated by transurethral incision or resection for vesico-urethral anastomotic stenosis (VUAS) after radical prostatectomy. Material and methods All patients undergoing endoscopic treatment for VUAS between March 2009 and October 2016 were identified in our multi-institutional database. Digital chart

Abstract Deep invasive gastrointestinal endometriosis (DIGIE) is a frequent and severe presentation of endometriosis. Although most cases invade the rectosigmoid colon, DIGIE can involve any portion of the gastrointestinal tract from the stomach to the rectum, and is commonly multifocal and multicentric. Although histopathologic confirmation with surgery remains the gold standard for diagnosis, ultrasound

Duplex kidneys are one of the most common renal congenital abnormalities, mostly asymptomatic and of no clinical significance. There are little reports about the left ureterocele and stone of calyceal diverticulum in patients with bilateral incomplete duplex kidneys managed by flexible ureteroscopy. A 69-year-old Chinese woman was presented with left waist pain for 1 month. A preoperative computed

To evaluate the efficacy of submucosal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of type II/III interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of type II/III interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome patients treated in our department from April 2016 to August 2018 was conducted, and changes in International Prostate Symptom Scores and the

Abstract Introduction A significant proportion of PUV becomes symptomatic after the perinatal period. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) often fails to identify PUVs. This study evaluates the relationship between the radiological appearance of the posterior urethra, potential secondary radiological signs and endoscopically documented PUV in boys with febrile UTIs, VUR, refractory symptoms of bladder

Abstract Purpose To evaluate whether a three-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced CT protocol, when combined with a deep learning model, has similar accuracy in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from other focal liver lesions (FLLs) compared with a four-phase protocol. Methods Three hundred and forty-two patients (mean age 49.1 ± 10.5 years, range 19–86 years, 65.8% male) scanned with a four-phase

Abstract Objective To review the current body of evidence surrounding non-imaging biomarkers in patients with known or suspected prostate cancer. Results Several non-imaging biomarkers have been developed and are available that aim to improve risk estimates at several clinical junctures. For patients with suspicion of prostate cancer who are considering first-time or repeat biopsy, blood- and urine-based

Abstract Purpose Open simple prostatectomy (OSP) is a standard surgical technique for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with prostate size larger than 80 ml. As a minimally invasive approach, robot-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) emerged as a feasible surgical alternative. Currently, there are no definite recommendations for the standard use of RASP. Therefore, we aimed at investigating

Abstract Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate has been firmly established as a tool in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of prostate cancer. The growth in this field over the past decade has led to increased acceptance and demand for multiparametric prostate MRI across the world. However, with the rising demand for prostate mpMRI, it will become increasingly necessary to train a generation

Abstract Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein is a valuable laboratory test used in pregnant women as an indicator to detect certain clinical abnormalities. These can be grouped into four main categories: fetal factors, pregnancy complications, placental abnormalities, and maternal factors. Imaging is an invaluable tool to investigate the various etiologies leading to altered maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein

The authors have requested the removal of the Excel file in Electronic Supplementary Material to protect patient’s privacy

Abstract Introduction Urinary tract infection (UTI) is highly prevalent in the frail elderly population. This review aimed to outline the diagnostic, treatment, and prevention of UTI in the frail aging population. Methods Pubmed and Web of Science search to identify publications until March 2019 relating to the management of UTI in the elderly population was performed. A narrative review of the available

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a proposed new CT observation in cecal volvulus, marked hook-like curvature of ileocolic vessels termed “ileocolic vascular curvature.” Methods Contrast-enhanced CT scans of 14 patients with diagnoses of cecal volvulus on original CT reports were compared with scans of 40 control patients with dilated cecum but no cecal volvulus on original

Abstract Objective To evaluate predictive factors of urinary incontinence (UI) after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Methods Patients (n = 2346) were included in a retrospective multicentric study from April 2012 to November 2017. Patients’ characteristics (age, BMI, percentage with diabetes), preoperative data (IPSS score, whole gland volume, urinary drainage), operative data (enucleation

Abstract Purpose To retrospectively evaluate blood supply to the caudate lobe of the liver from the right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA) using cone-beam computed tomography during arteriography (CBCTA-RIPA). Methods CBCTA-RIPA examinations during transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were collected from 2448 procedures in 787 patients. The exclusion criteria were

Abstract Objective To access the surgical and oncological outcomes of simultaneous thulium laser enucleation of bladder tumor (ThuLEBT) and thulium laser enucleation of prostate (ThuLEP) in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder tumor (NMIBC) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Patients and methods Between June 2009 and June 2017, 118 men with NMIBC who underwent simultaneous ThuLEBT and ThuLEP

Abstract Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreas characterized by progressive parenchyma destruction, resulting in pain and exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. In the advanced stages the diagnosis by imaging is usually straightforward, while in the early phases of the disease there can be a paucity of findings at imaging, thus making an early diagnosis challenging. Different

Abstract Objective To report the technique of hydrodissection of the sub-diaphragmatic bare area of the liver, in order to protect the diaphragm/heart during percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) of sub-cardiac hepatic tumours. Materials and methods Between January 2016 and December 2018, five patients (four female, one male; mean age 56.2 years) with five sub-cardiac liver tumours (two hepatocellular

Abstract Aim To investigate the effects of cleansing Fleet’s™ enema (FE) on rectal distention and image quality of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods This study included 117 prospectively accrued active surveillance patients who underwent prostate MRI both without (prep−) and with bowel preparation consisting of FE (prep+) obtained within 12 months

Abstract Purpose Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is assessed differently by gynecologists and radiologists. It is clinically staged by physical examination using the POP-Q (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification) system and radiologically staged by modalities such as by Magnetic Resonance Defecography (MRD). The purpose of this study was to correlate the two methods of staging pelvic organ prolapse for each

Abstract Purpose To compare the outcome of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for upper lumbar ureteric stones using the alternating bidirectional approach versus the standard approach during the first session. Methods Our study was a randomized controlled trial including patients with single radio-opaque stone < 1 cm located in the upper lumbar ureter (from the ureteropelvic junction till the level medial

Abstract Purpose Patients presenting with prostate gland sizes greater than 200 cc pose a unique surgical challenge to both patients and surgeons. The objective of this study is to critically assess the efficacy and risks associated with performing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) on glands ≥ 200 cc. Materials and methods Using a prospective maintained database, all consecutive benign

Abstract Background Urinary tuberculosis (TB) is a challenging disease to cope with, as there has been no noticeable difference in basic diagnostic and therapeutic options in clinical practice over time. Purpose The aim of the current review was the critical assessment and evaluation of TB, which remains a major global health problem. Methods The available literature regarding TB in the PubMed database

Abstract Artificial intelligence is a technique that holds promise for helping radiologists improve the care of our patients. At the same time, implementation decisions we make now can have a long-lasting effect on patient outcomes. In the following article, we discuss four areas with unique considerations for implementation of AI: bias, trust, risk, and design. In each section, we highlight applications

Abstract Endometriosis constitutes the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine endometrium, which is hormonally responsive and responds to pregnancy hormones as well. Decidualization is a physiologic process, where the normal endometrium readies itself for optimal accommodation of a pregnancy. A similar hormonal response can be seen with ectopic endometrium as well. As

Abstract Background The gastro-omental artery (GOA) and the greater omentum are nowadays commonly used in many reconstructive surgeries, including cardiac, vascular, and plastic surgery. There are cases in which the GOA is found to be unsuitable only after partial harvesting following an upper laparotomy, and an improved method of pre-operative evaluation is required to eliminate the need for intraoperative

The world is currently in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic. Rapid changes in medical priorities are being enforced across all health-care systems. Urologists have had to reduce or halt their clinical activity and assist on COVID-19 wards. The repercussions on urological patient outcomes for delayed treatments and diagnosis remain to be defined.

Abstract Background Nephrolithiasis patients undergo repeated imaging increasing their radiation risk. Guidelines recommend imaging following ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL), but not the modality or frequency of imaging. As such, we sought to elucidate common imaging practices following URSL and current knowledge of radiation exposure among endourologists. Methods A web-based survey of Endourological

Abstract Purpose Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) may require extensive X-ray usage. We evaluated the impact of preoperative surgeon briefing regarding the inclusion and evaluation of fluoroscopy time (FT) and dose area product (DAP) in a multicenter study on the applied X-ray usage. Methods A prospective multicenter study of 6 tertiary centers was performed. Each center recruited up to 25 prospective

Abstract Introduction and objectives Standardization of hands-on training (HoT) has profoundly impacted the educational field in the last decade. To provide quality training sessions on a global scale, the European School of Urology Training group developed a teaching guide for tutors in 2015. Our study aims to understand whether this guide alone can provide information enough to match the performance

There is no consensus between urologists on the diagnosis and treatment of female urethral diverticula. Once the diagnosis has been established, the most common treatment approach is surgical excision and reconstruction. Whether a staged procedure or simultaneous management is more appropriate for treating concomitant urethral diverticula and stress urinary incontinence remains controversial. A 63-year-old

Sigmoid bowel perforation is a very rare and serious complication of the retropubic tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure for female stress urinary incontinence. The complication can be avoided with the use of the correct manipulation technique. A 75-year-old female patient underwent a retropubic TVT procedure in the local hospital for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. The procedure

A routine blood examination is one of the most rapid, convenient and inexpensive clinical examinations that can reflect a patient’s inflammatory status and other blood conditions, and the prognostic value of routine preoperative blood parameters in MIBC patients is still unclear, so we evaluated the prognostic value of routine preoperative blood parameters in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) following

Abstract Objective Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) is one of the most frightening multidrug-resistant bacteria that usually causes sepsis. Herein we explored the benefits of nephrostomy drainage prior to percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) on infection outcomes in patients with ESBL-EC. Patients and methods Between June 2016 and April 2019, 43 consecutive patients

Abstract Purpose To investigate the association between serum serotonin (5-HT) levels and overactive bladder (OAB) in a community-dwelling population. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 1024 subjects who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2015 in Hirosaki, Japan. OAB was assessed using the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS). OAB was defined as an occurrence of urinary

Abstract Introduction To assess the use of the 2016 proposed classification of the renal papillary abnormalities during flexible ureteroscopy that aims to standardize their description. Patients and methods We performed a prospective monocentric single operator collection of the data using this classification during 88 consecutive flexible ureteroscopies required for renal stones treatment. Outcome

Abstract Purpose Holmium-laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) has been a promising prostate surgery since its first introduction. Although there are 10 different HoLEP techniques in the literature, stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is common, because surgery is not performed based on the topographic anatomy of the external sphincter. We have developed a new HoLEP method named as the ‘’Omega Sign

Abstract Purpose The primary objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT for detecting renal oncocytoma versus (1) all other renal lesions and (2) chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChrRCC) alone. Methods A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and the Gray Literature was performed. Original

Abstract Endometriosis is a common entity causing chronic pain and infertility in women. The gold standard method for diagnosis is diagnostic laparoscopy, which is invasive and costly. MRI has shown promise in its ability to diagnose endometriosis and its efficacy for preoperative planning. The Society of Abdominal Radiology established a Disease-Focused Panel (DFP) to improve patient care for patients

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths and is associated with various genetic mutations. BRAF mutations, found in approximately 10% of all CRCs, are associated with negative predictive outcomes. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between the imaging findings and BRAF statuses of CRC patients. Materials and methods The study population

Prostate cancer is a common cancer among men in developed countries. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely employed for early diagnosis of prostate cancer and recommending a treatment plan. The incidence of rectal perforation during endorectal prostate MRI is rare and has never been reported before. Herein, we present a case of rectal perforation after a prostate MRI examination

The robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has been widely applied in recent years; however, only a few studies are reported about long-term urinary continence after surgery. The present study aimed to examine the outcomes of continence rates (CRs) and determine the risk and protective factors of urinary continence in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing RARP. This retrospective study

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of transurethral thulium laser en bloc resection of the bladder tumor (TmLRBT) in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and to investigate whether a second resection can be avoided. From June 2012 to June 2018, 251 newly diagnosed patients with NMIBC were enrolled in this retrospective study; all patients received regular administration of

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the association between four-dimensional translabial ultrasound (4D-TLUS) features of the retropubic mid-urethral sling (MUS) and post-operative pelvic floor symptoms. Methods A prospective cohort study was performed involving 100 women who had a solitary retropubic MUS (TVT Exact™) between Jan 2013 and Dec 2017 for urodynamic stress incontinence

Abstract Introduction Cystinuria is an inherited disease characterized by increased urinary cystine excretion and recurrent cystine stones. Current treatment regimens have limited effectiveness in preventing stone recurrence and are often poorly tolerated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tolvaptan, a vasopressin receptor 2 (V2) antagonist, on cystine stone volume in mice with cystinuria

Abstract Purpose Active surveillance (AS) strategies for patients with low- and early intermediate-risk prostate cancer are still not consistently defined. Within a controlled randomized trial, active surveillance was compared to other treatment options for patients with prostate cancer. Aim of this analysis was to report on termination rates of patients treated with AS including different grade groups

Abstract Objectives To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for children with upper urinary tract calculus (1–2 cm). Patients and methods Children with upper urinary tract calculus (1–2 cm) who underwent the SMP or RIRS were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: group SMP,

Abstract Objective To investigate if size measurements of liver observations is more variable in the arterial phase as suggested by LI-RADS and assess potential higher instability in categorization in this particular phase. Secondarily, to assess inter- and intra-reader agreement for size across phases. Materials and methods Patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent multi-arterial phase MRI between

Abstract Purpose To quantify how often the LI-RADS v2018 category changed when utilizing major features only, when utilizing major and ancillary features, and when utilizing major and ancillary features excluding gadoxetate-specific ancillary features. Methods Retrospective analysis of 100 patients age 18 and older at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma who had an MRI abdomen performed with intravenous

Abstract Acute pancreatitis has a wide array of imaging presentations. Various classifications have been used in the past to standardize the terminology and reduce confusing and redundant terms. We aim to review the historical and current classifications of acute pancreatitis and propose a new reporting template which can improve communication between various medical teams by use of appropriate terminology

Abstract The evaluation and management of adrenal disease is a complex endeavor that relies on an expert knowledge of human physiology and anatomy. Careful and proper patient assessment mandates a balanced approach which marries the disciplines of endocrinology, surgery, and radiology. Any of these three specialties may be on the front line in performing the initial workup when an adrenal neoplasm

Abstract Background The amount of intra-abdominal fat on CT correlates positively with the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). The objective of the study was to evaluate a fat-modified CT severity index (FMCTSI) and compare its performance with MCTSI. Materials and methods For this retrospective study, 99 patients with AP who underwent contrast-enhanced CT between 3 and 7 days after pain onset were

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the hepatocyte enhancement fraction (HEF) based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing the liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods Sixty patients with Child–Pugh grade A (CP-A), 18 with Child–Pugh grade B (CP-B), 2 with Child–Pugh grade C (CP-C), and 20 with normal liver

Abstract The association between obstructed müllerian duct anomalies and endometriosis has been well established and the pathogenesis is attributed to the theory of retrograde menstruation. However, this relationship with endometriosis is less clear in women with unobstructed müllerian duct anomalies and in those with rudimentary uterine structures that lack functioning endometrial tissue. This article

Abstract The prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) has revolutionized the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the management of prostate cancer (PCa). The most recent version 2.1, PI-RADS v2.1, provides specific refinements in the performance, relaxing some recommendations which were not found to be helpful, while reinforcing and clarifying others. The interpretation of T2-weighted