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Background The role of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) maintenance therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is undefined. Objective To determine whether switch maintenance therapy with nivolumab improves clinical outcomes in patients with mRCC with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sensitivity. Design, setting, and participants This open-label phase 2 trial randomized patients with a partial

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Bladder and bowel dysfunction is a common but underdiagnosed pediatric entity which may represent up to 47% of pediatric urology consults. The objectives of this observational study were to determine functional 1-year outcomes following standard treatment of bladder and bowel dysfunction in both control and neuropsychiatric developmental disorder groups using validated questionnaires, and to perform

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Background In prostate cancer (PCa), questions remain on indications for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and PSMA radioligand therapy, integration of advanced imaging in nomogram-based decision-making, dosimetry, and development of new theranostic applications. Objective We aimed to critically review developments in molecular hybrid imaging and systemic

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Background Field cancerization is characterized by areas of normal tissue affected by mutated clones. Bladder field cancerization may explain the development and recurrence of bladder cancer and may be associated with treatment outcomes. Objective To investigate the predictive and prognostic roles of field cancerization in patients with high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with

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to apply a new evidence-gathering methodology, called reverse systematic review (RSR), to analyze the influence of different continence classification criteria on urinary continence rates among open (RRP), laparoscopic (LRP) and robotic (RARP) radical prostatectomy.

Prostate cancer is a major health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with high incidence and mortality rates. However, the widely used prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is not readily available or affordable in SSA. Alternative screening strategies, such as risk stratification approaches and cost-effective PSA tests, are being explored to target high-risk individuals and improve access to

To evaluate the performance of risk calculators (RCs) predicting lymph node invasion (LNI) and extraprostatic extension (EPE) in men undergoing transperineal MRI/TRUS-fusion template saturation biopsy (TTSB) and conventional systematic transrectal TRUS-guided biopsy (SB).

To identify and explore barriers to, and enablers of active surveillance (AS) in men with low-risk prostate cancer (LRPC), as perceived by prostate cancer clinicians.

China has a large population and complex geographical environment, which is lead to a large number of urolithiasis patients. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive investigations of urolithiasis prevalence. Consequently, This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence , as well as the spatial and temporal distribution, urolithiasis among subjects in China.

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Background In the JAVELIN Bladder 100 phase 3 trial, avelumab first-line maintenance + best supportive care (BSC) prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus BSC alone in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (advanced UC) without progression after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Objective To report post hoc analyses of subgroups defined by the duration

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Prostate cancer screening using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) followed by biopsy has been shown to reduce mortality but results in overdiagnosis and overtreatment in a substantial percentage of patients.

Online sources are increasingly being used by patients to obtain medical information. The newest of these resources, artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, are becoming ever more popular tools with the public and could be accurate sources of information. Another accessible and approachable format is the podcast. However, the veracity and utility of these sources of information need investigation.

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There is a paucity of high-level evidence on small renal mass (SRM) management, as previous classical randomised controlled trials (RCTs) failed to meet accrual targets. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of recruitment to a cohort-embedded RCT comparing cryoablation (CRA) to robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN). A total of 200 participants were recruited to the cohort, of whom 50 were enrolled

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Proteomic-based approaches are increasingly being used to assess alterations in the proteomic profile of seminal plasma in men with infertility with the aim to characterize the molecular pathways responsible for altered spermatogenesis and identify potential biomarkers. However, testes are responsible for a limited portion of the seminal plasma proteome, and limited information is available about dysregulations

Transperineal (TP) biopsy for prostate cancer shows similar cancer detection rates to those obtained with transrectal (TR) biopsy but has the advantage of reducing infections. However, TP biopsy is performed using a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) probe to guide the needle, which might cause discomfort and is still associated with the disadvantages and complications of a TR procedure.

To compare the outcome and morbidity of B-TUEP and ThuLEP to HoLEP in treatment of large symptomatic benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) through non inferiority randomized controlled trial (NCT03916536).

Preoperative nuclear medicine renal scintigraphy (NMRS) is often used to predict estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) after nephrectomy by estimating preoperative split renal function. We sought to determine whether a simple point-of-care measurement system estimating renal parenchymal volume using tools ubiquitously available could be used to replace NMRS in current clinical practice.

Human urinary bladder transplantation has never been performed. From a technical standpoint, challenges include the complex deep pelvic vascular anatomy, limited intraoperative visualization, and high procedural complexity. In preparation for a first-in-human clinical trial, we report preclinical studies to develop the technique of robotic retrieval and autotransplantation of vascularized composite

Male lower urinary tract symptoms have been correlated with an increased risk of death; however, it is unclear if treatment will reduce this risk. Our objective was to determine whether a reduction in lower urinary tract symptoms is associated with a reduced risk of mortality.

The demand for methodological rigour in preclinical studies is increasing since the research reproducibility and transparency in the medico-scientific field are being questioned. As a result, we investigated the prevalence and the trends of essential study design elements in preclinical urological studies, as well as key factors which may improve methodological rigour.

In January, 2023, the Science and Security Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists moved the hands of the Doomsday Clock forward to 90 s before midnight, reflecting the growing risk of nuclear war.1 In August, 2022, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres warned that the world is now in “a time of nuclear danger not seen since the height of the Cold War.2 The danger has been underlined by

Up to 90% of men with a positive surgical margin show remaining cancer in subsequent reresections. The risk of local recurrence in men with no penile cancer but the precancerous lesion penile intraepithelial neoplasia at the surgical margin is less well studied and was the aim of this analysis.

Context The diagnostic accuracy of current imaging techniques in differentiating benign from malignant neoplasms in the case of indeterminate renal masses is still suboptimal. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc-sestamibi (SestaMIBI) single-photon emission tomography computed tomography (SPECT)/CT in characterizing indeterminate renal masses by differentiating renal oncocytoma and

The recent integration of new virtual visualization modalities with artificial intelligence and high-speed internet connection has opened the door to the advent of the metaverse in medicine. In this totally virtual environment, three-dimensional virtual models (3DVMs) of the patient’s anatomy can be visualized and discussed via digital avatars. Here we present for the first time a metaverse preoperative

To provide an update on the association between preoperative membranous urethral length (MUL) and postoperative urinary incontinence (UI) in men who undergo robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP)/robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).

To report on our first-in-human experience using the LithoVue Elite™ ureteroscope (Boston Scientific Corp., Marlborough, MA, USA) to measure intrarenal pressure (IRP) during flexible ureteroscopy.

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Background The antidiabetic drug metformin has known anticancer effects related to its antioxidant activity; however, its clinical benefit for prostate cancer (PCa) has thus far been inconclusive. Here, we investigate whether the efficacy of metformin in PCa is related to the expression status of NKX3.1, a prostate-specific homeobox gene that functions in mitochondria to protect the prostate from aberrant

To evaluate the pressure range generated in the human renal collecting system during ureteroscopy (URS), in a large patient sample, and to investigate a relationship between intrarenal pressure (IRP) and outcome.