Background Low socioeconomic position (SEP) has been linked to an increased risk of dementia. However, little is known about the association between SEP trajectory and regional brain volumes related to dementia. Methods A random sample of community-dwelling older adults (n = 428, age = 73.1 ± 5.5) living in Tokamachi City (Niigata Prefecture, Japan) without medical histories of dementia, Parkinson’s

Background The prognostic implication of cholesterol levels in older adults remains uncertain. This study aimed to examine the relationship between low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) and mortality outcomes in older individuals. Methods This post-hoc analysis examined the associations of LDL-c levels with mortality risks from all-cause, CVD, cancer, and combined non-CVD/non-cancer conditions

Previous researchers have tried to explore the association between folate/folic acid intake and dementia incidence, but the results remain controversial. We evaluated the associations of folate/folic acid supplementation alone and in combination with other B vitamins on dementia risk and brain structure. A total of 466,224 UK Biobank participants were investigated. Cox proportional hazards models were

Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, results in a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) with an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and proteases. Evidence from non-human models demonstrates that SASP contributes to tissue dysfunction and pathological effects of aging. However, there are relatively few human studies on the relationship between SASP and

Background To establish a polysocial risk score (PsRS) incorporating various social factors for capturing the dementia risk and investigate the benefits of favorable social conditions across different genetic backgrounds. Methods This prospective cohort study comprised 345,439 participants initially free of dementia from the UK Biobank. A total of 10 social factors were summed to create a PsRS. A polygenic

Background Previous research suggests a decline in body mass index (BMI) among older adults is associated with negative health outcomes, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and incident dementia. However, no studies have examined the effects of education or developing MCI on BMI trajectories over time. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize trajectories of change in BMI among older

Background GrimAge acceleration (GAA), an epigenetic marker that represents physiologic aging, is associated with age-related diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, the associations between GAA and muscle mass and function are unknown. Methods We estimated measures of GAA in 1118 Black and White participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)

BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 allele is associated with cognitive decline; however, its potential to modify effects of vitamin D3 and omega-3s supplementation on later-life cognition is unclear. Our objectives were to estimate among the in-clinic subset of a randomized trial: 1) associations between APOE-ε4 and global and domain-specific cognitive change, with exploration of potential sex and

Studies in mice and cross-sectional studies in humans support the premise that cellular senescence is a contributing mechanism to age-associated deficits in physical function. We tested the hypotheses that circulating proteins secreted by senescent cells are i) associated with the incidence of major mobility disability (MMD), the development of persistent mobility disability (PMMD), and decrements

BACKGROUND Having multiple sleep problems is common in adulthood. Yet, most studies have assessed single sleep variables at one timepoint, potentially misinterpreting health consequences of co-occurring sleep problems that may change over time. We investigated the relationship between multidimensional sleep health across adulthood and mortality. METHOD Participants from the Midlife in the United States

BACKGROUND Older adults, especially minoritized racial-ethnic groups, are historically underrepresented in biomedical research. This study summarizes the development and assesses the impact of a review board involving a multi-sectoral group of stakeholders with the goal of increasing the diversity of older adults in biomedical research. METHODS A 25-member board of community members, caregivers, researchers

Physiology underlying reduced cardiac pumping capacity in women compared with men and its interaction with aging remains unresolved. Herein, the pressure gradient (PG) driving venous return was manipulated to evidence whether cardiac structure and/or function explain sex differences in cardiac capacity. Healthy women/men matched by age and physical activity were included within young (n=40, age=25±4

BACKGROUND Delirium is a common complication during acute care hospitalizations in older adults. A substantial percentage of admissions are for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) or potentially avoidable hospitalizations - conditions that might be treated early in the outpatient setting to prevent hospitalization and hospital complications. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Persistent inflammation related to aging ("inflammaging") is exacerbated by chronic infections and contributes to frailty in older adults. We hypothesized associations between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), a common parasite causing an oligosymptomatic unremitting infection, and frailty, and secondarily between T. gondii and previously reported markers of immune activation in frailty. METHODS

DNA methylation-derived epigenetic clocks offer the opportunity to examine aspects of age acceleration (ie, the difference between an individual's biological age and chronological age), which vary among individuals and may better account for age-related changes in cognitive function than chronological age. Leveraging existing ambulatory cognitive assessments in daily life from a genetically diverse

Background DNA methylation-derived epigenetic clocks and frailty are well-established biological age measures capturing different aging processes. However, whether they are dynamically linked to each other across chronological age remains poorly understood. Methods This analysis included 1,309 repeated measurements in 524 individuals aged 50 to 90 years from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging

Multimorbidity is the simultaneous presence of two or more chronic conditions. Metabolomics could identify biomarkers potentially related to multimorbidity. We aimed to identify groups of biomarkers and their association with different multimorbidity patterns. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted within the Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohort in Spain, with information from 700 individuals aged ≥65 years. Biological

Background Social support predicts functional and cognitive decline in aging. Yet, the associations between social support and gait speed decline – a functional vital sign – are not well understood. This study examined associations between social support and gait speed decline in aging. Method Social support and gait data from 542 older adults without dementia were examined (mean age 76.1±6.5 years)

Understanding the relationship between blood nutrients and neurodegeneration could contribute to devising strategies for preventing Alzheimer’s disease. We investigated the associations between fatty acids, vitamins D, B6, B12, folate, and homocysteine and the cerebral load of amyloid β (Aβ). This cross-sectional study included 177 older adults (70 to 96 years, 65% female) with objective cognitive

This study investigates the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibition on bone and immune cell profile in aged female mice, as well as in vitro stromal stem cell (SSC) osteogenic differentiation and inflammation gene expression. The hypothesis was that inhibition of PPARγwould increase bone mass and alter immune and other cellular functions. Our results showed that

Background Frailty can occur in older adults without disability or multimorbidity. Current methods focus on the most frail, but poorly discriminate among those “not frail”. Methods The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) included 879 adults aged 70 years and older without mobility disability. We operationalized frailty domains using: peak oxygen consumption (endurance), digit symbol substitution

Background Poor motor function is associated with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment. Less is known about the relationship between motor domains and brain atrophy and whether associations are affected by cerebrovascular burden and/or physical activity. Methods We analyzed data from 726 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants (mean age 70.6±10.1 years, 56%women, 27%Black), 525 of whom

Background Aging is characterized by loss of resilience, the ability to resist or recover from stressors. Network analysis has shown promise in investigating dynamic relationships underlying resilience. We aimed to use network analysis to measure resilience in a longitudinal cohort of older adults and quantify whole-system vulnerabilities associated with frailty. Methods We used data from the Rugao

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is dysregulated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we have explored the hypothesis that an age-related imbalance in brain RAS is a trigger for RAS dysregulation in AD. We characterised RAS gene expression in the frontal cortex from (i) a cohort of normal ageing (n = 99, age range = 19-96 y) and (ii) a case-control cohort (n = 209) including AD (n = 66), mixed

Cardiovascular health (CVH) is a well-known predictor of morbidity and mortality, while phenotypic age (PhenoAge) is a promising biomarker of aging. This study aimed to explore the association between Life's Essential 8 (LE8), a novel CVH measure, and PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), as well as the potential mediating role of oxidative stress biomarkers in this relationship. A total of 23,896

BACKGROUND Weight and appetite regulation have been associated with the expression and secretion of ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) and growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), two potential biomarkers for age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim was to explore the associations between these biomarkers and nutritional variables in the MAPT study. METHODS IF1 and GDF-15 plasma levels were quantified

Background Grip strength has prognostic value for aging-related health outcomes. Whether the associations of grip strength with risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) vary by genetic risk of AD and related dementias (ADD) is unknown. Methods This study included 148,659 older adults of white British ancestry (aged ≥60 years) participating in UK Biobank with no dementia, self-reported poor health

The geroscience hypothesis suggests that addressing the fundamental mechanisms driving aging biology will prevent or mitigate the onset of multiple chronic diseases, for which the largest risk factor is advanced age. Research that investigates the root causes of aging is therefore of critical importance given the rising healthcare burden attributable to age-related diseases. The 3rd annual Midwest

Aging is characterized by chronic low-level inflammation, and is associated with geriatric syndromes such as sarcopenia and frailty. Our aim was to evaluate the longitudinal variation of muscle area, muscle quality, and muscle strength, relative to the variation of leukocyte-derived markers, and to assess the presence of a pathway of associations among derived leukocytes ratios, and the components

Apolipoprotein-E (APOE) ε4 and ε2 are the most prevalent risk-increasing and risk-reducing genetic predictors of Alzheimer’s disease, respectively. However, the extent to which societal factors can reduce the harmful impact of APOE-ε4 and enhance the beneficial impact of APOE-ε2 on brain health has not yet been examined systematically. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review searching for

Background Unhealthy lifestyles are recognized contributors to cognitive decline, yet limited evidence focuses on their roles in cognitive decline rate. This study examined the role of smoking, obesity and physical inactivity in cognitive performance and rate of cognitive decline by birth cohort on a global scale. Methods Utilizing data from four prospective cohort studies (CHARLS; ELSA; HRS; and SHARE)

Background The relationships of neutrophils and cytokines with cognitive dysfunction are poorly defined. We aimed to investigate the association of peripheral blood absolute neutrophil count (ANC) with cognitive function in older adults and to further explore the mediating role of serum cytokines in this association. Methods This population-based cohort study included 1,666 dementia-free participants

Social isolation has been found associated with multiple sleep traits in conventional observational studies. However, whether this association is causal and if so, its direction, is uncertain. We analyzed the association between social isolation and multiple sleep traits in 30,430 participants from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS). In bidirectional Mendelian randomization, we used 6, 17 and

Background Older adults reporting higher energy levels have better physical function. It is not known if these associations persist among older adults reporting fatigue or if higher energy is associated with cognitive function. We examined longitudinal associations between self-reported energy, gait speed, and cognition, stratified by fatigue, in 2,613 participants (aged 74.6 ± 2.87 years) in the Health

Background Evidence indicates the healthcare system disproportionately misses dementia in African American compared to White individuals. In preliminary data, we examined factors related to dementia identification by the healthcare system among African Americans. Methods We leveraged linked Medicare fee-for-service claims and detailed annual cohort evaluations in African Americans from four cohorts

Background Intraoperative hypotension is a risk factor for perioperative adverse outcomes and highly prevalent in older patients. Frailty has been associated with hemodynamic instability but its impact on postinduction hypotension is unclear. Therefore, we assessed the association between frailty and postinduction hypotension in older patients. Methods We retrospectively evaluated electronic medical

Background Age is the greatest risk factor for lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). While LUTS/BPH can be managed with pharmacotherapy, treatment failure has been putatively attributed to numerous pathological features of BPH (e.g., prostatic fibrosis, inflammation). Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging, however its impact on the pathological

Aging of the organism is associated diminished response to external stimuli including weakened immune function, resulting in diseases that impair health and lifespan. Several dietary restriction modalities have been reported to improve health and lifespan in different animal models, but it is unknown whether any of the lifespan extending dietary treatment could be combined to achieve an additive effect

The appendicular extracellular-to-intracellular water ratio (A-E/I) is a potential marker of skeletal muscle quality, reflecting the balance of water distribution between the extracellular and intracellular compartments of the appendicular limb regions. A-E/I has been increasingly used in recent studies; however, its association with adverse outcomes remains unclear. This study investigated the potential

BACKGROUND We examined the relationship between Global Positioning System (GPS) indicators of community mobility and incident hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and falls over one year in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized trial investigating a physical therapy intervention to improve mobility in older adults. 148 participants

Background This study aims to examine temporal trends in frailty state transitions, and years spent frail, in older Swedish adults. Methods We followed the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen participants from baseline (2001–2004) for 15 (median: 9.6) years. A 40-deficit frailty index (FI) was constructed to identify 3 frailty states: robust (FI ≤ 0.125), mild frailty (0.125 < FI

Cellular senescence is a biological aging process that is exacerbated by obesity and leads to inflammation and age- and obesogenic-driven chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes. Caloric restriction (CR) may improve metabolic function in part by reducing cellular senescence and the pro-inflammatory senescence-associated phenotype (SASP). We conducted an ancillary investigation of an 18-week randomized

Background Consistent and reproducible estimates of the underlying true level of frailty are essential for risk stratification and monitoring of health changes. The purpose of this study is to examine the reliability of the frailty index (FI). Methods 426 community-dwelling older adults from the FRequent health Assessment In Later life (FRAIL70+) study in Austria were interviewed biweekly up to 7 times

Background Falls are a common cause of injury, hospitalisation, functional decline, and residential care admission among older adults. Cardiovascular disorders are recognised risk factors for falls. This systematic review assesses the association between cardiovascular disorders and falls in older adults. Methods Systematic searches were conducted on MEDLINE and EMBASE, encompassing all literature

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, age-related neurodegenerative disorder that affects a large proportion of the elderly population. It currently lacks effective treatments, placing a heavy burden on patients, families, healthcare systems, and society. This is mainly due to our limited comprehension of the pathophysiology of AD progression, as well as the lack of effective drug targets and

Dynamic measures of resilience-the ability to resist and recover from a challenge-may be informative of the rate of aging before overt manifestations such as chronic disease, disability, and frailty. From this perspective mid-life resilience may predict longevity and late-life health. To test this hypothesis, we developed simple, reproducible, clinically relevant challenges and outcome measures of

Background Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has gained recent interest as a potential harbinger of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). In addition, SCD can be related to depressive symptomatology. However, the association between AD and CVD biomarkers, depressive symptomatology, and SCD is still unclear. We investigated the association of

While several antidepressants have been identified as potential geroprotectors, the effect and mechanism of fluoxetine, a representative selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on longevity have not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that fluoxetine promoted longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) with a concomitant extension of a healthy lifespan as indicated by increasing mobility, reducing

Background Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key effectors of urinary tract innate immunity. Identifying differences in urinary AMP levels between younger and older adults is important in understanding older adults’ susceptibility and response to urinary tract infections (UTI) and AMP use as diagnostic biomarkers. We hypothesized that uninfected older adults have higher urinary human neutrophil peptides

Human society is aging, and the percentage of the population that is aged is increasing at an unprecedent rate. It is increasingly appreciated that social behaviors change with aging. One such example is the possible aging-related reduction in dominance status. This change has been thought to underlie aged adults’ peculiar vulnerability to fraud, which has become a major challenge in the present aging

BACKGROUND Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and mobility limitations are bidirectionally associated among older adults, but the role of skeletal muscle remains unknown. We evaluated cross-sectional associations of muscle health and physical performance with LUTS. METHODS We used data from 377 women and 264 men age>70 years in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). LUTS and urinary bother

Males and females rarely express the same length of life. Here we studied how socio-sexual exposure shapes male and female age-specific mortality rates in Drosophila melanogaster. We maintained focal females and males within large, replicated cohorts throughout life with individuals of the same or opposite sex. Consistent with previous works, we found that females kept throughout their lives with males

BACKGROUND The relationship between amino acids (AA), B-vitamins, and their metabolites with D3-creatine dilution (D3Cr) muscle mass, a more direct measure of skeletal muscle mass, has not been investigated. We aimed to assess associations of plasma metabolites with D3Cr muscle mass, as well as muscle strength and physical performance in older men from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort

This is the first known comparative assessment of the associations of epigenetic age estimates with the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis. We used data available in Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE42861) from the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis study. Information regarding RA diagnosis and 450K DNA methylation (DNAm) of 18-to-70-year-old participants was available. Utilizing

Background Physical function and its decline in older age may be connected to treatable vascular risk factors in mid-life. This study aimed to evaluate whether these factors affect the underlying rate of decline. Methods This prospective cohort included 5,481 older adults aged 67 to 91 in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (mean [SD] age=75.8 [5.0], 58% women, 21% Black race) without

Background Associations of weight changes and intentionality of weight loss with longevity are not well described. Methods Using longitudinal data from the Women’s Health Initiative (N = 54 437; 61–81 years), we examined associations of weight changes and intentionality of weight loss with survival to ages 90, 95, and 100. Weight was measured at baseline, year 3, and year 10, and participants were