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International corneal and ocular surface disease dataset for electronic health records Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-15 Darren S J Ting, Stephen Kaye, Saaeha Rauz
Background/Aims To provide a comprehensive and internationally standardised Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease (C&OSD) dataset for use in electronic health records (EHRs). Methods This was an international consensus study conducted through roundtable discussions involving 35 international experts specialising in the field of C&OSD. The Royal College of Ophthalmologists dataset guidelines were used to
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Intergenerational change in China’s epidemic of myopia: the impact of the social environment Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-10 Xin Chen, Yin Hu, Ian Morgan, Mingguang He, Xiaohu Ding
Purpose To explore intergenerational changes in the myopia epidemic in China in a sample of twins and their parents. Methods Longitudinal cohort study. A total of 686 children with baseline age from 7 to 15 years were followed annually from 2006 to 2018. Cycloplegic refractions and ocular biometry of the children and non-cycloplegic refractions and ocular biometry of the parents were measured. Results
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Mapping the impact: AI-driven quantification of geographic atrophy on OCT scans and its association with visual sensitivity loss Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-09 David A Merle, Robyn H Guymer, Mark A Chia, Reena Chopra, Dominic J Williamson, Robbert R Struyven, Maxime Jannaud, Xavier Hadoux, Peter van Wijngaarden, Pearse A Keane, Zhichao Wu
Background/aims To examine the association between artificial intelligence (AI)-driven segmentation of geographic atrophy (GA) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual sensitivity loss quantified by defect-mapping microperimetry, a testing strategy optimised to quantify the spatial extent of deep visual sensitivity losses. Methods 50 individuals with GA secondary to age-related macular degeneration
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Lens position change following cataract surgery in eyes with thick lenses: an SS-OCT based study Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-02 Chao Chen, Jitong Zhou, Kaiwen Cheng, Xiaoxin Hu, Mengchao Zhu, Yu Du, Jiaqi Meng, Yi Lu, Wenwen He, Xiangjia Zhu
Purpose To evaluate the impact of intraocular lens (IOL) positional change following cataract surgery, measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in eyes with different lens thicknesses (LTs), and its influence on the accuracy of IOL power calculation. Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled patients who planned to undertake phacoemulsification and monofocal IOL implantation
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At a glance Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Frank Larkin
This case-control study found male gender, prior anterior uveitis, and glaucoma as significant risk factors for CMV corneal endotheliitis in 1194 corneal transplant cases, emphasising importance of vigilant postoperative monitoring, especially in the first year post-transplant. This study examined the impact of social determinants of health on keratoconus and found that higher levels of education are
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CMV corneal endotheliitis Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Vishal Jhanji
When corneal endotheliitis was first reported by Khodadoust and Attarzadeh in 1982, it was thought to be caused by an autoimmune process.1 The clinical presentation was similar to corneal allograft rejection due to the presence of linear corneal keratic precipitates (KPs). PCR testing in a patient with a similar clinical presentation in Japan led to discovery of the herpes simplex virus.2 Later, Koizumi
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Predictors of cytomegalovirus corneal endotheliitis postcorneal transplantation Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Mako Watanabe, Koji Kitazawa, Hideki Fukuoka, Koichi Wakimasu, Tsutomu Inatomi, Kengo Yoshii, Noriko Koizumi, Shigeru Kinoshita, Chie Sotozono
Purpose This study was designed to investigate risk factors for the development of cytomegalovirus (CMV) corneal endotheliitis following corneal transplantation. Methods We retrospectively analysed 1225 corneal transplants for bullous keratopathy between 2011 and 2021. 31 cases who were administered the treatment of CMV corneal endotheliitis preoperatively were excluded, and 1194 cases were analysed
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Social determinants of health as risk factors for keratoconus in the All of Us database Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Caleb Tan, Allan I Puran, Ahmad Santina, Fei Yu, Ken Kitayama, Victoria L Tseng, Anne L Coleman
Background/aims Clinical risk factors for keratoconus (KCN) have previously been established. While the impact of the social determinants of health on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of KCN has been explored, further study of these associations is needed in large and diverse populations. This cross-sectional study determines how education level and income impact the prevalence of KCN in the USA
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Metastatic conjunctival melanoma: a multicentre international study Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Puneet Jain, Paul T Finger, Maria Filì, Bertil Damato, Sarah E Coupland, Heinrich Heimann, Nihal Kenawy, Niels J Brouwer, Marina Marinkovic, Sjoerd van Duinen, Jean-Pierre Caujolle, Celia Maschi, Stefan Seregard, David E Pelayes, Martin Folgar, Yacoub Yousef, Hatem Krema, Brenda Gallie, Carlos Alberto Calle Vasquez
Background To reveal clinical findings related to metastatic conjunctival melanoma. Methods 10 ophthalmic oncology centres (9 countries and 4 continents) shared data to create a large clinical case series. The main outcome measures were the incidence and cumulative risk of systemic metastasis, study mortality rates and Kaplan-Meier patient mortality after developing conjunctival melanoma metastasis
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Genome-wide association study of anterior uveitis Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Fredrika Koskimäki, Oona Ahokas, Risto Kajanne, Krista-Roberta Saviauk, Abdelrahman Elnahas, Anu Reigo, Kadri Reis, Tõnu Esko, Priit Palta, Sanna Leinonen, Johannes Kettunen, Johanna Liinamaa, Minna K Karjalainen, Ville Saarela, Estonian Biobank Research Team Consortium, FinnGen Consortium
Background/aims The purpose of this study is to define genetic factors associated with anterior uveitis through genome-wide association study (GWAS). Methods In this GWAS meta-analysis, we combined data from the FinnGen, Estonian Biobank and UK Biobank with a total of 12 205 anterior uveitis cases and 917 145 controls. We performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to investigate associations
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Longitudinal corneal hysteresis changes predict structural progression in medically controlled, early-to-moderate, open-angle glaucoma with a history of refractive surgery Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Jihei Sara Lee, Hyoung Won Bae, Chan Yun Kim, Sang Yeop Lee
Background The present study aims to identify the relationship between longitudinal changes in corneal hysteresis (CH) and progressive retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thinning in a cohort of medically controlled, early-to-moderate open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients with a history of laser refractive surgery (LRS). Methods A total of 123 consecutive eyes with a diagnosis of medically controlled (peak
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Number of macula optical coherence tomography scans needed to detect glaucoma progression Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Golnoush Mahmoudinezhad, Sasan Moghimi, Kareem Latif, Nicole Brye, Evan Walker, Takashi Nishida, Kelvin H Du, Gopikasree Gunasegaran, Jo-Hsuan Wu, Jeffrey M Liebmann, Massimo A Fazio, Christopher A Girkin, Linda M Zangwill, Robert N Weinreb
Background To evaluate the impact of testing frequency on the time required to detect statistically significant glaucoma progression for ganglion cell complex (GCC) with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Materials and methods From multicentre glaucoma registries, 332 eyes of 201 glaucoma patients were enrolled over an average of 4.4 years. Patients with 4 or more OCT tests were selected to calculate
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Sonographic bleb visualisation after PAUL glaucoma implant surgery Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Constance Weber, Leonie Weinhold, Wolfgang Walz, Michael Petrak, Frank G Holz, Raffael Liegl, Karl Mercieca
Background/aims Bleb characteristics in the area around the plate following glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery are difficult to evaluate on slit lamp examination. Ultrasound sonography could be used for more detailed visualisation. The aim of this study was to describe bleb configuration after PAUL glaucoma implant (PGI) surgery and evaluate the possible correlation with intraocular pressure (IOP)
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Prognostic value of macular neovascularisation characteristics for photoreceptor integrity in nAMD: a prospective observational study Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Jiaxin Pu, Xuenan Zhuang, Miaoling Li, Xinlei Hao, Guiqin He, Yongyue Su, Yuhong Gan, Xiongze Zhang, Yuying Ji, Lan Mi, Yining Zhang, Ruijun Yang, Xuelin Chen, Feng Wen
Purpose To explore the relationship between characteristics of macular neovascularisation (MNV) and photoreceptor integrity in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods This prospective study enrolled treatment-naïve nAMD eyes and conducted a 3-month follow-up. 16 quantitative MNV features were evaluated using optical coherence tomography angiography, and the impaired
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Preretinal abnormal tissue before and after pars plana vitrectomy in macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a multimodal imaging study Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Alberto Quarta, Lisa Toto, Maria Ludovica Ruggeri, Annamaria Porreca, Agbeanda Aharrh-Gnama, Lucio Zeppa, Lorenzo Motta, Matteo Gironi, Marta Di Nicola, Rodolfo Mastropasqua
Purpose To quantitatively explore preretinal abnormal tissue (PAT) in macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) before and after surgery. Methods In this case-series study, PAT was detected by en-face optical coherence tomography images with custom slabs in eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SF6 for macula-on RRD. Main outcome measures were PAT area at baseline, 3-month and 6-month
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Inferior rectus muscle detachment during strabismus surgery has a major effect on anterior segment perfusion, as shown by LSCI perfusion monitoring Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Linn Engqvist, HannaMaria Öhnell, Ella Nygren, Aboma Merdasa, Rafi Sheikh, Ulf Dahlstrand, Malin Malmsjö
Background Anterior segment ischaemia (ASI) is a rare but feared complication associated with strabismus surgery, arising from damage of the anterior ciliary arteries that run along the extraocular rectus muscles. It has been reported that the risk of ASI following strabismus surgery increases when the vertical rectus muscles are involved. The aim of the present study was to monitor anterior segment
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Optic nerve sheath enhancement on orbital MRI in giant cell arteritis Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Rebka K Ephrem, Suyash Mohan, Ryan Rebello, Rui Liang, Robert Kurtz, Jae W Song, Madhura A Tamhankar, Rennie L Rhee
Background Differentiating arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (A-AION) due to giant cell arteritis (GCA) from non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) may pose a diagnostic challenge. Our study aimed to assess the use of standard orbital MRI in distinguishing ocular manifestations of GCA from NA-AION. Methods This study included 25 consecutive patients (11 GCA, 14 NA-AION)
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Low clinical activity score, ‘progressive’ thyroid eye disease: presentations of 1439 patients from a tertiary centre in Hong Kong Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Kenneth Ka Hei Lai, Fatema Mohamed Ali Abdulla Aljufairi, Jake Uy Sebastian, Kei Hei Lai, Karen Kar Wun Chan, Joyce Kar Yee Chin, Regine Yien Ching Chan, Chi Lai Li, Wilson Wai Kuen Yip, Alvin Lerrmann Young, Clement Chee Yung Tham, Chi Pui Pang, Kelvin Kam Lung Chong
Background To report the presenting clinical, serological and treatment profiles of 1439 patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) from a tertiary centre in Hong Kong. Study populations Consecutive patients with TED presented to the Thyroid Eye Clinic (TEC), the Chinese University of Hong Kong between 2014 and 2023. Methods Prospective cohort and masked review of medical records and orbital images. Results
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Prevalence and risk factors of myopic macular degeneration: the Aier-SERI high myopia adult cohort Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Li Lian Foo, Yanfeng Jiang, Quan V Hoang, Hla Myint Htoon, Ziqi Hu, Wei Pan, Kai Xiong Cheong, Ecosse Luc Lamoureux, Zhikuan Yang, Weizhong Lan, Seang-Mei Saw
Purpose To assess the prevalence and risk factors of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in young and middle-aged individuals with high myopia in Changsha, central China. Methods A total of 445 adults with high myopia (worse than or equal to −5.0 D) were examined between 2021 and 2023. Autorefraction and biometry using IOLMaster were conducted, and fundus photos were graded for MMD using Meta-PM criteria
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Risk factors for visual loss after excision of orbital cavernous venous malformations: a systematic review Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-06-01 James Pietris, Clare Quigley, Alkis James Psaltis, Geoffrey E Rose, Dinesh Selva
Background Orbital cavernous venous malformations (OCVMs) are the most common primary orbital mass lesion and presenting symptoms are usually secondary to a mass effect. Surgical excision presents unique challenges and vision loss is a rare, but devastating, complication. This review aims to identify risk factors for vision loss with excision of OCVMs. Method A systematic search of the databases PubMed/MEDLINE
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Keratoscope-guided opening of graft-host junction to treat elevated astigmatism after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-28 Costanza Rossi, Andrea Lucisano, Giovanni Scalia, Sabrina Vaccaro, Giuseppe Alessio, Andrea Taloni, Maria Angela Romeo, Simone Porchia, Massimiliano Borselli, Adriano Carnevali, Vincenzo Scorcia, Giovanna Carnovale-Scalzo
Aims To describe a simple surgical technique consisting of opening the vertical graft-host junction (GHJ) to manage high astigmatism following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and to report postoperative visual and topographic outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective interventional case series. Patients affected by high astigmatism after DALK underwent progressive opening of the previous
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Systematic review investigating the time taken for corneal stabilisation following contact lens cessation Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-26 Ali Abid, Himal Kandel, Stephanie Watson
Background Contact lenses (CLs), used by approximately 140 million people globally, can induce corneal warpage, altering corneal geometry. This impacts corneal imaging, influencing diagnostic assessments, follow-ups and pre-operative evaluations. This systematic review aimed to determine the optimal CL cessation period before corneal imaging. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted across
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Retrospective multicentre study on functional vision score calculation using automated perimeter Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-24 Mieko Tsuruoka, Yoshimune Hiratsuka, Kenji Inoue, Miki Murakami, Kazuma Oku, Hiroyuki Kondo, Mayumi Sainohira, Taiji Sakamoto, Akira Murakami
Background/aims This study aimed to develop a predictive equation for Functional Field Score (FFS), a component of the Functional Vision Score (FVS) derived from binocular Esterman test results via automated perimetry (AP) and to evaluate agreement with Goldmann perimetry (GP)-based FFS. Methods This retrospective multicentre study included 240 patients (mean age: 61±17.5 years) who underwent both
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Tocilizumab effectiveness in paediatric non-infectious uveitis: data from the International AIDA Network Registries on ocular inflammatory disorders Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-24 Jurgen Sota, Luciana Breda, Maria Pia Paroli, Soad Hashad, Alejandra de-la-Torre, Silvana Guerriero, Abdurrahman Tufan, Juanita Cardona-López, María José Altamar-García, Saverio La Bella, Antonio Vitale, Edoardo Biancalana, Emanuela Del Giudice, Francesca Minoia, Sulaiman Al-Mayouf, Bruno Frediani, Luca Cantarini, Claudia Fabiani
To describe tocilizumab (TCZ) effectiveness in 15 children with refractory non-infectious uveitis. Reported outcomes are the number of relapses before and after treatment, steroid-sparing effect and drug retention rate. Macular oedema, fluorangiographic findings and ocular complications are also reported. The mean number of ocular relapses significantly decreased from 314 per 100 eyes/year to 106 per
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Enhancing pathological myopia diagnosis: a bimodal artificial intelligence approach integrating fundus and optical coherence tomography imaging for precise atrophy, traction and neovascularisation grading Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-20 Zhiyan Xu, Yajie Yang, Huan Chen, Ruo’an Han, Xiaoxu Han, Jianchun Zhao, Weihong Yu, Zhikun Yang, Youxin Chen
Background Pathological myopia (PM) has emerged as a leading cause of global visual impairment, early detection and precise grading of PM are crucial for timely intervention. The atrophy, traction and neovascularisation (ATN) system is applied to define PM progression and stages with precision. This study focuses on constructing a comprehensive PM image dataset comprising both fundus and optical coherence
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Adverse renal events between ranibizumab and aflibercept in patients with diabetic macular oedema in Taiwan: a comparative cohort study Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-16 Wan-Ju Annabelle Lee, Shih-Chieh Shao, Miyuki Hsing-Chun Hsieh, Tzu-Chi Liao, Swu-Jane Lin, Edward Chia-Cheng Lai
Aims To assess and compare the risk of adverse renal events among patients with diabetic macular oedema (DME) who were treated with either intravitreal ranibizumab or aflibercept in Taiwan. Methods We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study and employed a target trial emulation framework using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Database from 2011 to 2018. Patients aged over 20 years
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Assessment of the effect of physical activity on intraocular pressure using a novel implanted telemetric pressure sensor Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-16 Vincenzo Pennisi, Jacqueline J O N van den Bosch, Anna Neustaeter, Angela Ehmer, Hagen Thieme, Michael B Hoffmann, Lars Choritz
Background Due to technical limitations of commonly used tonometry devices, the effects of physical exercise on intraocular pressure (IOP) have never been studied during exercise. This study continuously monitored IOP variations in patients with glaucoma during physical exercise using an implanted IOP microsensor. Methods In total, 10 participants (six male and four female) with open-angle glaucoma
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Factors associated with diplopia before and after orbital blowout fracture reconstruction Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-16 Hiroaki Oku, Akihide Watanabe, Saul N Rajak, Tomomichi Nakayama, Akiko Yoneda, Kengo Yoshii, Chie Sotozono
Background/Aims To ascertain factors associated with persistent diplopia after orbital fracture reconstruction. Methods In this retrospective study, we reviewed 798 cases with depressed fragment fracture at the Department of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Hospital between January 2009 and November 2023. The restriction of extraocular movements and diplopia was assessed using the Hess area
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Fluid fluctuations assessed with artificial intelligence during the maintenance phase impact anti-vascular endothelial growth factor visual outcomes in a multicentre, routine clinical care national age-related macular degeneration database Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-16 Ruben Martin-Pinardel, Jordi Izquierdo-Serra, Carolina Bernal-Morales, Sandro De Zanet, Gonzaga Garay-Aramburu, Martin Puzo, Carolina Arruabarrena, Laura Sararols, Maximino Abraldes, Laura Broc, Jose Juan Escobar-Barranco, Marta Figueroa, Miguel Angel Zapata, José M Ruiz-Moreno, Alba Parrado-Carrillo, Aina Moll-Udina, Socorro Alforja, Marc Figueras-Roca, Laia Gómez-Baldó, Carlos Ciller, Stefanos Apostolopoulos
Aim To evaluate the impact of fluid volume fluctuations quantified with artificial intelligence in optical coherence tomography scans during the maintenance phase and visual outcomes at 12 and 24 months in a real-world, multicentre, national cohort of treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) eyes. Methods Demographics, visual acuity (VA) and number of injections were collected
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Inflammation and patient satisfaction in micropulse versus continuous wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-16 Leonie Franziska Keidel, Franziska Eckardt, Matthias Nobl, Siegfried Priglinger, Marc Mackert
Background/aims This work aims to clarify whether micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MPCPC) is gentler in terms of postoperative inflammation and is better tolerated compared with continuous wave cyclophotocoagulation (CWCPC). Methods Prospective, randomised controlled, interventional, single-centre trial performed at the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich from January 2020 to July 2023
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Biomarkers of risk of switching to dexamethasone implant for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema in real clinical practice: a multicentric study Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-16 Jorge Ruiz-Medrano, Patricia Udaondo Mirete, Marina Fernández-Jiménez, Monica Asencio-Duran, José Ignacio Fernández-Vigo, Marta Medina-Baena, Ignacio Flores-Moreno, Jesus Pareja-Esteban, Sara Touhami, Audrey Giocanti-Aurégan, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Anat Loewenstein, José M Ruiz-Moreno
Objective To establish the influence of different optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers at baseline treatment on the potential response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for diabetic macular oedema (DME). Methods Multicentric, retrospective, case-series study in patients with DME switched to dexamethasone implant injections (DEX-i) after anti-VEGF in real clinical
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Impact of mental health comorbidities on the effect of cataract surgery on dementia risk: a real-world retrospective cohort study Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-16 Shih-Kai Kao, Ming-Pei Yueh, Huan-Jui Yeh, Hui-Chen Cheng
Background Cataract surgery has been shown to reduce the risk of developing dementia in the future; however, its impact on different dementia subtypes, including vascular dementia, remains unknown. Moreover, its dementia-protecting effect among cataract patients with common mental disorder (CMD) remains unclear. Methods Patients aged 65 or older diagnosed with cataract between 2012 and 2021 were included
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Semi-automated screening reveals patients with glaucoma-induced blindness missing out on social support: a cross-sectional study of certificate of visual impairment allocation Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-16 Arun James Thirunavukarasu, Nikhil Jain, Helmut C Y Yu, George Nishimura, Ansh Tandon, Hamid Butt, Rohan Sanghera, Rupert R A Bourne
Background/aims Many countries provide social support to patients with severe sight impairment (blindness). In the UK, these benefits require a certificate of visual impairment (CVI) which requires referral by a consultant ophthalmologist. Many eligible patients do not receive a CVI due to personal choice or lack of consideration or communication by their doctor. This study investigated the frequency
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Anti-VEGF injections and macular atrophy progression in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in remission Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-16 Nehal Nailesh Mehta, Ines Doris Nagel, Akshay Agnihotri, Fritz Gerald Paguiligan Kalaw, Anna Heinke, Lingyun Cheng, Dirk-Uwe Bartsch, William R Freeman
Aims To determine the effect of continuing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections on the progression of macular atrophy (MA) during remission of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 59 eyes with nAMD with at least 6-month remission (disease inactivity) were analysed and were grouped into two. In group 1, anti-VEGF injections
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Corneal hysteresis as a biomarker in glaucoma development among patients with myopia: a prospective study based on the UK Biobank Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-14 Jae-Seung Yun, Sang-Hyuk Jung, Seung Min Jung, Hong-Hee Won, Dokyoon Kim, Jin A Choi
Background/aims We investigated the impact of potential risk factors on the development of incident glaucoma in individuals with myopia. Methods This prospective cohort study investigated participants aged 40–69 years from the UK Biobank. Participants were classified based on the degree of myopia: non-myopic (spherical equivalent (SE)≤−0.5D), mild myopia (−3.0D
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Choriocapillaris impairment in dry AMD: insights from swept-source OCT angiography and associations with structural biomarkers Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-13 Katherine Overbey, Francesco Romano, Xinyi Ding, Cade F Bennett, Isabella Stettler, Itika Garg, Ioanna Ploumi, Filippos Vingopoulos, Melissa Yuan, Peyman Razavi, Matthew Finn, Inês Laíns, Nimesh A Patel, Leo Kim, David Wu, Dean Eliott, Deeba Husain, Demetrios Vavvas, Joan W Miller, John B Miller
Aims To assess choriocapillaris flow deficit percentage (CCFD%) across stages of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Methods This cross-sectional, observational study included 270 eyes (182 patients), classified as early (70 eyes), intermediate (121 eyes) and geographic atrophy (GA, 79 eyes). Participants underwent a complete
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Validation of a self-administered Home ETDRS visual acuity testing (H-ETDRS) for self-monitoring vision changes in retinal diseases Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-10 Zitian Liu, Yanjing Huang, Ling Jin, Caineng Pan, Xiaotong Han, Yingfeng Zheng
Objective To validate a self-administered Home Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (H-ETDRS) visual acuity (VA) test and to assess its accuracy in detecting VA decline in patients with retinal diseases. Methods A validation group of 156 participants and a testing group of 100 participants with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration were recruited. All participants underwent
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Diagnostic report generation for macular diseases by natural language processing algorithms Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-10 Xufeng Zhao, Chunshi Li, Jingyuan Yang, Xingwang Gu, Bing Li, Yuelin Wang, Bi-lei Zhang, Xirong Li, Jianchun Zhao, Jie Wang, Weihong Yu
Aims To investigate rule-based and deep learning (DL)-based methods for the automatically generating natural language diagnostic reports for macular diseases. Methods This diagnostic study collected the ophthalmic images of 2261 eyes from 1303 patients. Colour fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography images were obtained. Eyes without retinal diseases as well as eyes diagnosed with four
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Deep learning-based system for automatic identification of benign and malignant eyelid tumours Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-10 Wanlin Fan, Martine Johanna Jager, Weiwei Dai, Ludwig M Heindl
Aims Our aim is to develop a deep learning-based system for automatically identifying and classifying benign and malignant tumours of the eyelid to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Methods The dataset includes photographs of normal eyelids, benign and malignant eyelid tumours and was randomly divided into a training and validation dataset in a ratio of 8:2. We used the training dataset to
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Inherited retinal disease pathway in the UK: a patient perspective and the potential of AI Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-09 Wendy Wong, Dayyanah Sumodhee, Tiyi Morris, Bhavna Tailor, Catherine Hollyhead, William A Woof, Stephen Archer, Carl Veal, Loy Lobo, Saoud Al-Khuzaei, Malena Daich Varela, Thales A C de Guimaraes, Manuel Gomes, Mital Shah, Mariya Moosajee, Susan M Downes, Savita Madhusudhan, Omar A Mahroo, Andrew R Webster, Michel Michaelides, Nikolas Pontikos
Background Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are the leading cause of blindness in young people in the UK. Despite significant improvements in genomics medicine, the diagnosis of these conditions remains challenging, and around 40% do not receive a definite genetic diagnosis after extensive genetic testing. This survey aims to investigate the experience of individuals affected by IRDs, their relatives
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Feature developments in artificial corneal devices: a review Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-09 Gavin Li, Michael X Lin, Maria S Cortina, Esen Karamursel Akpek
Corneal disease ranks as the fifth leading cause of global blindness, affecting more than 10 million individuals. Donor corneal transplantation, keratoplasty, remains the mainstay of addressing loss of corneal clarity. Historically, full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty (PK) has been one of the most successful and widely performed transplant procedures, although predominantly available in developed
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Stage-specific dynamics of macular pigment optical density as a prognostic biomarker in epiretinal membrane surgery Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-09 Alberto Quarta, Lisa Toto, Matteo Gironi, Maria Ludovica Ruggeri, Agbeanda Aharrh-Gnama, Annamaria Porreca, Lucio Zeppa, Matteo Di Censo, Pierpaolo Ferrante, Marta Di Nicola, Rodolfo Mastropasqua
Purpose To explore macular pigment optical density (MPOD) dynamics in stage 2 and stage 3 epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and to evaluate its pre and postoperative modifications. Furthermore, the study assessed the potential of MPOD as a prognostic biomarker in ERM management. Methods A cohort of stage 2 (n=21) and 3 (n=20) ERM patients, matched for age and gender, underwent clinical evaluation at baseline
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Atropine and Spectacle lens Combination Treatment (ASPECT): 12-month results of a randomised controlled trial for myopia control using a combination of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) lenses and 0.025% atropine Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-09 Noemi Guemes-Villahoz, Paula Talavero González, Paloma Porras-Ángel, Rafael Bella-Gala, Alicia Ruiz-Pomeda, Beatriz Martin-Garcia, Elena Hernandez-Garcia, Nunila Gomez de Liaño, Rakhee Shah, Julian Garcia-Feijoo, Rosario Gomez-de-Liaño
Aim To evaluate and compare the efficacy of combination treatment using 0.025% atropine and Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses to 0.025% atropine and single vision (SV) spectacle lenses in slowing myopia progression in children with myopia. Methods Randomised controlled trial conducted on children aged 4–16 years with myopia between −1.00D and −6.00D and astigmatism ≤2.00D
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At a glance Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Frank Larkin
Statistically significant worsening of myopia progression was observed in children after COVID-19 home confinement. Elementary school age children demonstrated the greatest increase in myopia prevalence. Low myopia patients demonstrated the greatest change in mean spherical equivalent. Using handheld swept source optical coherence tomography, markers of foveal immaturity, including shallower foveal
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Registry-based randomised controlled trials in glaucoma: the time is right? Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Mitchell Lawlor, Catherine Q. Sun, Gus Gazzard
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) remain the gold standard in medical research; however, their high cost can bias which interventions receive rigorous assessment. Other limitations are increasingly recognised: RCTs often have poor external validity because they do not represent diverse populations1 and many fail to meet recruitment targets. Observational data, such as that from clinical registries
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Key strategies to reduce the global burden of myopia: consensus from the international myopia summit Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Leila Sara Eppenberger, Amanda Davis, Serge Resnikoff, Tien Yin Wong, Weizhong Lan, Seang-Mei Saw, Ming Guang He, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui, Jost B Jonas, Jia Qu, for the International Myopia Summit Workgroup, Marcus Ang
In this paper, we describe key strategies to guide global collaborative efforts to further reduce the burden of myopia and myopia-related visual impairment. A modified Delphi method was applied as an iterative multistage process to collect expert and stakeholders’ opinions and extract consensus strategies regarding myopia diagnosis, prevention and control. Anonymous pre-meeting preparation rounds,
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Refractive changes in children in the Chicago area during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective observational study Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Eugene Kim, Magdalena Stec, Noreen Shaikh, Jonathan Huang, Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo, Rebecca Mets-Halgrimson
Background Remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic caused behavioural changes such as increased screen time and decreased outdoor time. This study aimed to investigate myopia progression in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This was a retrospective observational study performed among 2064 patients ages 2–17 with cycloplegic refractions in the months of January 2019–March 2021 at a
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Semiautomated measures of foveal immaturity from handheld swept-source optical coherence tomography are associated with retinopathy of prematurity severity Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Emily K Tam, Karen E Lee, Sumner E Lawson, Tatiana R Monger, Alex T Legocki, John P Kelly, Teng Liu, Yujiao Zheng, Leona Ding, Kristina Tarczy-Hornoch, Ruikang Wang, Michelle T Cabrera
Background/aims Handheld swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was previously used to measure foveal maturity through semiautomated methods in awake premature infants. This study assesses the relationship between foveal maturity and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) severity. Methods This is a prospective, observational study using handheld SS-OCT imaging of premature infants undergoing
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In vivo lacrimal gland imaging artefact assessment based on swept-source optical coherence tomography for dry eye disease Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Weijing Cheng, Longyue Li, Juejing Chen, Ziyan Chen, Jing Li, Siyi Liu, Nuan Zhang, Feng Gu, Wenhui Wang, Wei Wang, Boyu Yang, Lingyi Liang
Background This study aimed to characterise imaging artefacts in the lacrimal gland using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in patients with dry eye disease (DED) and healthy participants and identify risk factors for these artefacts. Methods In total, 151 eyes, including 104 from patients with DED and 47 from non-DED participants, were analysed. Demographic data collection, comprehensive
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Outcomes of staged conjunctival flap and corneal transplantation for infectious keratitis resistant to medical treatment Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Raphael Kilian, Marco Pellegrini, Angeli Christy Yu, Valentino de Ruvo, Niccolò Salgari, Massimo Busin
Background/Aims To explore the outcomes of conjunctival flap (CF) followed by keratoplasty in patients with severe infectious keratitis (IK) unresponsive to medical treatment. Methods This is a retrospective monocentric study including 29 eyes of 29 patients with IK resistant to antibiotic treatment associated with stromal ulcer deepening to ≥50% of corneal thickness. All eyes underwent Gundersen’s
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Comparison of clinical outcomes between different combinations of hybrid multifocal, extended-depth-of-focus and enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Bokyung Kim, Hyeck-Soo Son, Ramin Khoramnia, Gerd U Auffarth, Chul Young Choi
Purpose To compare clinical outcomes of bilateral implantation of hybrid multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) versus mix-and-match implantation of hybrid multifocal and extended-depth-of-focus (EDOF) versus mix-and-match implantation of hybrid multifocal and enhanced monofocal IOLs. Methods Patients with bilateral age-related cataract were randomised in one of three groups: group 1, bilateral hybrid
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Earliest location of glaucomatous retinal nerve fibre layer damage is determined by intact baseline RNFL thickness profile Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Eun Jung Lee, Do Young Park, Jong Chul Han, Changwon Kee
Background/aims To identify whether an intact retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness profile could determine the location of the earliest RNFL defect in glaucoma. Methods Retrospective longitudinal cohort study of patients with initial unilateral glaucoma who eventually developed new glaucoma in the fellow eye. Guided progression analysis (GPA) of serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations
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Nyctohemeral effects of topical beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents measured with an intraocular telemetry sensor Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Kaweh Mansouri, Harsha Laxmana Rao, Robert N Weinreb
Objective To evaluate nyctohemeral effects of topical beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents and their fixed combinations on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma implanted with an ocular telemetry sensor. Methods 22 patients who had previously been implanted with a sulcus-based IOP sensor (eyemate) were included in this prospective clinical trial. Three classes of medications
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Comparison of baseline clinical characteristics and patterns of visual field defects between high-tension and normal-tension glaucoma Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Zidong Chen, Wenxin Yang, Yangfan Yang, Yuzhen Jiang, Yuning Zhang, Xinyi Zhang, Chongxuan Luo, Mingqin Wang, Yanmei Fan, Pingping Liu, Neil Nathwani, Gus Gazzard, Minbin Yu
Aims To compare the baseline clinical characteristics and patterns of visual field defects between high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) in the Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension (LiGHT) China subjects. Methods All patients (n=622) were recruited at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from 2015 to 2019. 1105 open-angle glaucoma eyes of 622 patients were classified as NTG (n=559)
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Clinical characteristics and optical coherence tomography features of ocular toxoplasmosis in HIV-positive patients: report 1 Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Anamika Patel, Merlin Saldanha, Anup Kelagaonkar, Thorani Yediballi, Ilaria Testi, Carlos Pavesio, Avinash Pathengay
Purpose This study aimed to identify the various clinical characteristics and ocular imaging features of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) in HIV patients. Methods Observational retrospective study of 52 eyes of 38 HIV patients with OT. Results 68% of patients were male. 53.8% of eyes had keratic precipitates, anterior chamber cells were seen in 61.5%. 57.69% (n=30) eyes had de novo presentation of retinitis
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Short-term intraocular pressure changes after intravitreal aflibercept 2 mg, aflibercept 8 mg and faricimab: a prospective, comparative study Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Arianna Paris, Giulio Volpe, Kathrin Perruchoud-Ader, Alex Casanova, Moreno Menghini, Gabriela Grimaldi
Background/aims Intravitreal injection (IVT) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents is the standard of care for several retinal diseases but can cause intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations. This study investigates short-term postinjection IOP changes following aflibercept 8 mg and faricimab, compared with aflibercept 2 mg. Methods This observational, prospective study included 90 patients
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Outlier ophthalmologists in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with intravitreal therapy Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Yohei Hashimoto, Adrian Robert Hunt, Jane M Wells, Gayatri Banerjee, Ross Ferrier, Richard Barry, Andrew Field, Justin Game, Claire Yvonne Hooper, Daniel Barthelmes, Mark C Gillies
Background To compare individual ophthalmologists grouped as outliers or non-outliers based on the mean 12-month visual acuity (VA) outcomes for their patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods This prospectively designed database study included treatment-naïve eyes with nAMD starting vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors between July 2018 and April 2023 in Australia
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Colour vision deficiency is associated with increased prevalence of amblyopia, strabismus and ametropia: a large population study Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Edward Barayev, Michael Shapiro, Eran Greenbaum, Yuval Ran, Assaf Gershoni, Gad Dotan
Aims To examine the association between colour vision deficiency (CVD) and other ophthalmic disorders including amblyopia, strabismus and ametropia in a large population study. Methods The retrospective, cross-sectional study included 916 388 Israeli army male recruits who had their premilitary medical assessment at the age of 16–18 years from 2000 to 2020, analysing the prevalence of ophthalmic disorders
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Metabolomic signature of retinal ageing, polygenetic susceptibility, and major health outcomes Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Riqian Liu, Shaopeng Yang, Xiaoying Zhong, Ziyu Zhu, Wenyong Huang, Wei Wang
Background/aims To identify the metabolic underpinnings of retinal aging and examine how it is related to mortality and morbidity of common diseases. Methods The retinal age gap has been established as essential aging indicator for mortality and systemic health. We applied neural network to train the retinal age gap among the participants in UK Biobank and used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to profile
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Percent reduction in proptosis after teprotumumab treatment for thyroid eye disease Br. J. Ophthalmol. (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Tatiana R Rosenblatt, Carolina A Chiou, Michael K Yoon, Nahyoung Grace Lee, Natalie Wolkow, Suzanne K Freitag
Prior studies of teprotumumab for thyroid eye disease report proptosis reduction in millimetres, which does not fully capture teprotumumab’s clinical effect since a given number of millimetres change can be of variable impact depending on patients’ degree of pre-treatment proptosis. In this retrospective study analysing proptosis change as a percentage of pre-treatment proptosis among 119 patients