No abstract due to Letter.

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in China. Most HCC patients are firstly diagnosed at an advanced stage, and systemic treatments are the mainstay of treatment. Summary: In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have made a breakthrough in the systemic treatment of middle-advanced HCC, breaking the single therapeutic pattern of molecular targeted

We thank Lin KY et al for their comments on our manuscript entitled “Use of antibiotics during immune checkpoint inhibitors associates with lower survival in hepatocellular carcinoma”.1 Several issues were raised in the letter including the start time for survival analysis, the details of survival time with Kaplan-Meier curve and definition of cancer-related death. In the “Outcome definition” paragraph

Introduction The efficacy of systemic first-line treatments in older adults with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well-studied. We compared the safety and efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab vs sorafenib as a first-line treatment in younger vs older patients with unresectable HCC. Methods This global, phase 3, open-label, randomized clinical trial (IMbrave150) recruited

Introduction: Heparin sulfate proteoglycans in the liver tumour microenvironment (TME) are key regulators of cell signaling, modulated by Sulfatase-2 (SULF2). SULF2 overexpression occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aims were to define the nature and impact of SULF2 in the HCC TME. Methods: In liver biopsies from 60 patients with HCC, expression and localisation of SULF2 was analysed associated

Introduction: In the REFLECT trial, lenvatinib was found to be non-inferior compared to sorafenib in terms of Overall Survival. Here, we analyze the effects of lenvatinib in the real-life experience of several centers across the world, and to identify clinical factors that could be significantly associated with survival outcomes. Methods: The study population derived from retrospectively collected

Objectives:The burden of metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is rising mirrored by an increase in hepatocellular cancer (HCC). MAFLD and its sequelae are characterised by perturbations in lipid handling, inflammation and mitochondrial damage. The profile of circulating lipid and small molecule metabolites with the development of HCC is poorly characterized in MAFLD and could

Liver Cancer 2022;11:398–398

Background: Asia has a high burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to the high rates of chronic hepatitis B infection, and accounts for 70% of HCC cases globally. In the past 20 years, the systemic treatment landscape of advanced HCC has evolved substantially – from tyrosine kinase inhibitors to immune-oncology agents plus anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. The appropriate sequence

Backgrounds and aims: Even if no systemic treatment is currently validated for unresectable hepato-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), and platinum-based chemotherapy are frequently used in clinical practice. Our study aims to describe the effectiveness of first-line systemic treatments in patients with cHCC-CCA. Patients and Methods: Patients with histological diagnosis

Background: This investigator-initiated clinical trial aims to study the efficacy and safety of administering selective internal radiation therapy with resin Yttrium-90 microspheres (SIRT) followed by standard chemotherapy in unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods: A phase II single-arm multicenter study was conducted in patients with unresectable ICC (NCT02167711). SIRT was administered

Introduction With the advent of effective systemic therapy, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is established as a highly effective locoregional treatment modality for carefully selected patients of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This randomized controlled trial was conducted to clarify whether selective TACE with drug-eluting beads loaded with epirubicin (DEB-TACE) or selective conventional TACE

Introduction: Air pollutants are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter with an aerodiameter of 2.5 µm or lower (PM2.5) has been reported to be linked with increased mortality due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effects of air pollutants other than PM2.5 on HCC-related mortality have not been fully

Liver Cancer 2022;11:281–281

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We added a comment to the the article by Kim et al.. We first described how the hazard function and commonly used survival function act complementary, although these two functions are mathematically equivalent. Then, we pointed out two notable findings of the present article: 1) a recurrence by metastasis is presumed to occurred constantly at an annualized incidence of 4%-10% until 6 postoperative

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Liver Cancer

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death not only in Japan, but also worldwide. In the advanced stage, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is one of the most commonly used treatment options for liver cancer in Japan and implantation of a catheter system (called a port system) in the body is a treatment method that has evolved mainly in Japan. The Guideline

Liver Cancer 2022;11:184–184

Introduction: Small duct (SD) and large duct (LD) subtypes of cholangiocarcinoma have been investigated for their prognostic factors. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating SD- and LD-types of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and its prognostic value in predicting survival outcomes. Methods: One-hundred forty patients with

Introduction: Small duct (SD) and large duct (LD) subtypes of cholangiocarcinoma have been investigated for their prognostic factors. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating SD- and LD-types of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and its prognostic value in predicting survival outcomes.Methods: One-hundred forty patients with

Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is very common and it plays a major role in the prognosis and clinical staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have published the first version of the Guideline in 2016 and revised in 2018. Over the past several years, many new evidences for the treatment of PVTT become available especially for the advent of new targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitor

Introduction: Lenvatinib is the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of lenvatinib plus drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) versus lenvatinib alone in real-world practice. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 142 consecutive patients who received lenvatinib plus DEB-TACE and 69 patients who received

This paper presents the first version of clinical practice guidelines for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) established by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. These guidelines consist of 1 treatment algorithm, 5 background statements, 16 clinical questions, and 1 clinical topic, including etiology, staging, pathology, diagnosis, and treatments. Globally, high incidence of ICC has been reported

This paper presents the first version of clinical practice guidelines for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) established by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. These guidelines consist of 1 treatment algorithm, 5 background statements, 16 clinical questions, and 1 clinical topic, including etiology, staging, pathology, diagnosis, and treatments. Globally, high incidence of ICC has been reported

Background: Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass, physical performance, and strength, has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with several therapies. As systemic therapies, including molecular targeted agents, have a strong impact on sarcopenia, we aimed to review the impact of sarcopenia in patients receiving systemic therapies

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Introduction - GNS561/Ezurpimtrostat is a first-in-class, orally bioavailable, small molecule that blocks cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting late-stage autophagy and dose-dependent build-up of enlarged lysosomes by interacting with the palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1). Methods - This phase I, open-label, dose-escalation trial (3+3 design) explored two GNS561 dosing schedules: one single

Objective: There is limited information regarding the benefits of Lenvatinib-transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (LEN-TACE) sequential therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u-HCC). We compared the efficacy and safety of LEN-TACE sequential therapy to LEN monotherapy and investigated the factors contributing to the LEN-TACE sequential therapy deep response. Methods: We enrolled a multi-center

Introduction Several clinical trials comparing the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) plus molecular-targeted agents versus TACE alone revealed no clinical benefits in progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). Here, we report the final OS analysis from the TACTICS trial, which previously demonstrated significant improvement in PFS with TACE plus sorafenib

Background: Multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) have been shown to improve survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with placebo. Distinct from other MKIs, cabozantinib has inhibitory activity for both AXL and MET. This review considers the literature elucidating the role of AXL and MET in HCC progression, treatment resistance, and immunomodulation. A systematic search of the PubMed

Abstract: Background: Tumor recurrence is an abomination for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving local treatment. Purpose: To build a hybrid machine learning model to recommend optimized first treatment (Laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) or Microwave ablation (MWA)) for naïve single 3-5cm HCC patients based on early recurrence (ER, ≤2 years) probability. Methods: This retrospective study

Introduction: Although being a promising technique for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, the 10-year efficacies of microwave ablation (MWA) are unknown. Objective: To assess whether the advances of MWA for HCC translated into a real-world survival benefit. Methods: This retrospective study included 2,354 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0 to B from 5 hospitals, with

Background Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) is a rare primary liver malignancy. Even in patients amenable to surgery, outcomes are often dismal. Here, we aimed to identify prognostic markers for patient outcomes by analyzing functionally relevant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes with a role in tumor inflammation and angiogenesis. We analyzed 11 polymorphisms in the inflammation-angiogenesis

Introduction: In the era of biomarker-driven cancer therapy, robust biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been well-defined. In this hypothesis-generating study, we investigated biomarkers that can be incorporated to predict treatment outcomes in patients with locally advanced HCC who are administered liver-directed combined radiotherapy (LDCRT). Methods: Ninety-nine patients with

Liver Cancer 2022;11:85–85

Background Lenvatinib is approved as first-line treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The efficacy of lenvatinib in Caucasian real-world patients is insufficiently defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of lenvatinib in a multi-center cohort (ELEVATOR) from Germany and Austria. Methods A retrospective data analysis of 205 patients treated with

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and causes many cancer-related deaths worldwide; in China it is the second most prevalent cause of cancer deaths. Most patients are diagnosed clinically with advanced stage disease. Summary: For more than a decade, sorafenib, a small molecular weight tyrosine kinase-inhibitor (SMW TKI) was the only molecular targeted

Introduction: It remains unclear which of surgery or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the more effective treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to compare survival between patients undergoing surgery (surgery group) and patients undergoing RFA (RFA group). Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 49 institutions in Japan. Patients with Child-Pugh scores ≤

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. HCC almost exclusively develops in patients with chronic liver disease, driven by a vicious cycle of liver injury, inflammation and regeneration that typically spans decades. Recently, increasing investigation of the microbiome–gut–liver axis enhances our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in promoting

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma are two liver cancers characterized by gene deregulations, chromosomal rearrangements, and mutations in Wnt/beta-catenin (Wnt) pathway-related genes. LHX2, a transcriptional factor member of the LIM homeobox gene family, has important functions in embryogenesis and liver development. LHX2 is oncogenic in many solid tumors and leukemia but its

Introduction: Prospective evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains lacking. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated C-ion RT in patients with HCC. Methods: The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) pathologically or clinically diagnosed HCC; (2) measurable tumor and tumor

Liver Cancer

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Introduction: We evaluated the radiologic response rate of combined transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus radiotherapy (RT) in treatment-naïve patients with liver-confined hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with macroscopic vascular invasion (MVI) and analyzed its clinical importance in overall survival (OS) outcomes. Methods: Patients who were treated with TACE plus RT as a first-line treatment

Background and Aims: The prognosis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is expected to improve as multiple molecular target agents (MTAs) are now available. However, the impact of the availability of sequential MTAs has not been fully verified yet. Approach and Results: We retrospectively collected the data on the whole clinical course of 877 patients who received any MTAs as first-line

Introduction: Cabozantinib, an inhibitor of MET, AXL, and VEGF receptors, significantly improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus placebo in patients with previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this exploratory analysis, outcomes were evaluated according to plasma biomarker levels. Methods: Baseline plasma levels were evaluated for MET, AXL, VEGFR2

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Hepatectomy is still as the first-line treatment for the early stage HCC, but the complication rate is higher than p-RFA and the overall survival rate is comparable in these two treatments. Therefore, the patients with small single nodular HCCs could get more benefit from p-RFA, and we need to do further research about p-RFA.

Introduction: Atezolizumab (ATEZO) plus bevacizumab (BEVA) represents the new standard of care for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the choice of the second-line treatment after the failure of immunotherapy-based first-line remains elusive. Taking into account the weaknesses of the available evidence, we developed a simulation model based on available phase III randomized

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Abstract Recent developments in systemic chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma have been outstanding. However, reports on conversion surgery after lenvatinib therapy are scarce. We present the first case of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the suprahepatic vena cava close to the right atrium, which shrank after 12 weeks’ administration of lenvatinib, thereby leading

Liver Cancer 2021;10:641–642

Liver Cancer 2021;10:I–VIII

Introduction: Development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) has been associated with enhanced efficacy with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). It remains unknown whether such an association exists in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). This study aims to evaluate the association between irAEs and ICI efficacy in patients with aHCC. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort

Liver Cancer

Background and Rationale: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is an expanding therapeutic option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Antibiotics (ATB) taken prior to or early during ICI therapy can impact immunotherapy efficacy across indications; however, the effect of ATB is undefined in HCC. Methods: In a large international cohort of 450 ICI recipients from Europe, North America, and Asia