BACKGROUND Younger generations are projected to experience more severe climate exposure impacts during their lifetimes than older generations as global warming progresses. Despite the increasing evidence of the recent temporal changes in heat-related mortality risks, there remains a lack of research exploring this association from a cohort perspective. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to quantify the variation

BACKGROUND Studies evaluating how water, sanitation, and/or handwashing (WASH) interventions in low- and middle-income countries impact diarrheal diseases have shown inconsistent results. The prevalence of enteric pathogen infections and diarrhea are highly seasonal and climate-sensitive, which could explain heterogeneous findings. Understanding how season influences the effectiveness of WASH interventions

BACKGROUND Telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) variations are linked to age-related diseases and are associated with environmental exposure and nutritional status. Limited data, however, exist on the associations with mercury exposure, particularly early in life. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between prenatal mercury (Hg) exposure and TL and mtDNAcn in 1,145 Seychelles

BACKGROUND People who live near airports are exposed to higher concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) from aviation. Pregnant women and their fetuses, in particular, are considered to be highly susceptible to environmental exposures. OBJECTIVE Using existing national databases, we investigated associations between adverse birth outcomes and exposure to UFPs from aviation (UFP-aviation) at the

BACKGROUND The 10 key characteristics (KCs) of carcinogens form the basis of a framework to identify, organize, and evaluate mechanistic evidence relevant to carcinogenic hazard identification. The 10 KCs are related to mechanisms by which carcinogens cause cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs programme has successfully applied the KCs framework for the mechanistic

BACKGROUND The widespread use of bisphenol A (BPA) has led to universal exposure among the population, raising concerns about its health effects. Epidemiological studies have linked environmentally relevant levels of BPA exposure to obesity. OBJECTIVES We aimed to uncover the complex mechanisms by which oral exposure during pregnancy with BPA affects the offspring. METHODS We conducted a two-stage

BACKGROUND Sugarcane burning is an agricultural practice that is implemented to increase sugar yields. However, sugarcane burning produces air pollutants associated with adverse health outcomes. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the defined exposures and health effects associated with sugarcane burning and identifies research gaps. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using PubMed,

BACKGROUND The increasing frequency and severity of extreme heat events due to climate change present unique risks to children and adolescents. There is a lack of evidence regarding how heat's impacts on pediatric patients vary spatially and how structural and sociodemographic factors drive this heterogeneity. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between extreme heat events and pediatric acute care

BACKGROUND Various countries have instituted risk governance measures to control and minimize the risks of chemicals at the national and international levels. Activities typically include risk assessment based on a) hazard and exposure assessments; b) setting limits on the production, use, and emissions of chemicals; c) enforcement of regulations; and d) monitoring the effectiveness of the measures

BACKGROUND Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common permanent neuromotor disorder diagnosed in childhood. Although most cases have unknown etiology, emerging evidence suggests environmental risk factors of CP. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether ambient toxic air contaminants (TACs) in the maternal residential area during pregnancy, specifically volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metals, were associated

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have shown that daily exposure to incense smoke is associated with greater risk of cardiovascular mortality, which suggests that chronic exposure to incense could be linked to atherosclerosis. We studied the association between home incense use and the risk of chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), the most severe outcome of peripheral arterial disease. METHODS We

BACKGROUND Millions worldwide are exposed to elevated levels of arsenic that significantly increase their risk of developing atherosclerosis, a pathology primarily driven by immune cells. While the impact of arsenic on immune cell populations in atherosclerotic plaques has been broadly characterized, cellular heterogeneity is a substantial barrier to in-depth examinations of the cellular dynamics for

BACKGROUND Environmental change in coastal areas can drive marine bacteria and resulting infections, such as those caused by Vibrio vulnificus, with both foodborne and nonfoodborne exposure routes and high mortality. Although ecological drivers of V. vulnificus in the environment have been well-characterized, fewer models have been able to apply this to human infection risk due to limited surveillance

BACKGROUND Chlorination is a widespread method for drinking water disinfection that has the drawback of introducing potentially carcinogenic chemical by-products to drinking water. OBJECTIVE We systematically evaluated the epidemiologic evidence of exposure to trihalomethane (THM) disinfection by-products and risk of cancer. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic

BACKGROUND Since their inception, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have gained increasing popularity, sparking a vaping epidemic among adolescents in the US and globally. Several ENDS safety concerns have emerged as device features and formats that contribute to heavy metal exposure and toxicity continue to evolve and outpace regulatory efforts. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to integrate

BACKGROUND Unregulated contaminants in drinking water, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), can contribute to cumulative health risks, particularly in overburdened and less-advantaged communities. To our knowledge, there has been no nationwide assessment of socioeconomic disparities in exposures to unregulated contaminants in drinking water. OBJECTIVE The goals of this study were to

BACKGROUND Uterine fibroids disproportionately affect Black women, and exposure to chemicals from hair relaxers or straighteners ("straighteners") may contribute to fibroid development. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between straightener use and prevalent young-onset uterine fibroids (diagnosed before age 36 y), as well as incident fibroids (diagnosed age 36-60 y), with a focus on Black women

BACKGROUND Coccidioidomycosis, caused by inhalation of Coccidioides spp. spores, is an emerging infectious disease that is increasing in incidence throughout the southwestern US. The pathogen is soil-dwelling, and spore dispersal and human exposure are thought to co-occur with airborne mineral dust exposures, yet fundamental exposure-response relationships have not been conclusively estimated. OBJECTIVES

BACKGROUND Occupational heat-related illness (OHI) is a health threat to workers that can be fatal in severe cases. Effective and feasible measures are urgently needed to prevent OHI. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention, TEMP, in reducing the OHI risk among outdoor workers in the power grid industry. METHODS A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with

BACKGROUND Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous chemical compounds that interfere with the normal function of the endocrine system and are linked to direct and inherited adverse effects in both humans and wildlife. Legacy EDCs such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are no longer used yet remain detectable in biological specimens around the world; concurrently, we are exposed to newer

BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports an association of endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) exposures with adverse biological effects in humans and wildlife. Recent studies reveal that health consequences of environmental exposures may persist or emerge across generations. This creates a dual conundrum: that we are exposed to contemporary environmental chemicals overlaid upon the inheritance of our

BACKGROUND Climate change is the 21st century's biggest global health threat, endangering health care systems worldwide. Health care systems, and hospital care in particular, are also major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. OBJECTIVES This study used a systematic search and screening process to review the carbon footprint of hospital services and care pathways, exploring key contributing factors

BACKGROUND Large prospective cohort studies have been fruitful for identifying exposure-disease associations. In a cohort where biospecimens (e.g., blood, urine) were collected at enrollment, analysts can exploit a case-cohort approach: Biospecimens from a random sample of cohort participants, called the "subcohort," plus a sample of incident cases that were not part of the subcohort are assayed. Reusing

Levels of certain chemicals listed under California's law have declined in biosamples from people across the nation.

Racial and ethnic differences in exposures to phthalates and their replacements through use of soaps, lotions, etc. appear to begin in childhood.

BACKGROUND The Global Calculator is an open-source model of the world's energy, land, and food systems. It is a pioneering online calculator to project the impact of interventions to mitigate climate change on global temperature. A few studies have been conducted to evaluate the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation, though they are still fragmentary. OBJECTIVES Our objectives are to identify

Higher NO2 exposure was associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer. Results hinted that age at exposure might matter.

BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that long-term exposure to air pollution may increase the risk of dementia and related cognitive outcomes. A major source of air pollution is automotive traffic, which is modifiable by technological and regulatory interventions. OBJECTIVES We examined associations of four traffic-related air pollutants with rates of cognitive decline in a cohort of older adults. METHODS

BACKGROUND Residential greenness is linked to birth outcomes. However, the role of greenspace morphology remains poorly understood. Additionally, evidence is lacking regarding whether these relationships vary by subpopulation. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between preterm birth and residential greenspace morphology, including percentage, shape, connectedness, aggregation, closeness, and fragmentation

BACKGROUND Benzene is classified as carcinogenic to humans based on evidence that benzene causes acute myeloid leukemia. However, there is limited evidence that benzene causes lung cancer. OBJECTIVES We performed a systematic review, quality assessment, and meta-analysis of published cohort and case-control studies on the association between occupational benzene exposure and lung cancer risk. METHODS

INTRODUCTION Accurate information on context and implementation of public health interventions is necessary to replicate, adapt, and scale effective interventions and to interpret evaluations. Reporting the context and implementation of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions has been inconsistent and incomplete. METHODS To improve the reporting of WASH interventions, we developed the Template

BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) has been associated with biological, emotional, social, and environmental factors. However, evidence regarding the effect of temperature on PPD is extremely limited. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations between postpartum temperature exposure and PPD. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from Kaiser Permanente Southern California

High school students and teachers paired with researchers improved awareness, drinking water testing, and abatement in high-risk areas.

BACKGROUND Legacy brominated flame retardants have been recognized as risky factors leading to declined sperm quality. The widespread utilization of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) as a replacement for decabromodiphenyl ether has given rise to considerable concern over its potential risks to reproductive health. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to quickly determine whether DBDPE affects sperm quality

A state-of-the-science review probed whether biodiversity inside the body and in the environment were associated with certain immune responses.

BACKGROUND In environmental epidemiology, we use an array of tools from various, related disciplines to answer key questions about environmental exposures in relation to health outcomes. Typically, we ask questions related to what, who, where, when, and how. We value these questions because they contribute to novel scientific discovery and our understanding of disease etiology linked to environmental

BACKGROUND Environmental chemical exposures have been associated with metabolic outcomes, and typically, their binding to nuclear hormone receptors is considered the molecular initiating event (MIE) for a number of outcomes. However, more studies are needed to understand the influence of such exposures on cell membrane-bound adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs), which are critical metabolic regulators.

The integrated approach tackles a perfect storm of poverty, invasive rats, deforestation, and climate change that is contributing to the increase in bubonic plague cases.

BACKGROUND Planetary and human health are highly intertwined; our current food system is associated with high greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and burden of disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of diet-related GHGE with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Japan. METHODS This study included 58,031 Japanese adults (35,078 women and 22,953 men) 40-79 y of age

BACKGROUND Longitudinal trends in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) serum concentrations across pregnancy have not been thoroughly examined, despite evidence linking prenatal PFAS exposures with adverse birth outcomes. OBJECTIVES We sought to characterize longitudinal PFAS concentrations across pregnancy and to examine the maternal-fetal transfer ratio among participants in a study of risk

Gut microbes appeared to play a role in the obesity outcomes observed in mice fed manufactured polystyrene microspheres.

BACKGROUND Emerging literature suggests that fine particulate matter [with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5)] air pollution and its components are linked to various neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, few studies have evaluated how PM2.5 component mixtures from distinct sources relate to cognitive outcomes in children. OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study investigated how ambient concentrations

BACKGROUND Scientists who communicate societally relevant information face challenging contexts in which misinformation, disinformation, hype, and spin are prevalent. As a result, they often face difficult decisions about how to frame their work in a socially responsible manner. OBJECTIVES Drawing from the literature on science communication and framing, we identify tradeoffs that environmental health

Exposures to chemicals, including phthalates, triphenyl phosphate, and dibutyl phosphate, have been associated with increased levels of lipid markers, such as elevated low-density lipoprotein.

BACKGROUND Drinking water at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, was contaminated with trichloroethylene and other industrial solvents from 1953 to 1985. METHODS A cohort cancer incidence study was conducted of Marines/Navy personnel who began service and were stationed at Camp Lejeune (N=154,821) or Camp Pendleton, California (N=163,484) between 1975 and 1985 and civilian workers employed

BACKGROUND Inorganic arsenic in drinking water (wAs) is linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, risk is uncertain at lower levels present in US community water supplies (CWS), currently regulated at the federal maximum contaminant level of 10μg/L. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the relationship between long-term wAs exposure from CWS and cardiovascular disease in the California Teachers