BACKGROUND Chronic lung injury and dysregulated cellular homeostasis in response to particulate matter (PM) exposure are closely associated with adverse health effects. However, an effective intervention for preventing the adverse health effects has not been developed. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation on lung injury

BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a component of firefighting foams used at military installations. Although high PFAS exposures have been related to cancer risks among civilian populations, the effects for military personnel are unclear. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations between serum PFAS concentrations and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) among U.S. Air Force servicemen

BACKGROUND We have previously shown that chronic exposure of adult male mice to low doses of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) altered male sexual behavior and induced down-regulation of the androgen receptor (AR) in the neural circuitry controlling this behavior. OBJECTIVES The cellular mechanisms induced by chronic exposure of adult male mice to low doses of DEHP alone or in an environmental phthalate

BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment and have been shown to cause various adverse health impacts. In animals, sex- and species-specific differences in PFAS elimination half-lives have been linked to the activity of kidney transporters. However, PFAS molecular interactions with kidney transporters are still not fully understood. Moreover, the impact

BACKGROUND Seasonal temperature variability remains understudied and may be modified by climate change. Most temperature-mortality studies examine short-term exposures using time-series data. These studies are limited by regional adaptation, short-term mortality displacement, and an inability to observe longer-term relationships in temperature and mortality. Seasonal temperature and cohort analyses

BACKGROUND Growing evidence shows ultrafine particles (UFPs) are detrimental to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory health. Historically, racialized and low-income communities are exposed to higher concentrations of air pollution. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to conduct a descriptive analysis of present-day air pollution exposure disparities in the greater Seattle, Washington, area by income

BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) poses a significant global disease burden. The current evidence on the impact of air pollution on HF remains inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis to provide a more comprehensive and multiperspective assessment of the associations between short- and long-term air pollution exposure and HF from epidemiological

BACKGROUND Disaster events adversely affect the health of millions of individuals each year. They create exposure to physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards while simultaneously exploiting community and individual-level vulnerabilities that allow such exposures to exert harm. Since 2013, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) has led the development of the

BACKGROUND Funding agencies, publishers, and other stakeholders are pushing environmental health science investigators to improve data sharing; to promote the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) principles; and to increase the rigor and reproducibility of the data collected. Accomplishing these goals will require significant cultural shifts surrounding data management and strategies

BACKGROUND Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) originate from the excessive growth or bloom of cyanobacteria often referred to as blue-green algae. They have been on the rise globally in both marine and freshwaters in recently years with increasing frequency and severity owing to the rising temperature associated with climate change and increasing anthropogenic eutrophication from agricultural

BACKGROUND The extent to which ambient air pollution contributes to the pathogenesis of congenital heart defects remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether first trimester exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was associated with the risk of critical and noncritical heart defects in a large population-based cohort of births. METHODS We carried out

BACKGROUND Osteoclasts are major actors in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. The full functional maturation of osteoclasts from monocyte lineage cells is essential for the degradation of old/damaged bone matrix. Diuron is one of the most frequently encountered herbicides, particularly in water sources. However, despite a reported delayed ossification in vivo, its impact on bone cells remains largely

BACKGROUND We previously reported associations of prenatal exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides with poorer neurodevelopment in early childhood and at school age, including poorer cognitive function and more behavioral problems, in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS), a birth cohort study in an agriculture community. OBJECTIVE We investigated the

BACKGROUND Exposures to environmental contaminants can be influenced by social determinants of health. As a result, persons living in socially disadvantaged communities may experience disproportionate health risks from environmental exposures. Mixed methods research can be used to understand community-level and individual-level exposures to chemical and nonchemical stressors contributing to environmental

BACKGROUND Gestational per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure may be associated with adiposity and increased risk of obesity among children and adolescents. However, results from epidemiological studies evaluating these associations are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We estimated the associations of pregnancy PFAS concentrations with child body mass index (BMI) z-scores and risk of overweight/obesity

BACKGROUND Diminished/decreased ovarian reserve (DOR) is a disorder of ovarian function, which severely affects women's reproductive health. Accumulating evidence has found that adverse environmental factors can affect ovarian function. However, whether synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) exposure is associated with DOR is still unknown. OBJECTIVES We explored whether concentrations of SPAs and

BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental pollutants, including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), has been implicated in allergic diseases and intestinal microbiota homeostasis, but the environment-microbiota-immunity triangular relationship and to what extent BaP-induced remodeling of the gut microbiota contributes to intestinal allergic inflammation remain to be established. OBJECTIVES We investigated the impact

BACKGROUND Health agencies, including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization, recommend that heat-vulnerable older adults without home air-conditioning should visit cooling centers or other air-conditioned locations (e.g., a shopping mall) during heat waves. However, experimental evidence supporting the effectiveness of brief air-conditioning is lacking

BACKGROUND As atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations continue to rise, temperature and humidity will increase further, causing potentially dire increases in human heat stress. On physiological and biophysical grounds, exposure to higher levels of humidity should worsen heat stress by decreasing sweat evaporation. However, population-scale epidemiological studies of heat exposure and response often

BACKGROUND Air pollution is negatively associated with cardiovascular health. Impediments to efficient regulation include lack of knowledge about which sources of air pollution contributes most to health burden and few studies on effects of the potentially more potent ultrafine particles (UFP). OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to investigate myocardial infarction (MI) morbidity and specific types and sources

BACKGROUND Fibroids (hormonally responsive benign tumors) often undergo volume changes in pregnancy. Because per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) disrupt hormonal signaling, they might affect fibroid growth. We assessed associations between PFAS and fibroid changes in pregnancy. METHODS We analyzed seven PFAS, including perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)

BACKGROUND During the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster, response and cleanup workers were potentially exposed to toxic volatile components of crude oil. However, to our knowledge, no study has examined exposure to individual oil spill-related chemicals in relation to cardiovascular outcomes among oil spill workers. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to investigate the association of several spill-related

BACKGROUND Recent record-breaking hot temperatures in Alaska have raised concerns about the potential human health implications of heat exposure among this unacclimated population. OBJECTIVES We estimated cardiorespiratory morbidity associated with days above summer (June-August) heat index (HI, apparent temperature) thresholds in three major population centers (Anchorage, Fairbanks, and the Matanuska-Susitna

BACKGROUND Climate change is an important driver of the increased spread of dengue from tropical and subtropical regions to temperate areas around the world. Climate variables such as temperature and precipitation influence the dengue vector's biology, physiology, abundance, and life cycle. Thus, an analysis is needed of changes in climate change and their possible relationships with dengue incidence

BACKGROUND Communities who experience disproportionate environmental exposures and associated adverse health outcomes have long been aware of, and worked to draw attention to, the role of racism in shaping those risks. A growing number of researchers are focusing on racism as a fundamental driver of racial inequities in environmental health. Importantly, several research and funding institutions have

BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanistic basis of air pollution toxicity is dependent on accurately characterizing both exposure and biological responses. Untargeted metabolomics, an analysis of small-molecule metabolic phenotypes, may offer improved estimation of exposures and corresponding health responses to complex environmental mixtures such as air pollution. The field remains nascent, however

BACKGROUND The health effects of heat are well documented; however, limited information is available regarding the health risks of hot nights. Hot nights have become more common, increasing at a faster rate than hot days, making it urgent to understand the characteristics of the hot night risk. OBJECTIVES We estimated the effects of hot nights on the cause- and location-specific mortality in a nationwide

BACKGROUND The role of chronic exposure to ambient air pollutants in increasing COVID-19 fatality is still unclear. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and mortality among 4 million COVID-19 cases in Italy. METHODS We obtained individual records of all COVID-19 cases identified in Italy from February 2020 to June 2021. We assigned 2016-2019

BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution exposure has been associated with childhood asthma, but previous studies have primarily focused on prevalence of asthma and asthma-related outcomes and urban traffic-related exposures. OBJECTIVE We examined nationwide associations between pre- and postnatal exposure to ambient air pollution components and asthma incidence in children age 0-19 y. METHODS Asthma incidence

BACKGROUND Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been associated with increased risks of respiratory diseases, but the biological mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the respiratory responses and explore potential biological mechanisms of TRAP exposure in a randomized crossover trial. METHODS We conducted a randomized crossover trial in 56 healthy

BACKGROUND Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and blood lipid levels in humans were mixed. OBJECTIVES The objective of this meta-analysis was to summarize associations between PFAS and blood lipids in adults. METHODS A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science for articles published through 13 May 2022 that examined associations between PFAS and blood

BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been previously linked to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), but only a few legacy PFAS were examined. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore this association with a variety of PFAS, including legacy, branched-chain isomers, and emerging alternatives, as well as a PFAS mixture. METHODS From 2014 to 2016, we conducted a multicenter, hospital-based

BACKGROUND West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in humans in the United States. Since the introduction of the disease in 1999, incidence levels have stabilized in many regions, allowing for analysis of climate conditions that shape the spatial structure of disease incidence. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to identify the seasonal climate variables that influence the spatial

BACKGROUND Globally, household air pollution (HAP) is a major environmental hazard that affects respiratory health. However, few studies have examined associations between HAP and lung function decline and respiratory disease and mortality. METHODS We used data from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study and examined adults residing in 240 rural communities in 11 low- and middle-income

BACKGROUND Residential green space can have positive physiological effects on human health through various mechanisms, including reducing stress and/or depression or facilitating physical activity. Although green space has been consistently associated with improved birth outcomes in several studies, there has been limited study of its effect on other reproductive outcomes, including fertility. OBJECTIVE