BACKGROUND Classically, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been viewed as a single-gene (monogenic) disease caused by pathogenic variants in sarcomere genes. Pathogenic sarcomere variants are individually rare and convey high risk for developing HCM (highly penetrant). Recently, important polygenic contributions have also been characterized. Low penetrance sarcomere variants (LowSVs) at intermediate

BACKGROUND Severe malaria is associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)-dependent vasodilation, and reversal of this deficit improves survival in murine models. Malaria might have selected for genetic polymorphisms that increase endothelial NO signaling and now contribute to heterogeneity in vascular function among humans. One protein potentially selected for is alpha globin, which,

Section snippets Study designThis was a secondary analysis of the APACE (Advantageous Predictors of Acute Coronary Syndromes Evaluation; NCT00470587) study.7 For this analysis, we excluded patients with ST-segment elevation MI, patients in whom the diagnosis remained unclear even after final adjudication and had at least 1 elevated concentration of hs-cTnT/I, and patients with missing hs-cTnT or hs-cTnI

Section snippets Funding Support and Author DisclosuresThe author has reported that she has no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

Section snippets Digital Strategy and Data InfrastructureCurrent systems for data storage and analysis are siloed, limiting the potential for AI to function efficiently across data networks. Without interoperable data systems, even the most advanced AI tools will struggle to deliver real impact. We need a unified data strategy—how we manage, integrate, and safeguard data across platforms—focused on

Section snippets Data sourcesThe study included all Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥66 years who underwent femoropopliteal revascularization by International Classification of Diseases–10th Revision codes between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2023. Patient comorbidities were identified using the Chronic Conditions Warehouse data, and procedural data were identified using claims codes

Although factor Xa inhibitors reduce intracranial hemorrhage vs vitamin K antagonists in atrial fibrillation (AF),1 concerns regarding nonintracranial bleeding have led to the development of factor XI/XIa inhibitors, which offer the promise of uncoupling pathologic thrombosis from normal hemostasis. Although phase 2 and 3 studies support the safety of factor XI/XIa inhibition in a variety of settings

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Section snippets Overview of DHT RegulationDHTs that meet the definition of a medical device are regulated by the FDA, which applies regulatory controls and marketing pathways based on the intended use and potential risk of the device (Figure 1). Devices are classified from Class 1 with the lowest risk (eg, a toothbrush, Digital Visual Acuity Test), Class 2 with intermediate risk (eg, CGMs, WellDoc’s

BACKGROUND TCF21 (transcription factor 21) is a bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) protein required for the developmental specification of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) from epicardial progenitor cells that surround the embryonic heart. In the adult heart, TCF21 is expressed in tissue-resident fibroblasts and is downregulated in response to injury or stimuli leading to myofibroblast differentiation. These findings

BACKGROUND Myofibroblasts are primary cells involved in chronic response-induced cardiac fibrosis. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a relatively specific marker of activated myofibroblasts and a potential target molecule. This study aimed to clarify whether a vaccine targeting FAP could eliminate myofibroblasts in chronic cardiac stress model mice and reduce cardiac fibrosis. METHODS We coadministered

BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is strongly associated with inflammation. In pressure overload (PO)-induced HF, cardiac stress triggers adaptive immunity, ablation, or inhibition, which blocks disease progression. We hypothesized that PO-HF might fulfill the often-used criteria of autoimmunity: if so, the associated adaptive immune response would be not only necessary but also sufficient to induce HF;

BACKGROUND Maintaining a well-developed vascular system alongside adipose tissue (AT) expansion significantly reduces the risk of metabolic complications. Although GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta) is known for its role in various cellular processes, its specific functions in AT and regulation of body homeostasis have not been reported. METHODS GSK3β-floxed and GSK3α-floxed mice were crossed

ImportanceTransthyretin tetramer destabilization is the rate-limiting step in the development of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis, an underrecognized contributor to mortality in older adults.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that transthyretin tetramer destabilization is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study

Section snippets Major Bleeding and Mortality After Revascularization of Left Main Disease 2335Gennaro Giustino, Joseph F. Sabik III, Patrick W. Serruys, John D. Puskas, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, David E. Kandzari, Marie-Claude Morice, Michael Ragosta III, Zixuan Zhang, Ovidiu Dressler, Bjorn Redfors, Ori Ben-Yehuda, Samin K. Sharma, Arie Pieter Kappetein, Gregg W. StoneThe authors evaluated the incidence

Recent advances have given rise to a spectrum of digital health technologies that have the potential to revolutionize the design and conduct of cardiovascular clinical trials. Advances in domain tasks such as automated diagnosis and classification, synthesis of high-volume data and latent data from adjacent modalities, patient discovery, telemedicine, remote monitoring, augmented reality, and in silico

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Thompson A, Fleischmann KE, Smilowitz NR, de las Fuentes L, Mukherjee D, Aggarwal NR, Ahmad FS, Allen RB, Altin SE, Auerbach A, Berger JS, Chow B, Dakik HA, Eisenstein EL, Gerhard-Herman M, Ghadimi K, Kachulis B, Leclerc J, Lee CS, Macaulay TE, Mates G, Merli GJ, Parwani P, Poole JE, Rich MW, Ruetzler K, Stain SC, Sweitzer B, Talbot AW, Vallabhajosyula S, Whittle J, Williams KA Sr.

Breast cancer, the most prevalent cancer affecting women worldwide, poses a significant cardio-oncological burden. Despite advancements in novel therapeutic strategies, anthracyclines, HER2 antagonists, and radiation remain the cornerstones of oncological treatment. However, each carries a risk of cardiotoxicity, though the molecular mechanisms underlying these adverse effects differ. Common mechanisms

Conventional forms of noninvasive cardiovascular imaging that evaluate morphology, function, flow, and metabolism play a vital role in individual treatment decisions, often based on guidelines. Innovations in molecular imaging have enhanced our ability to spatially quantify the expression of a wider array of disease-related proteins, genes, or cell types, or the activity of specific pathogenic pathways

AimsDiuretic resistance (DR) in heart failure (HF) is associated with worse outcomes. Furoscix®, a self‐administered subcutaneous (sc) furosemide injection administered via on‐body infusor, is approved for HF congestion relief. However, its efficacy in patients with DR post‐HF hospitalization remains unknown.Methods and resultsIn this open‐label pilot randomized controlled trial, 70 participants were

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) provides promising age prediction methods. This study investigated whether the discrepancy between ECG-derived AI-predicted age (AI-ECG age) and chronological age, termed electrocardiographic aging (ECG aging), is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) risk. METHODS An AI-ECG age prediction model was developed

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Background and Aims Almost 30% of survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) develop heart failure (HF), in part due to damage caused by the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Organelle quality control through Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is known to play a role in mediating protection against HF damage post-ischaemic injury and remodelling of the subsequent deteriorated

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The long-term outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vs. coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and multivessel disease remain debated. METHODS The Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry was

BACKGROUND Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel regulator 2A (CRACR2A) has been linked to immunodeficiency attributable to T-cell dysfunction in humans. We discovered that neutrophil CRACR2A promotes neutrophil adhesive and migratory functions by facilitating Ca2+ mobilization and β2 integrin activation. METHODS Myeloid-specific cracr2a conditional knockout mice and intravital microscopy were used to

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BACKGROUNDS Social interaction with others is essential to life. Although social isolation and loneliness have been implicated as increased risks of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which social connection maintains cardiometabolic and cardiovascular health remain largely unresolved. METHODS To investigate how social connection