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Peripheral nerve injury associated with JEV infection in high endemic regions, 2016–2020: a multicenter retrospective study in China Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Guowei Wang, Lianmei Zhong, Manxia Wang, Juan Zhou, Shuting Liu, Wang Miao, Leilei Li, Yonghong Liu, Shougang Guo, Haining Li, Xiaoming Wang, Liuqing Xie, Min Xie, Shihong Fu, Tingting Xuan, Fan Li, Tingting Yang, Lufei Shao, Mingfang Shi, Xiaocong Li, Xiaoling Li, Li Gao, Shaopeng Zhai, Jia Ding, Tianhong Wang, Dayong Liu, Guosheng Ma, Jiang Wu, Dongjun Wan, Junlin Guo, Xinbo Zhang, Jinxia Wu, Yinxu
Previously, we reported a cohort of Japanese encephalitis (JE) patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. However, the evidence linking Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection and peripheral nerve ...
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Autochthonous Plasmodium vivax Infections, Florida, USA, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Azhar Muneer, Swamy R. Adapa, Suzane Silbert, Kelly Scanlan, Harold Vore, Andrew Cannons, Andrea M. Morrison, Danielle Stanek, Carina Blackmore, John H. Adams, Kami Kim, Rays H.Y. Jiang, Liwang Cui
During May–July 2023, a cluster of 7 patients at local hospitals in Florida, USA, received a diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Whole-genome sequencing of the organism from 4 patients and phylogenetic analysis with worldwide representative P. vivax genomes indicated probable single parasite introduction from Central/South America.
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Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies: new tools for malaria control Clin. Microbiol. Rev. (IF 36.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Kazutoyo MiuraYevel Flores-GarciaCarole A. LongFidel Zavala1Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA2Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Malaria Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Louisa A. Messenger, Gordon A.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
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Subnational Projections of Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Targets in Ethiopia to Support National Level Policy Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Joaquin M Prada, Panayiota Touloupou, Biruck Kebede, Emanuelle Giorgi, Heven Sime, Morgan Smith, Periklis Kontoroupis, Paul Brown, Jorge Cano, Hajnal Farkas, Mike Irvine, Lisa Reimer, Rocio Caja Rivera, Sake J de Vlas, Edwin Michael, Wilma A Stolk, Rachel Pulan, Simon E F Spencer, T Déirdre Hollingsworth, Fikre Seife
Background Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a debilitating, poverty-promoting, neglected tropical disease (NTD) targeted for worldwide elimination as a public health problem (EPHP) by 2030. Evaluating progress towards this target for national programmes is challenging, due to differences in disease transmission and interventions at the subnational level. Mathematical models can help address these challenges
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How Does the Proportion of Never Treatment Influence the Success of Mass Drug Administration Programs for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis? Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Klodeta Kura, Wilma A Stolk, Maria-Gloria Basáñez, Benjamin S Collyer, Sake J de Vlas, Peter J Diggle, Katherine Gass, Matthew Graham, T Déirdre Hollingsworth, Jonathan D King, Alison Krentel, Roy M Anderson, Luc E Coffeng
Background Mass drug administration (MDA) is the cornerstone for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF). The proportion of the population that is never treated (NT) is a crucial determinant of whether this goal is achieved within reasonable time frames. Methods Using 2 individual-based stochastic LF transmission models, we assess the maximum permissible level of NT for which the 1% microfilaremia
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Using Passive Surveillance to Maintain Elimination as a Public Health Problem for Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Model-Based Exploration Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Amanda Minter, Graham F Medley, T Déirdre Hollingsworth
Background Great progress is being made toward the goal of elimination as a public health problem for neglected tropical diseases such as leprosy, human African trypanosomiasis, Buruli ulcer, and visceral leishmaniasis, which relies on intensified disease management and case finding. However, strategies for maintaining this goal are still under discussion. Passive surveillance is a core pillar of a
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How Does Treatment Coverage and Proportion Never Treated Influence the Success of Schistosoma mansoni Elimination as a Public Health Problem by 2030? Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Klodeta Kura, Nyamai Mutono, Maria-Gloria Basáñez, Benjamin S Collyer, Luc E Coffeng, S M Thumbi, Roy M Anderson
Background The 2030 target for schistosomiasis is elimination as a public health problem (EPHP), achieved when the prevalence of heavy-intensity infection among school-aged children (SAC) reduces to <1%. To achieve this, the new World Health Organization guidelines recommend a broader target of population to include pre-SAC and adults. However, the probability of achieving EPHP should be expected to
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New Tools and Nuanced Interventions to Accelerate Achievement of the 2030 Roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Andreia Vasconcelos, Cláudio Nunes-Alves, T Déirdre Hollingsworth
The World Health Organization roadmap for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) sets out ambitious targets for disease control and elimination by 2030, including 90% fewer people requiring interventions against NTDs and the elimination of at least 1 NTD in 100 countries. Mathematical models are an important tool for understanding NTD dynamics, optimizing interventions, assessing the efficacy of new tools
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A Comparison of Markov and Mechanistic Models for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Prevalence Projections in the Context of Survey Design Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Max T Eyre, Caroline A Bulstra, Olatunji Johnson, Sake J de Vlas, Peter J Diggle, Claudio Fronterrè, Luc E Coffeng
Globally, there are over 1 billion people infected with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), mostly living in marginalized settings with inadequate sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. The World Health Organization recommends an integrated approach to STH morbidity control through improved access to sanitation and hygiene education and the delivery of preventive chemotherapy (PC) to school-age
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An Ensemble Framework for Projecting the Impact of Lymphatic Filariasis Interventions Across Sub-Saharan Africa at a Fine Spatial Scale Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Panayiota Touloupou, Claudio Fronterre, Jorge Cano, Joaquin M Prada, Morgan Smith, Periklis Kontoroupis, Paul Brown, Rocio Caja Rivera, Sake J de Vlas, Sharmini Gunawardena, Michael A Irvine, Sammy M Njenga, Lisa Reimer, Fikre Seife, Swarnali Sharma, Edwin Michael, Wilma A Stolk, Rachel Pulan, Simon E F Spencer, T Déirdre Hollingsworth
Background Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination as a public health problem by 2030. Although mass treatments have led to huge reductions in LF prevalence, some countries or regions may find it difficult to achieve elimination by 2030 owing to various factors, including local differences in transmission. Subnational projections of intervention impact are
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The Hidden Hand of Asymptomatic Infection Hinders Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Modeling Analysis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Kat S Rock, Lloyd A C Chapman, Andrew P Dobson, Emily R Adams, T Déirdre Hollingsworth
Background Neglected tropical diseases are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in low-income populations. International efforts have reduced their global burden, but transmission is persistent and case-finding-based interventions rarely target asymptomatic individuals. Methods We develop a generic mathematical modeling framework for analyzing the dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis
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Predictive Value of Microfilariae-Based Stop-MDA Thresholds After Triple Drug Therapy With IDA Against Lymphatic Filariasis in Treatment-Naive Indian Settings Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Ananthu James, Luc E Coffeng, David J Blok, Jonathan D King, Sake J de Vlas, Wilma A Stolk
Mass drug administration (MDA) of antifilarial drugs is the main strategy for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF). Recent clinical trials indicated that the triple-drug therapy with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole (IDA) is much more effective against LF than the widely used two-drug combinations (albendazole plus either ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine). For IDA-based MDA,
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Improving the Cost-efficiency of Preventive Chemotherapy: Impact of New Diagnostics on Stopping Decisions for Control of Schistosomiasis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Luc E Coffeng, Matthew Graham, Raiha Browning, Klodeta Kura, Peter J Diggle, Matthew Denwood, Graham F Medley, Roy M Anderson, Sake J de Vlas
Background Control of schistosomiasis (SCH) relies on the regular distribution of preventive chemotherapy (PC) over many years. For the sake of sustainable SCH control, a decision must be made at some stage to scale down or stop PC. These “stopping decisions” are based on population surveys that assess whether infection levels are sufficiently low. However, the limited sensitivity of the currently
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District-Level Forecast of Achieving Trachoma Elimination as a Public Health Problem By 2030: An Ensemble Modelling Approach Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Ariktha Srivathsan, Amza Abdou, Tawfik Al-Khatib, Sue-Chen Apadinuwe, Mouctar D Badiane, Victor Bucumi, Tina Chisenga, George Kabona, Martin Kabore, Sarjo Kebba Kanyi, Lucienne Bella, Nekoua M’po, Michael Masika, Abdellahi Minnih, Henis Mior Sitoe, Sailesh Mishra, Nicholas Olobio, Fatma Juma Omar, Isaac Phiri, Salimato Sanha, Fikre Seife, Shekhar Sharma, Rabebe Tekeraoi, Lamine Traore, Titus Watitu
Assessing the feasibility of 2030 as a target date for global elimination of trachoma, and identification of districts that may require enhanced treatment to meet World Health Organization (WHO) elimination criteria by this date are key challenges in operational planning for trachoma programmes. Here we address these challenges by prospectively evaluating forecasting models of trachomatous inflammation–follicular
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An Updated Economic Assessment of Moxidectin Treatment Strategies for Onchocerciasis Elimination Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Hugo C Turner, Klodeta Kura, Barbara Roth, Annette C Kuesel, Sally Kinrade, Maria-Gloria Basáñez
Background Concerns that annual mass administration of ivermectin, the predominant strategy for onchocerciasis control and elimination, may not lead to elimination of parasite transmission (EoT) in all endemic areas have increased interest in alternative treatment strategies. One such strategy is moxidectin. We performed an updated economic assessment of moxidectin- relative to ivermectin-based strategies
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Accelerating Progress Towards the 2030 Neglected Tropical Diseases Targets: How Can Quantitative Modeling Support Programmatic Decisions? Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Andreia Vasconcelos, Jonathan D King, Cláudio Nunes-Alves, Roy Anderson, Daniel Argaw, Maria-Gloria Basáñez, Shakir Bilal, David J Blok, Seth Blumberg, Anna Borlase, Oliver J Brady, Raiha Browning, Nakul Chitnis, Luc E Coffeng, Emily H Crowley, Zulma M Cucunubá, Derek A T Cummings, Christopher Neil Davis, Emma Louise Davis, Matthew Dixon, Andrew Dobson, Louise Dyson, Michael French, Claudio Fronterre
Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in the control, elimination, and eradication of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Despite these advances, most NTD programs have recently experienced important setbacks; for example, NTD interventions were some of the most frequently and severely impacted by service disruptions due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Mathematical
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Reducing the Antigen Prevalence Target Threshold for Stopping and Restarting Mass Drug Administration for Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination: A Model-Based Cost-effectiveness Simulation in Tanzania, India and Haiti Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Mary Chriselda Antony Oliver, Matthew Graham, Katherine M Gass, Graham F Medley, Jessica Clark, Emma L Davis, Lisa J Reimer, Jonathan D King, Koen B Pouwels, T Déirdre Hollingsworth
Background The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) aims to reduce and maintain infection levels through mass drug administration (MDA), but there is evidence of ongoing transmission after MDA in areas where Culex mosquitoes are the main transmission vector, suggesting that a more stringent criterion is required for MDA decision making in these settings. Methods We use a transmission
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A novel risk-adjusted metric to compare hospitals on their antibiotic-prescribing at hospital discharge Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Daniel J Livorsi, James A Merchant, Hyunkeun Cho, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Bruce Alexander, Brice Beck, Michihiko Goto
Background Antibiotic overuse at hospital discharge is common, but there is no metric to evaluate hospital performance at this transition of care. We built a risk-adjusted metric for comparing hospitals on their overall post-discharge antibiotic use. Methods This was a retrospective study across all acute-care admissions within the Veterans Health Administration during 2018-2021. For patients discharged
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Make modern microbiology matter more in the 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Karl Oldberg, Magnus Rasmussen
The ESC 2023 guidelines for the management of endocarditis stress that a multidisciplinary approach is needed to manage patients with infective endocarditis (IE). In our view the guidelines do not include the relevant perspectives from modern microbiology. The diagnostic criteria for IE were changed in the ESC 2023 guidelines and many IE-causing pathogens are either not clearly defined or not even
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Fostering Collaborative Teamwork—A Comprehensive Approach to Vascular Graft Infection Following Arterial Reconstructive Surgery Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Hussam Tabaja, Supavit Chesdachai, Aditya S Shah, Ryan W Stevens, Randall R DeMartino, Young M Erben, Walter R Wilson, Larry M Baddour, Daniel C DeSimone
Vascular graft infection (VGI) is one of the most serious complications following arterial reconstructive surgery. VGI has received increasing attention over the past decade, but many questions remain regarding its diagnosis and management. In this review, we describe our approach to VGI through multidisciplinary collaboration and discuss decision making for challenging presentations. This review will
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What Contributes to the MIC? Beyond β-Lactamase Gene Detection in Klebsiella pneumoniae J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Alyssa K W Maclean, Stacey Morrow, Fang Niu, Nancy D Hanson
Background K. pneumoniae is capable of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics through expression of β-lactamases (both chromosomal and plasmid-encoded) and downregulation of outer membrane porins. However, the extent to which these mechanisms interplay in a resistant phenotype is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which β-lactamases and outer membrane porins affected
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A Phase 1 Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Tenofovir Alafenamide/Elvitegravir Insert Administered Rectally for HIV Prevention J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Sharon A Riddler, Clifton W Kelly, Craig J Hoesley, Ken S Ho, Jeanna M Piper, Stacey Edick, Faye Heard, Gustavo F Doncel, Sherri Johnson, Peter L Anderson, Rhonda M Brand, Ratiya Pamela Kunjara Na Ayudhya, José A Bauermeister, Sharon L Hillier, Craig W Hendrix
Background On-demand topical products could be an important tool for HIV prevention. We evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and ex vivo pharmacodynamics of a tenofovir alafenamide/elvitegravir (TAF/EVG; 16 mg/20 mg) insert administered rectally. Methods MTN-039 was a Phase 1, open-label, single-arm, 2-dose study. Blood, rectal fluid (RF), and rectal tissue (RT) were collected over 72 hours (hr)
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The growing threat of NDM-producing E. coli with penicillin-binding protein 3 mutations in the United States – is there a potential role for durlobactam? Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Samuel L Aitken, Virginia M Pierce, Jason M Pogue, Ellen G Kline, Frank P Tverdek, Ryan K Shields
We report identification of 5 patients with infections caused by NDM-5-producing E. coli harboring PBP3 mutations that showed reduced susceptibility to aztreonam-avibactam and cefiderocol. Durlobactam, a novel diazabicyclooctane β-lactamase inhibitor, demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2 µg/mL supporting future investigations into a potential role in clinical management
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Undernourished Household Contacts Are at Increased Risk of Tuberculosis (TB) Disease, but not TB Infection— a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Analysis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Pranay Sinha, Komala Ezhumalai, Xinyi Du, Chinnaiyan Ponnuraja, Madolyn Rose Dauphinais, Nikhil Gupte, Sonali Sarkar, Amita Gupta, Sanjay Gaikwad, Balamugesh Thangakunam, Mandar Paradkar, Devasahayam J Christopher, Vidya Mave, Vijay Viswanathan, Jerrold J Ellner, Hardy Kornfeld, C R Horsburgh, Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini, Akshay Gupte
Undernutrition is the leading risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) globally and in India. This multicenter prospective cohort analysis from India suggests that undernutrition is associated with increased risk of TB disease but not TB infection among household contacts of persons with TB.
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Investigation of genomic and pathogenicity characteristics of Streptococcus suis ST1 human strains from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GX) between 2005 and 2020 in China Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-21 Weiming Kang, Mingliu Wang, Xueli Yi, Jianping Wang, Xiyan Zhang, Zongfu Wu, Yan Wang, Hui Sun, Marcelo Gottschalk, Han Zheng, Jianguo Xu
Streptococcus suis is a significant and emerging zoonotic pathogen. ST1 and ST7 strains are the primary agents responsible for S. suis human infections in China, including the Guangxi Zhuang Autono...
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Invasive pneumococcal diseases in Chinese children: a multicenter hospital based active surveillance from 2019-2021 Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Xue Ning, Lianmei Li, Jing Liu, Fang Wang, Kun Tan, Wenhui Li, Kai Zhou, Shujun Jing, Aiwei Lin, Jing Bi, Shiyong Zhao, Huiling Deng, Chunhui Zhu, Shanshan Lv, Juan Li, Jun Liang, Qing Zhao, Yumin Wang, Biquan Chen, Liang Zhu, Guowu Shen, Jianlong Liu, Zhi Li, Jikui Deng, Xin Zhao, Mingfeng Shan, Yi Wang, Shihua Liu, Tingting Jiang, Xuexia Chen, Yufeng Zhang, Sha Cai, Lixue Wang, Xudong Lu, Jinghui
This study aimed to provide data for the clinical features of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and the molecular characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from pediatric patients in C...
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Otitis in patients with Community-Acquired Bacterial Meningitis: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Martina Ranzenigo, Thijs M van Soest, Erik F Hensen, Paola Cinque, Antonella Castagna, Matthijs C Brouwer, Diederik van de Beek
Background Otitis is commonly associated with community-acquired bacterial meningitis but role of ear surgery as treatment is debated. In this study, we investigated the impact of otitis and ear surgery on outcome of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Methods We analyzed episodes of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis from a nationwide prospective cohort study in the
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An HIV-1 risk assessment tool for women aged 15-49 in African countries: A pooled analysis across 15 nationally representative surveys Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Nora E Rosenberg, Bonnie E Shook-Sa, Amber M Young, Yating Zou, Lynda Stranix-Chibanda, Marcel Yotebieng, Nadia A Sam-Agudu, Sam J Phiri, Wilbroad Mutale, Linda-Gail Bekker, Manhattan E Charurat, Sizulu Moyo, Khangelani Zuma, Jessica Justman, Michael G Hudgens, Benjamin H Chi
Background Women in Africa disproportionately acquire HIV-1. Understanding which women are most likely to acquire HIV-1 can guide focused prevention with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Our objective is to identify women at highest risk of HIV-1 and estimate PrEP efficiency at different sensitivity levels. Methods Nationally representative data were collected from 2015-2019 from 15 population-based
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Lower specificity of the ESC2023 diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis when spondylodiscitis is regarded as a vascular phenomenon Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Torgny Sunnerhagen, Magnus Rasmussen
The ESC diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis (IE) added spondylodiscitis as minor diagnostic criterion. Of patients with Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcal or Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia, 11 of 1807 episodes were reclassified to definite IE of which nine were not treated as IE. Spondylodiscitis as a minor criterion decreases specificity of the criteria.
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Changes in the Appropriateness of US Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis of 2016–2021 Data Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Kao-Ping Chua, Michael A Fischer, Moshiur Rahman, Jeffrey A Linder
Background No national study has evaluated changes in the appropriateness of US outpatient antibiotic prescribing across all conditions and age groups after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in March 2020. Methods This was an interrupted time series analysis of Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database, a national commercial and Medicare Advantage claims database. Analyses
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Transmission of blaNDM in Enterobacteriaceae among animals, food and human Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Bo Fu, Jian Xu, Dandan Yin, Chengtao Sun, Dejun Liu, Weishuai Zhai, Rina Bai, Yue Cao, Qin Zhang, Shizhen Ma, Timothy R. Walsh, Fupin Hu, Yang Wang, Congming Wu, Jianzhong Shen
Despite carbapenems not being used in animals, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), particularly New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing CRE (NDM-CRE), are prevalent in livestock. Concurren...
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Rodent control strategies and Lassa virus: some unexpected effects in Guinea, West Africa Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Joachim Mariën, Mickaël Sage, Umaru Bangura, Alicia Lamé, Michel Koropogui, Toni Rieger, Barré Soropogui, Moussa Douno, N’Faly Magassouba, Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet
The Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) is the host of Lassa mammarenavirus, causing Lassa haemorrhagic fever in West Africa. As there is currently no operational vaccine and therapeutic...
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Small regulatory RNA RSaX28 promotes virulence by reinforcing the stability of RNAIII in community-associated ST398 clonotype Staphylococcus aureus Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Ying Jian, Tianchi Chen, Ziyu Yang, Guoxiu Xiang, Kai Xu, Yanan Wang, Na Zhao, Lei He, Qian Liu, Min Li
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a notorious pathogen that cause metastatic or complicated infections. Hypervirulent ST398 clonotype strains, remarkably increased in recent years, dominated Com...
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Safety and Immunogenicity of Accelerated Heterologous Two-dose Ebola Vaccine Regimens in Adults With and Without HIV in Africa Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-21 Betty Mwesigwa, Fredrick Sawe, Janet Oyieko, Joel Mwakisisile, Edna Viegas, Gideon Akindiran Akintunde, Josphat Kosgei, Afoke Kokogho, Nyanda Ntinginya, Ilesh Jani, Georgi Shukarev, Jay W Hooper, Steven A Kwilas, Lucy A Ward, Janice Rusnak, Callie Bounds, Rachel Overman, Christopher S Badorrek, Leigh Anne Eller, Michael A Eller, Christina S Polyak, Amber Moodley, Chi L Tran, Margaret C Costanzo, David
Background Shorter prophylactic vaccine schedules may offer more rapid protection against Ebola in resource-limited settings. Methods This randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial conducted in five sub-Saharan African countries included people without HIV (PWOH, n = 249) and people living with HIV (PLWH, n = 250). Adult participants received one of two accelerated Ebola vaccine
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Antibody titers and the risk of infection during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron phase in Bizen City, Japan J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-21 Tomoka Kadowaki, Ayako Sasaki, Naomi Matsumoto, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Hideharu Hagiya, Soshi Takao, Takashi Yorifuji
Background Understanding the association between the immune response and the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has implications for forthcoming prevention strategies. We evaluated the association between antibody titers and the risk of infection for the general population during the Omicron-dominant phase. Methods This was a prospective cohort study of residents
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Evolution and Antigenic Differentiation of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus, China Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Yang Liu, Yuhua Chen, Zhiyi Yang, Yaozhong Lin, Siyuan Fu, Junhong Chen, Lingyu Xu, Tengfei Liu, Beibei Niu, Qiuhong Huang, Haixia Liu, Chaofeng Zheng, Ming Liao, Weixin Jia
We characterized the evolution and molecular characteristics of avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses isolated in China during 2021–2023. We systematically analyzed the 10-year evolution of the hemagglutinin gene to determine the evolutionary branch. Our results showed recent antigenic drift, providing crucial clues for updating the H7N9 vaccine and disease prevention and control.
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians—Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Prevention Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Maria G. Frank, Gretchen Weaver, Vanessa Raabe
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tickborne infection that can range from asymptomatic to fatal and has been described in >30 countries. Early identification and isolation of patients with suspected or confirmed CCHF and the use of appropriate prevention and control measures are essential for preventing human-to-human transmission. Here, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, clinical
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Long-term risk of serious infections and mortality among patients surviving drug use-associated infective endocarditis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Mary C Figgatt, David L Rosen, Vivian H Chu, Li-Tzy Wu, Asher J Schranz
Among a statewide cohort of 1,874 patients surviving hospitalization for drug use-associated endocarditis during 2017-2020, the 3-year risk of death or future hospitalization was 38% (16% for death prior to later infection, 14% for recurrent endocarditis, 14% for soft-tissue, 9% for bacteremia, 5% for bone/joint, and 4% for spinal infections).
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Clonal hematopoiesis in patients with HIV and cancer J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Nancy Gillis, Brittney L Dickey, Christelle Colin-Leitzinger, Yi-Han Tang, Ryan M Putney, Tania E Mesa, Sean J Yoder, Gita Suneja, Adam M Spivak, Ami B Patel, Martine Extermann, Anna R Giuliano, Mingxiang Teng, Jacob Kresovich, Anders Berglund, Anna E Coghill
Background Cancer-related deaths for people living with HIV (PWH) are increasing due to longer life expectancies and disparately poor cancer-related outcomes. We hypothesize that advanced biological aging contributes to cancer-related morbidity and mortality for PWH and cancer. We sought to determine the impact of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) on cancer disparities in PWH. Methods We conducted a retrospective
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Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus affect mitochondrial function through different metabolic pathways, explaining virus-specific clinical features of chronic hepatitis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Sakthi Priya Selvamani, Anis Khan, Enoch S E Tay, Matthew Garvey, Harout Ajoyan, Eve Diefenbach, Brian S Gloss, Thomas Tu, Jacob George, Mark W Douglas
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) cause chronic hepatitis with important clinical differences. HCV causes hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, while HBV confers increased risk of liver cancer. We hypothesised these differences may be due to virus-specific effects on mitochondrial function. Methods Seahorse technology was utilised to investigate effects of virus infection
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians—Diagnosis, Clinical Management, and Therapeutics Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Maria G. Frank, Gretchen Weaver, Vanessa Raabe
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the most geographically widespread tickborne viral infection worldwide and has a fatality rate of up to 62%. Despite its widespread range and high fatality rate, no vaccines or treatments are currently approved by regulatory agencies in the United States or Europe. Supportive treatment remains the standard of care, but the use of antiviral medications
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Recent development and fighting strategies for lincosamide antibiotic resistance Clin. Microbiol. Rev. (IF 36.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Yingying YangShiyu XieFangjing HeYindi XuZhifang WangAwais IhsanXu Wang1National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China2MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China3MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
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Assessment for Antibodies to Rifapentine and Isoniazid in Persons Developing Flu-like Reactions During Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Ruth N Moro, Carolina Mehaffy, Prithwiraj De, Elizabeth Phillips, Andrey S Borisov, Timothy R Sterling, Karen M Dobos
Background Flu-like reactions can occur after exposure to rifampin, rifapentine, or isoniazid. Prior studies have reported the presence of antibodies to rifampin, but associations with underlying pathogenesis are unclear. Methods We evaluated PREVENT TB study participants who received weekly isoniazid + rifapentine for 3 months (3HP) or daily isoniazid for 9 months (9H) as treatment for M. tuberculosis
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Chlamydia trachomatis seroassays used in epidemiologic research: a narrative review and practical considerations J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Mary Bridget Waters, Kevin Hybiske, Ren Ikeda, Bernhard Kaltenboeck, Lisa E Manhart, Kristen M Kreisel, Christine M Khosropour
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a sexually transmitted infection that can lead to adverse reproductive health outcomes. CT prevalence estimates are primarily derived from screening using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). However, screening guidelines in the United States only include particular subpopulations, and NAATs only detect current infections. In contrast, seroassays identify past CT
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Detection and phylogenetic analysis of contemporary H14N2 Avian influenza A virus in domestic ducks in Southeast Asia (Cambodia) Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Jurre Y. Siegers, Michelle Wille, Sokhoun Yann, Songha Tok, Sarath Sin, Sokha Chea, Alice Porco, Sreyem Sours, Vutha Chim, Samban Chea, Kimtuo Chhel, Sothyra Tum, San Sorn, Makara Hak, Peter Thielen, Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran, Erik A. Karlsson
Avian influenza virus (AIV) in Asia is a complex system with numerous subtypes and a highly porous wild birds-poultry interface. Certain AIV subtypes, such as H14, are underrepresented in current s...
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Seasonal Patterns of Mpox Index Cases, Africa, 1970–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Camille Besombes, Festus Mbrenga, Ella Gonofio, Christian Malaka, Cedric-Stephane Bationo, Jean Gaudart, Manon Curaudeau, Alexandre Hassanin, Antoine Gessain, Romain Duda, Tamara Giles Vernick, Arnaud Fontanet, Emmanuel Nakouné, Jordi Landier
Across 133 confirmed mpox zoonotic index cases reported during 1970–2021 in Africa, cases occurred year-round near the equator, where climate is consistent. However, in tropical regions of the northern hemisphere under a dry/wet season cycle, cases occurred seasonally. Our findings further support the seasonality of mpox zoonotic transmission risk.
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Recurrence, Microevolution, and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Legionella pneumophila Sequence Type 1905, Portugal, 2014–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Vera Manageiro, Vítor Borges, Raquel Rodrigues, Célia Bettencourt, Cecília Silva, João Paulo Gomes, Paulo Gonçalves
We investigated molecular evolution and spatiotemporal dynamics of atypical Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 sequence type 1905 and determined its long-term persistence and linkage to human disease in dispersed locations, far beyond the large 2014 outbreak epicenter in Portugal. Our finding highlights the need for public health interventions to prevent further disease spread.
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Interventional Study of Nonpharmaceutical Measures to Prevent COVID-19 Aboard Cruise Ships Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Varvara A. Mouchtouri, Leonidas Kourentis, Lemonia Anagnostopoulos, Michalis Koureas, Maria Kyritsi, Katerina Maria Kontouli, Fani Kalala, Mattheos Speletas, Christos Hadjichristodoulou
Cruise ships carrying COVID-19–vaccinated populations applied near-identical nonpharmaceutical measures during July–November 2021; passenger masking was not applied on 2 ships. Infection risk for masked passengers was 14.58 times lower than for unmasked passengers and 19.61 times lower than in the community. Unmasked passengers’ risk was slightly lower than community risk.
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Antigenic Characterization of Novel Human Norovirus GII.4 Variants San Francisco 2017 and Hong Kong 2019 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Kentaro Tohma, Michael Landivar, Lauren A. Ford-Siltz, Kelsey A. Pilewski, Joseph A. Kendra, Sandra Niendorf, Gabriel I. Parra
Norovirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis; GII.4 is the predominant strain in humans. Recently, 2 new GII.4 variants, Hong Kong 2019 and San Francisco 2017, were reported. Characterization using GII.4 monoclonal antibodies and serum demonstrated different antigenic profiles for the new variants compared with historical variants.
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Tenofovir-Diphosphate and Emtricitabine-Triphosphate Adherence Benchmarks in Dried Blood Spots for Persons with HIV Receiving Tenofovir Alafenamide and Emtricitabine-based Antiretroviral Therapy (QUANTI-TAF) Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Ryan P Coyle, Mary Morrow, Sarah C Mann, Vincent Mainella, Samuel L Ellis, Stefanie Schwab, Corwin Coppinger, Nicholas Barker, Lucas Ellison, Jia-Hua Zheng, Subhi Al Zuabi, Pamela E Alpert, Tony C Carnes, D Eric Buffkin, Peter R Chai, Lane R Bushman, Jennifer J Kiser, Samantha MaWhinney, Kristina M Brooks, Peter L Anderson, Jose R Castillo-Mancilla
Background QUANTI-TAF aimed to establish tenofovir-diphosphate/emtricitabine-triphosphate (TFV-DP/FTC-TP) adherence benchmarks in dried blood spots (DBS) for persons with HIV (PWH) receiving tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (TAF/FTC)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods During a 16-week pharmacokinetic study, PWH received TAF/FTC-based ART co-encapsulated with an ingestible sensor to directly
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Executive Summary: Fostering Collaborative Teamwork—A Comprehensive Approach to Vascular Graft Infection Following Arterial Reconstructive Surgery Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Hussam Tabaja, Supavit Chesdachai, Aditya S Shah, Ryan W Stevens, Randall R DeMartino, Young M Erben, Walter R Wilson, Larry M Baddour, Daniel C DeSimone
Vascular graft infection (VGI) is one of the most serious complications following arterial reconstructive surgery. VGI has received increasing attention over the past decade, but many questions remain regarding its diagnosis and management. In this review, we describe our approach to VGI through multidisciplinary collaboration and discuss decision-making for challenging presentations. This document
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Association between Causative Pathogen and Occurrence of Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis in Infective Endocarditis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Nabin K Shrestha, Emese C Kanyo, Georges N Nakhoul, Leal C Herlitz, Steven M Gordon
Among patients with pathologically-proven infective endocarditis, the association of pathogen with occurrence of infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) was examined in 48 cases of IRGN and 192 propensity score-matched controls. Bartonella was very strongly associated with IRGN (OR 38.2, 95% C.I. 6.7–718.8, p-value <.001); other microorganisms were not.
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Genomic Analysis and Surveillance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Danielle M Allen, Marina I Reyne, Pearce Allingham, Ashley Levickas, Stephen H Bell, Jonathan Lock, Jonathon D Coey, Stephen Carson, Andrew J Lee, Cormac McSparron, Behnam Firoozi Nejad, James McKenna, Mark Shannon, Kathy Li, Tanya Curran, Lindsay J Broadbent, Damian G Downey, Ultan F Power, Helen E Groves, Jennifer M McKinley, John W McGrath, Connor G G Bamford, Deirdre F Gilpin
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe infections in infants, immunocompromised or elderly individuals resulting in annual epidemics of respiratory disease. Currently, limited clinical surveillance and the lack of predictable seasonal dynamics limits the public health response. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has recently been used globally as a key metric in determining prevalence of
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Clinical severity of enteric viruses detected using a quantitative molecular assay compared to conventional assays in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Jordan Cates, Helen Powell, James Platts-Mills, Dilruba Nasrin, Sandra Panchalingam, Samba O Sow, Awa Traore, Dipika Sur, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy, Anita K M Zaidi, Furqan Kabir, Abu S G Faruque, Dilruba Ahmed, Robert F Breiman, Richard Omore, John Benjamin Ochieng, M Jahangir Hossain, Martin Antonio, Inácio Mandomando, Delfino Vubil, James P Nataro, Myron M Levine, Umesh D Parashar, Karen L Kotloff
Background Quantitative molecular assays are increasingly used for detection of enteric viruses. Methods We compared the clinical severity using modified Vesikari score (mVS) of enteric viruses detected by conventional assays (enzyme immunoassays [EIA] for rotavirus and adenovirus 40/41 and conventional polymerase chain reaction for astrovirus, sapovirus, and norovirus) and a quantitative molecular
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Genomic and eco-epidemiological investigations in Uruguay reveal local Chikungunya virus transmission dynamics during its expansion across the Americas in 2023 Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Analía Burgueño, Marta Giovanetti, Vagner Fonseca, Noelia Morel, Mauricio Lima, Emerson Castro, Natália R. Guimarães, Felipe C. M. Iani, Victoria Bormida, Maria Noel Cortinas, Viviana Ramas, Leticia Coppola, Ana I. Bento, Leticia Franco, Jairo Mendez Rico, José Lourenço, Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara, Hector Chiparelli
Uruguay experienced its first Chikungunya virus outbreak in 2023, resulting in a significant burden to its healthcare system. We conducted analysis based on real-time genomic surveillance (30 novel...
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Clinical outcomes of treatment-naïve HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection with low serum HBsAg and undetectable HBV DNA Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Jian Wang, Li Zhu, Shaoqiu Zhang, Zhiyi Zhang, Tao Fan, Fei Cao, Ye Xiong, Yifan Pan, Yuanyuan Li, Chao Jiang, Shengxia Yin, Xin Tong, Yali Xiong, Juan Xia, Xiaomin Yan, Yong Liu, Xingxiang Liu, Yuxin Chen, Jie Li, Chuanwu Zhu, Chao Wu, Rui Huang
Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level < 100 IU/ml and undetectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA have been recently proposed as an alternate endpoint of “partial cure” in chronic hepatitis ...
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Mammalian adaptation risk in HPAI H5N8: a comprehensive model bridging experimental data with mathematical insights Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Santosh Chokkakula, Sol Oh, Won-Suk Choi, Chang Il Kim, Ju Hwan Jeong, Beom Kyu Kim, Ji-Hyun Park, Seong Cheol Min, Eung-Gook Kim, Yun Hee Baek, Young Ki Choi, Min-Suk Song
Understanding the mammalian pathogenesis and interspecies transmission of HPAI H5N8 virus hinges on mapping its adaptive markers. We used deep sequencing to track these markers over five passages i...
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Evolution of H7N9 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in the context of vaccination Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 13.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Yujie Hou, Guohua Deng, Pengfei Cui, Xianying Zeng, Bin Li, Dongxue Wang, Xinwen He, Cheng Yan, Yaping Zhang, Jiongjie Li, Jinming Ma, Yanbing Li, Xiurong Wang, Guobin Tian, Huihui Kong, Lijie Tang, Yasuo Suzuki, Jianzhong Shi, Hualan Chen
Human infections with the H7N9 influenza virus have been eliminated in China through vaccination of poultry; however, the H7N9 virus has not yet been eradicated from poultry. Carefully analysis of ...
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SARS-CoV-2 IgG Levels as Predictors of XBB Variant Neutralization, Israel, 2022 and 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Yaniv Lustig, Michal Canetti, Victoria Indenbaum, Yovel Peretz, Yael Weiss-Ottolenghi, Ili Margalit, Keren Asraf, Tal Levin, Neta Zuckerman, Enosh Tomer, Michal Mandelboim, Ram Doolman, Noam Barda, Gili Regev-Yochay
Although a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-XBB.1.5 variant is available worldwide and recent infection is protective, the lack of recorded infection data highlights the need to assess variant-specific antibody neutralization levels. We analyzed IgG levels against receptor-binding domain–specific SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain as a correlate for high neutralizing titers against XBB variants.
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Detection of Recombinant African Swine Fever Virus Strains of p72 Genotypes I and II in Domestic Pigs, Vietnam, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Van Phan Le, Van Tam Nguyen, Tran Bac Le, Nguyen Tuan Anh Mai, Viet Dung Nguyen, Thi Tam Than, Thi Ngoc Ha Lai, Ki Hyun Cho, Seong-Keun Hong, Yeon Hee Kim, Tran Anh Dao Bui, Thi Lan Nguyen, Daesub Song, Aruna Ambagala
African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II is endemic to Vietnam. We detected recombinant ASFV genotypes I and II (rASFV I/II) strains in domestic pigs from 6 northern provinces in Vietnam. The introduction of rASFV I/II strains could complicate ongoing ASFV control measures in the region.