-
Frequent convergence of mcr-9 and carbapenemase genes in Enterobacter cloacae complex driven by epidemic plasmids and host incompatibility Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 19.568) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Tingting Xu, Chun-Xu Xue, Yuxin Chen, Junxi Huang, Weiyuan Wu, Yuemei Lu, Qiuhui Huang, Dandan Chen, Kai Zhou
ABSTRACT Convergence of mcr and carbapenemase genes has been sporadically detected in Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) with an upward trend. However, the state of the epidemic and underlying mechanism of such convergence has been poorly understood. In this study, the co-occurrence of MCR and carbapenemases was systematically analyzed in 230 clinical ECC isolates collected between 2000 and 2018 together
-
A case–case study on the effect of primary and booster immunization with China-produced COVID-19 vaccines on prevention of pneumonia and viral load among vaccinated persons infected by Delta and Omicron variants Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 19.568) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Dan Wu, Ying Ye, Lin Tang, Ai-Bin Wang, Rui Zhang, Zhao-Hui Qian, Fu-Zhen Wang, Hui Zheng, Chang Huang, Xiao-Ya Lv, Hai-Feng Wang, Yan-Yang Zhang, Jing-Jing Pan, Ya-Fei Li, Ming-Xia Lu, Chang-Shuang Wang, Ya-Ting Ma, Zhi-Jie An, Lance Everett Rodewald, Zun-Dong Yin, Xuan-Yi Wang, Zhi-Yin Wu, Yi-Ming Shao
ABSTRACT Using a three-prefecture, two-variant COVID-19 outbreak in Henan province in January 2022, we evaluated the associations of primary and booster immunization with China-produced COVID-19 vaccines and COVID-19 pneumonia and SARS-CoV-2 viral load among persons infected by Delta or Omicron variant. We obtained demographic, clinical, vaccination, and multiple Ct values of infections ≥3 years of
-
Prevalence of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae under divergent evolutionary patterns Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 19.568) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Dongxing Tian, Xiao Liu, Wenjie Chen, Ying Zhou, Dakang Hu, Weiwen Wang, Jinzuan Wu, Qing Mu, Xiaofei Jiang
ABSTRACT K1/K2 hvKP strains acquire carbapenem-resistance plasmids, known as CR-hvKp, and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains obtain virulence plasmids, recognized as hv-CRKP. The two different evolution patterns of hypervirulent combined carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae may lead to their different prevalence in hospitals. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence
-
An engineered 5-helix bundle derived from SARS-CoV-2 S2 pre-binds sarbecoviral spike at both serological- and endosomal-pH to inhibit virus entry Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 19.568) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Xi Lin, Liyan Guo, Sheng Lin, Zimin Chen, Fanli Yang, Jing Yang, Lingling Wang, Ao Wen, Yanping Duan, Xindan Zhang, Yushan Dai, Keqing Yin, Xin Yuan, Chongzhang Yu, Bin He, Yu Cao, Haohao Dong, Jian Li, Qi Zhao, Guangwen Lu
ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and related sarbecoviruses enter host cells by receptor-recognition and membrane-fusion. An indispensable step in fusion is the formation of 6-helix bundle by viral spike heptad repeats 1 and 2 (HR1 and HR2). Here, we report the construction of 5-helix bundle (5HB) proteins for virus infection inhibition. The optimal construct inhibits
-
Airway acidification impaired host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by promoting type 1 interferon β response Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 19.568) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Yang Liu, Ying-Zhou Xie, Yi-Han Shi, Ling Yang, Xiao-Yang Chen, Ling-Wei Wang, Jie-Ming Qu, Dong Weng, Xiao-Jian Wang, Hai-Peng Liu, Bao-Xue Ge, Jin-Fu Xu
Abstract Airway microenvironment played an important role in the progression of chronic respiratory disease. Here we showed that standardized pondus hydrogenii (pH) of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of bronchiectasis patients was significantly lower than that of controls and was significantly correlated with bronchiectasis severity index (BSI) scores and disease prognosis. EBC pH was lower in severe
-
Evolutionary and genomic insights into the long-term colonization of Shigella flexneri in animals Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 19.568) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Junrong Liang, Zhen Zhu, Ruiting Lan, Jing Meng, Bram Vrancken, Shan Lu, Dong Jin, Jing Yang, Jianping Wang, Tian Qin, Ji Pu, Li Zhang, Kui Dong, Mingchao Xu, Huaiyu Tian, Taijiao Jiang, Jianguo Xu
Abstract The enteroinvasive bacterium Shigella flexneri is known as a highly host-adapted human pathogen. There had been no known other reservoirs reported until recently. Here 34 isolates obtained from animals (yaks, dairy cows and beef cattle) from 2016–2017 and 268 human S. flexneri isolates from China were sequenced to determine the relationships between animal and human isolates and infer the
-
The IgM response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is sufficient for conferring immunity J. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.759) Pub Date : 2022-08-06 Matthew Cravens, Akhil S Alugupalli, Vijay K Sandilya, Stephen J McGeady, Kishore R Alugupalli
In mice, pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) vaccines generate antigen-specific IgM, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3. Antibody and complement-dependent opsonophagocytosis correlates with the protection induced by PPS vaccines in vivo. Since IgM is a very efficient immunoglobulin isotype in activating the complement system, we evaluated whether anti-PPS IgM alone is sufficient to confer protective immunity to Streptococcus
-
Enhanced Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigen–Specific Systemic Immune Responses in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Reversal After Recovery J. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.759) Pub Date : 2022-08-06 Nathella Pavan Kumar, Aishwarya Venkataraman, Arul Nancy, Kadar Moideen, Poovazhagi Varadarjan, Elilarasi Selladurai, Thankgavelu Sangaralingam, Ramya Selvam, Akshith Thimmaiah, Suresh Natarajan, Ganesh Ramasamy, Syed Hissar, Umadevi Radayam Ranganathan, Subash Babu
Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) presents with inflammation and pathology of multiple organs in the pediatric population in the weeks following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods We characterized the SARS-CoV-2 antigen–specific cytokine and chemokine responses in children with MIS-C, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and
-
Correction to Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20: e276–88 Lancet Infect Dis (IF 71.421) Pub Date : 2022-08-05
Abstract not available
-
Nationwide tuberculosis outbreak in the USA linked to a bone graft product: an outbreak report Lancet Infect Dis (IF 71.421) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Noah G Schwartz, Alfonso C Hernandez-Romieu, Pallavi Annambhotla, Thomas D Filardo, Sandy P Althomsons, Rebecca J Free, Ruoran Li, W Wyatt Wilson, Molly Deutsch-Feldman, Marci Drees, Emily Hanlin, Kelly White, Kimberly A Lehman, Tyler C Thacker, Scott A Brubaker, Brychan Clark, Sridhar V Basavaraju, Isaac Benowitz, Maryam B Haddad
Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission through solid organ transplantation has been well described, but transmission through transplanted tissues is rare. We investigated a tuberculosis outbreak in the USA linked to a bone graft product containing live cells derived from a single deceased donor. Methods In this outbreak report, we describe the management and severity of the outbreak and
-
Learning from the bone allograft tuberculosis outbreak in the USA Lancet Infect Dis (IF 71.421) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Celeste Hill, Duncan Purtill
Abstract not available
-
Maintaining genomic surveillance using whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from rapid antigen test devices Lancet Infect Dis (IF 71.421) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Genevieve E Martin, George Taiaroa, Mona L Taouk, Ivana Savic, Jacinta O'Keefe, Robert Quach, Jacqueline Prestedge, Marcelina Krysiak, Leon Caly, Deborah A Williamson
Abstract not available
-
Is the UK prepared for seasonal influenza in 2022–23 and beyond? Lancet Infect Dis (IF 71.421) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 Joshua Nazareth, Daniel Pan, Christopher A Martin, Ian Barr, Sheena G Sullivan, Iain Stephenson, Amandip Sahota, Tristan W Clark, Laura B Nellums, Julian W Tang, Manish Pareek
Abstract not available
-
Geriatric risk and protective factors for serious COVID-19 outcomes among older adults in Shanghai Omicron wave Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 19.568) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Guanzhu Lu, Yi Zhang, Haocheng Zhang, Jingwen Ai, Liu He, Xiaoling Yuan, Suxia Bao, Xiaohua Chen, Hongyu Wang, Jianpeng Cai, Sen Wang, Wenhong Zhang, Jie Xu
Abstract Background: Omicron variant was featured with high transmissibility and striking antibody evasion. Shanghai has been experiencing Omicron wave since March 2022. Though several studies have evaluated the risk factors of severe infections, the analyses of BA.2 infection risk and protective factors among geriatric people was much limited. Methods: This multicenter cohort study described clinical
-
COVID-19 burden among unaccompanied minors in United States custody Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Carlo Foppiano Palacios, Elizabeth W Tucker, Mark A Travassos
Background Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, crowded and unsanitary living conditions lacking medical expertise made U.S. detention centers hotbeds for infectious disease outbreaks. There have been 30,000 COVID-19 cases, positivity rates exceeding 50%, and nine deaths in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody, but the extent of disease among children under the care of the Office of Refugee
-
Clinical and Molecular Analysis of Recurrent Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Andrew Bock, Blake M Hanson, Felicia Ruffin, Joshua B Parsons, Lawrence P Park, Batu Sharma-Kuinkel, Michael Mohnasky, Cesar A Arias, Vance G Fowler, Joshua T Thaden
Background The causes and clinical characteristics of recurrent gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (GNB-BSI) are poorly understood. Methods We used a prospectively ascertained cohort of patients with GNB-BSI to identify clinical characteristics, microbiology, and risk factors associated with recurrent GNB-BSI. Bacterial genotyping (both pulsed field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] and whole
-
Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Alpha Variant in Chronically Infected Immunocompromised Person Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 16.126) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Bas B. Oude Munnink, Roel H.T. Nijhuis, Nathalie Worp, Marjan Boter, Babette Weller, Babs E. Verstrepen, Corine GeurtsvanKessel, Maarten L. Corsten, Anne Russcher, Marion Koopmans
We detected a highly divergent SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant in an immunocompromised person several months after the latest detection of the Alpha variant in the Netherlands. The patient was infected for 42 weeks despite several treatment regimens and disappearance of most clinical symptoms. We identified several potential immune escape mutations in the spike protein.
-
Quantifying Population Burden and Effectiveness of Decentralized Surveillance Strategies for Skin-Presenting Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liberia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 16.126) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Joseph W.S. Timothy, Emerson Rogers, Katherine E. Halliday, Tarnue Mulbah, Michael Marks, Zeela Zaizay, Romeo Giddings, Marie Kempf, Estelle Marion, Stephen L. Walker, Karsor K. Kollie, Rachel L. Pullan
We evaluated programmatic approaches for skin neglected tropical disease (NTD) surveillance and completed a robust estimation of the burden of skin NTDs endemic to West Africa (Buruli ulcer, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, and yaws). In Maryland, Liberia, exhaustive case finding by community health workers of 56,285 persons across 92 clusters identified 3,241 suspected cases. A total of 236 skin NTDs
-
Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from adult index cases living with and without HIV in South Africa, 2020-2021: a case-ascertained, prospective observational household transmission study Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Jackie Kleynhans, Sibongile Walaza, Neil A Martinson, Mzimasi Neti, Anne von Gottberg, Jinal N Bhiman, Dylan Toi, Daniel G Amoako, Amelia Buys, Kedibone Ndlangisa, Nicole Wolter, Leisha Genade, Lucia Maloma, Juanita Chewparsad, Limakatso Lebina, Linda de Gouveia, Retshidisitswe Kotane, Stefano Tempia, Cheryl Cohen
Background In South Africa, 19% of the adult population are living with HIV (LWH). Few data on the influence of HIV on SARS-CoV-2 household transmission are available. Methods We performed a case-ascertained, prospective household transmission study of symptomatic index SARS-CoV-2 cases LWH and HIV-uninfected adults and their contacts in South Africa, October 2020 to September 2021. Households were
-
SARS-CoV-2 hyperimmune intravenous human immunoglobulins neutralizes Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.3 and BA.4/BA.5 for treatment of COVID-19 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Mayanka Awasthi, Hana Golding, Surender Khurana
Our study demonstrates that neither 2020-convalescent plasma (CP) nor 2019/2020-immunoglobulin (IVIG) neutralize Omicron subvariants BA.1 to BA.5. In contrast, hyperimmune 2020-hCoV-2IG lots neutralized Omicron VOCs, similar to 2022-CP from BA.1 breakthrough infections. Therefore, high-titer hCoV-2IG and CP could be evaluated for treatment of high-risk individuals infected with circulating Omicron
-
A phase-2, randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial of oral fexinidazole in adults with chronic indeterminate Chagas disease Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Faustino Torrico, Joaquim Gascón, Lourdes Ortiz, Jimy Pinto, Gimena Rojas, Alejandro Palacios, Fabiana Barreira, Bethania Blum, Alejandro Gabriel Schijman, Michel Vaillant, Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft, Maria Jesus Pinazo, Graeme Bilbe, Isabela Ribeiro
Background Chagas disease (CD) has significant global health impact, but safe and effective treatments remain elusive. The nitroimidazole fexinidazole is a potential treatment. Methods This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-finding, proof-of-concept study was conducted in Bolivia. Adults with serologically-confirmed chronic indeterminate CD and positive PCR were randomly assigned to
-
Measuring work-related risk of COVID-19: comparison of COVID-19 incidence by occupation and industry – Wisconsin, September 2020-May 2021 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Ian W Pray, Barbara Grajewski, Collin Morris, Komi Modji, Peter DeJonge, Katherine McCoy, Carrie Tomasallo, Traci DeSalvo, Ryan P Westergaard, Jonathan Meiman
Background Work-related exposures play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, yet few studies have measured the risk of COVID-19 across occupations and industries. Methods During September 2020 – May 2021, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services collected occupation and industry data as part of routine COVID-19 case investigations. Adults aged 18-64 years with confirmed or probable COVID-19
-
Prolonged shedding of Zika virus in human semen is associated with male reproductive tract inflammation J. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.759) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Megan B Vogt, Erin M McDonald, Mark Delorey, Paul S Mead, Sarah A Hook, Alison F Hinckley, Stephen R Werre, Aaron C Brault, Nisha K Duggal
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes congenital defects. Sexual transmission of ZIKV was confirmed in a recent epidemic; however, mechanisms behind ZIKV infection and persistence in the male reproductive tract are unknown. Previously, we found that ∼33% of men with symptomatic ZIKV infections shed ZIKV RNA in semen, and some men shed ZIKV RNA for >3 months. Here, we evaluated
-
Monkeypox: how will we know if the treatments work? Lancet Infect Dis (IF 71.421) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 Amanda Rojek, Jake Dunning, Piero Olliaro
Abstract not available
-
Monkeypox virus isolation from a semen sample collected in the early phase of infection in a patient with prolonged seminal viral shedding Lancet Infect Dis (IF 71.421) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 Daniele Lapa, Fabrizio Carletti, Valentina Mazzotta, Giulia Matusali, Carmela Pinnetti, Silvia Meschi, Roberta Gagliardini, Francesca Colavita, Annalisa Mondi, Claudia Minosse, Laura Scorzolini, Stefania Cicalini, Gaetano Maffongelli, Eliana Specchiarello, Marta Camici, Aurora Bettini, Francesco Baldini, Massimo Francalancia, Fabrizio Maggi
Abstract not available
-
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during Delta-dominant and Omicron-dominant periods in Japan: a multi-center prospective case-control study (FASCINATE study) Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 Takeshi Arashiro, Yuzo Arima, Hirokazu Muraoka, Akihiro Sato, Kunihiro Oba, Yuki Uehara, Hiroko Arioka, Hideki Yanai, Jin Kuramochi, Genei Ihara, Kumi Chubachi, Naoki Yanagisawa, Yoshito Nagura, Yasuyuki Kato, Akihiro Ueda, Akira Numata, Hideaki Kato, Koji Ishii, Takao Ooki, Hideaki Oka, Yusuke Nishida, Ashley Stucky, Chris Smith, Martin Hibberd, Koya Ariyoshi, Motoi Suzuki
Background Although several COVID-19 vaccines initially showed high efficacy, there have been concerns due to waning immunity and the emergence of variants with immune escape capacity. Methods A test-negative design case-control study was conducted in 16 healthcare facilities in Japan during the Delta-dominant period (August-September 2021) and the Omicron-dominant period (January-March 2022). Vaccine
-
Hyperimmune globulin for severely immunocompromised patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a randomized, controlled trial J. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.759) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 Sammy Huygens, Quincy Hofsink, Inger S Nijhof, Abraham Goorhuis, Arnon P Kater, Peter AW te Boekhorst, Francis Swaneveld, Věra MJ Novotný, Susanne Bogers, Matthijs RA Welkers, Grigorios Papageorgiou, Bart J Rijnders, Jarom Heijmans
The aim of this randomized, controlled trial is to determine whether anti-SARS-CoV-2 hyperimmune globulin protects against severe COVID-19 in severely immunocompromised, hospitalized, COVID-19 patients. Patients were randomly assigned to receive anti-SARS-CoV-2 hyperimmune globulin (COVIG) or intravenous immunoglobulin without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Severe COVID-19 was observed in two out of ten (20%)
-
Potent Neutralizing Activity of Polyclonal Equine Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern J. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.759) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 Joanna Luczkowiak, Pauline Radreau, Ludovic Nguyen, Nuria Labiod, Fátima Lasala, Francisco Veas, Cécile Hélène Herbreteau, Rafael Delgado
Several monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (mAbs) have received emergency authorization for COVID-19 treatment. However, most of these mAbs are not active against the highly mutated Omicron SARS-CoV-2 subvariants. We have tested a polyclonal approach of equine anti-SARS-CoV-2 F(ab’)2 antibodies that achieved a high level of neutralizing potency against all SARS-CoV-2 VoCs tested including Omicron
-
Clinical evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests during the Omicron wave in South Africa J. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.759) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 Natasha Samsunder, Margaretha de Vos, Sinaye Ngcapu, Jennifer Giandhari, Lara Lewis, Ayesha BM Kharsany, Cherie Carwood, Tulio de Olveira, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Salim Abdool Karim, Kogieleum Naidoo, Camille Escadafal, Aida Sivro
We evaluated the performance of nasal and nasopharyngeal Standard Q COVID-19 Ag tests (SD Biosensor) and the Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device (nasal, Abbott) against the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay during the Omicron (21 M, 21K and 21L) wave in South Africa. Overall, all evaluated tests performed well with high level of sensitivity (ranging from 77.78-81.42%) and excellent specificity values
-
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States prior to the Delta and Omicron-associated surges: a retrospective cohort study of repeat blood donors J. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.759) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 Eduard Grebe, Elaine A Yu, Marjorie D Bravo, Alex Welte, Roberta L Bruhn, Mars Stone, Valerie Green, Phillip C Williamson, Leora R Feldstein, Jefferson M Jones, Michael P Busch, Brian Custer
To inform public health policy, it is critical to monitor COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE), including against acquiring infection. We estimated VE using self-reported vaccination in a retrospective cohort of repeat blood donors who donated during the first half of 2021, demonstrating a viable approach for monitoring of VE via serological surveillance. Using Poisson regression, we estimated an overall
-
SARS-CoV-2 evolution and patient immunological history shape the breadth and potency of antibody-mediated immunity J. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.759) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 Maria Manali, Laura A Bissett, Julien A R Amat, Nicola Logan, Sam Scott, Ellen C Hughes, William T Harvey, Richard Orton, Emma C Thomson, Rory N Gunson, Mafalda Viana, Brian Willett, Pablo R Murcia
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, humans have been exposed to distinct SARS-CoV-2 antigens, either by infection with different variants, and/or vaccination. Population immunity is thus highly heterogeneous, but the impact of such heterogeneity on the effectiveness and breadth of the antibody-mediated response is unclear. We measured antibody-mediated neutralisation responses against SARS-CoV-2Wuhan
-
Efficacy of heterologous boosting against SARS-CoV-2 using a recombinant interferon-armed fusion protein vaccine (V-01): a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled phase III trial Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 19.568) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Xuan-Yi Wang, Syed Faisal Mahmood, Fang Jin, Wee Kooi Cheah, Muhammad Ahmad, Mian Amjad Sohail, Waheed Ahmad, Vijaya K. Suppan, Muneeba Ahsan Sayeed, Shobha Luxmi, Aik-Howe Teo, Li Yuan Lee, Yang-Yang Qi, Rong-Juan Pei, Wei Deng, Zhong-Hui Xu, Jia-Ming Yang, Yan Zhang, Wu-Xiang Guan, Xiong Yu
ABSTRACT Waning of neutralizing titres along with decline of protection efficacy after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccines was observed, including China-made inactivated vaccines. Efficacy of a heterologous boosting using one dose of a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 fusion protein vaccine (V-01) in inactivated vaccine-primed population was studied, aimed to restore the immunity. A randomized, double-blind
-
Identification of three conserved linear B cell epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 19.568) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 Aiping Wang, Yuanyuan Tian, Hongliang Liu, Peiyang Ding, Yumei Chen, Chao Liang, Yongkun Du, Dawei Jiang, Xifang Zhu, Jiajia Yin, Gaiping Zhang
Abstract Spike (S) glycoproteins is the most significant structural protein of SARS-CoV-2 and a key target for neutralizing antibodies. In light of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, identification and screening of epitopes of spike glycoproteins will provide vital progress in the development of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools. In the present study, NTD, RBD and S2 gene were inserted to the pcDNA3
-
Total RNA sequencing of Phlebotomus chinensis, a neglected vector in China, simultaneously revealed viral, bacterial, and eukaryotic microbes that are potentially pathogenic to humans Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 19.568) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 Jing Wang, Qin-yu Gou, Geng-yan Luo, Xin Hou, Guodong Liang, Mang Shi
Abstract Phlebotomus chinensis sandfly is a neglected insect vector in China which is well-known for carrying Leishmania. Recent studies have expanded its pathogen repertoire with two novel arthropod-borne phleboviruses capable of infecting human and animals. Despite these discoveries, our knowledge on the general pathogen diversity and overall microbiome composition of this vector species are still
-
Mycobacterium paragordonae is an emerging pathogen in human pulmonary disease: clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and outcomes Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 19.568) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 Li Yuanchun, Zhang wenping, Zhao Jing, Lai Wenjie, Zhao Yanlin, Li Yanming, Qu Jiuxin
Abstract Objectives Mycobacterium paragordonae (MPG) is an emerging and less common type of Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and we know little about its characteristics and prognosis, hence we constructed this retrospective cohort study. Methods MPG was identified using MALD-TOF MS, multi-target combined gene sequencing and WGS. Clinical information was collected, antimicrobial susceptibility testing
-
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant 24 Days after Non-Omicron Infection, Pennsylvania, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 16.126) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Arlene G. Seid, Tigist Yirko, Sameera Sayeed, Nottasorn Plipat
A 42-year-old man, with up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination, experienced symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in December 2021. Mutation tests suggested a non-Omicron variant. After his recovery, and 24 days after the first positive SARS-CoV-2 test, he had onset of symptomatic infection with the BA.1.1 (Omicron) variant, which was confirmed by whole-genome sequencing.
-
Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Suggestive of Single Events of Spillover to Cattle, Germany Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 16.126) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Kerstin Wernike, Jens Böttcher, Silke Amelung, Kerstin Albrecht, Tanja Gärtner, Karsten Donat, Martin Beer
Human infection with SARS-CoV-2 poses a risk for transmission to animals. To characterize the risk for cattle, we serologically investigated 1,000 samples collected from cattle in Germany in late 2021. Eleven antibody-positive samples indicated that cattle may be occasionally infected by contact with SARS-CoV-2–positive keepers, but we found no indication of further spread.
-
Effect of Frequent SARS-CoV-2 Testing on Weekly Case Rates in Long-Term Care Facilities, Florida, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 16.126) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz, Belal Aboabdo, Isaac Turner, Jeffrey D. Klausner
We analyzed 1,292,165 SARS-CoV-2 test results from residents and employees of 361 long-term care facilities in Florida, USA. A 1% increase in testing resulted in a 0.08% reduction in cases 3 weeks after testing began. Increasing SARS-CoV-2 testing frequency is a viable tool for reducing virus transmission in these facilities.
-
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Global COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 16.126) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Daihai He, Sheikh Taslim Ali, Guihong Fan, Daozhou Gao, Haitao Song, Yijun Lou, Shi Zhao, Benjamin J. Cowling, Lewi Stone
To model estimated deaths averted by COVID-19 vaccines, we used state-of-the-art mathematical modeling, likelihood-based inference, and reported COVID-19 death and vaccination data. We estimated that >1.5 million deaths were averted in 12 countries. Our model can help assess effectiveness of the vaccination program, which is crucial for curbing the COVID-19 pandemic.
-
Epidemiology of Infections with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 Variant, Hong Kong, January–March 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 16.126) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Yonatan M. Mefsin, Dongxuan Chen, Helen S. Bond, Yun Lin, Justin K. Cheung, Jessica Y. Wong, Sheikh Taslim Ali, Eric H.Y. Lau, Peng Wu, Gabriel M. Leung, Benjamin J. Cowling
Our analysis of data collected from multiple epidemics in Hong Kong indicated a shorter serial interval and generation time of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The age-specific case-fatality risk for Omicron BA.2.2 case-patients without complete primary vaccination was comparable to that of persons infected with ancestral strains in earlier waves.
-
HIV, chemsex, and the need for harm-reduction interventions to support gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men Lancet HIV (IF 16.07) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Carol Strong, Poyao Huang, Chia-Wen Li, Stephane Wen-Wei Ku, Huei-Jiuan Wu, Adam Bourne
Numerous studies have identified an association between the use of drugs in sexual contexts (chemsex) and HIV among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), although whether a causal relationship exists is contentious. An intricate relationship exists between chemsex, HIV treatment and prevention, harm reduction, and the provision of community-grounded health services. Furthermore
-
The association of antibody immunity with cryptococcal antigenemia and mortality in a South African cohort with advanced HIV disease Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 Hyunah Yoon, Rachel M Wake, Antonio S Nakouzi, Tao Wang, Ilir Agalliu, Caroline T Tiemessen, Nelesh P Govender, Joseph N Jarvis, Thomas S Harrison, Liise anne Pirofski
Background Asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia (positive blood cryptococcal antigen [CrAg]) is associated with increased mortality in HIV-positive individuals even after adjusting for CD4 count and despite receiving antifungal treatment. The association of antibody immunity with mortality in HIV-positive adults with cryptococcal antigenemia is unknown. Methods Cryptococcus spp. capsular glucuronoxylomannan
-
African Swine Fever Control and Prevention: An Update on Vaccine Development Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 19.568) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Ana Catarina Urbano, Fernando Ferreira
Abstract African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal and highly contagious viral disease of domestic and wild pigs, listed as a notifiable disease reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Despite its limited host range and absent zoonotic potential, the socio-economic and environmental impact of ASF is very high, representing a serious threat to the global swine industry and the many stakeholders
-
Reduced incidence of Long COVID referrals to the Cambridge University Teaching Hospital Long COVID clinic Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Benjamin A Krishna, Marina Metaxaki, Mark R Wills, Nyaradzai Sithole
Long COVID (LC) constitutes a potential health emergency as millions of SARS-CoV-2 infections lead to chronic symptoms. We must understand whether vaccines reduce LC as this has major implications for health policy. We report a 79% reduction in LC referrals correlating with reinfections and vaccination in the UK.
-
Spatiotemporal trends in norovirus outbreaks in the United States, 2009–2019 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Anita K Kambhampati, Laura Calderwood, Mary E Wikswo, Leslie Barclay, Claire P Mattison, Neha Balachandran, Jan Vinjé, Aron J Hall, Sara A Mirza
Background Globally, noroviruses cause infections year-round but have recognized winter seasonality in the northern hemisphere and yearly variations in incidence. With candidate norovirus vaccines in development, understanding temporal and geographic trends in norovirus disease is important to inform potential vaccination strategies and evaluate vaccine impact. Methods We analyzed data from the National
-
First Demonstration Project of Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy for Persons With and Without Detectable HIV Viremia in an Urban HIV Clinic Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Katerina A Christopoulos, Janet Grochowski, Francis Mayorga-Munoz, Matthew D Hickey, Elizabeth Imbert, John D Szumowski, Samantha Dilworth, Jon Oskarsson, Mary Shiels, Diane Havlir, Monica Gandhi
Background Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI-ART) is approved for treatment-naïve or experienced people living with HIV (PLWH) based on trials that only included participants with viral suppression. We performed the first LAI-ART demonstration project to include PLWH unable to achieve or maintain viral suppression due to challenges adhering to oral ART. Methods Ward 86 is a large HIV
-
Validity of self-testing at home with rapid SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection by lateral flow immunoassay Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Christina J Atchison, Maya Moshe, Jonathan C Brown, Matthew Whitaker, Nathan C K Wong, Anil A Bharath, Rachel A McKendry, Ara Darzi, Deborah Ashby, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Paul Elliott, Wendy S Barclay, Graham S Cooke, Helen Ward
Background We explore SARS-CoV-2 antibody lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) performance under field conditions compared to laboratory-based electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and live virus neutralisation. Methods In July 2021, 3758 participants performed, at home, a self-administered Fortress LFIA on finger-prick blood, reported and submitted a photograph of the result, and provided a self-collected
-
Ophthalmic manifestation of monkeypox infection Lancet Infect Dis (IF 71.421) Pub Date : 2022-07-30 Simone Vasilij Benatti, Serena Venturelli, Natalia Comi, Federica Borghi, Stefania Paolucci, Fausto Baldanti
Abstract not available
-
Rapid Adaptation of Established High-Throughput Molecular Testing Infrastructure for Monkeypox Virus Detection Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 16.126) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 Dominik Nörz, Hui Ting Tang, Petra Emmerich, Katja Giersch, Nicole Fischer, Stephan Schmiedel, Marylyn M. Addo, Martin Aepfelbacher, Susanne Pfefferle, Marc Lütgehetmann
Beginning in May 2022, a rising number of monkeypox cases were reported in non–monkeypox-endemic countries in the Northern Hemisphere. We adapted 2 published quantitative PCRs for use as a dual-target monkeypox virus test on widely used automated high-throughput PCR systems. We determined analytic performance by serial dilutions of monkeypox virus reference material, which we quantified by digital
-
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine and Baricitinib for Patients at High Risk of Severe COVID-19: The PANCOVID Randomized Clinical Trial Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-07-30 Rocío Montejano, Fernando de la Calle-Prieto, María Velasco, Carlos Guijarro, Javier Queiruga-Parada, María Jiménez-González, Patricia González-Ruano, Patricia Martínez, Ane Josune Goikoetxea, Marta Ibarrola, Marianela Ciudad, Ángela Gutiérrez, Miguel Torralba, Ana Díaz-Brasero, Pablo Ryan, Cristina Marcelo, Cristina Díez, Sofía Ibarra, Esperanza Merino, Vicente Estrada, Javier Marcos, María Novella
Background This study was designed to evaluate if patients with high risk for severe COVID-19 would benefit from treatment with TDF/FTC followed by baricitinib in case of hypoxemia and systemic inflammation. Methods PANCOVID is an open-label, double-randomized, phase 3 pragmatic clinical trial including adults with symptomatic COVID-19 with ≥ 2 comorbidities or older than 60 years conducted between
-
Antimicrobial Prescribing in the Telehealth Setting: Framework for stewardship during a period of rapid acceleration within primary care Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-07-30 Kathryn Sine, Haley Appaneal, David Dosa, Kerry L LaPlante
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. The use of telehealth in primary care presents unique barriers to antimicrobial stewardship, including limited physical examination and changes to the patient-provider relationship. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need to identify novel antimicrobial stewardship strategies with an explosion in the use of telehealth within primary care
-
Stool interleukin-1β differentiates Clostridioides difficile infection from asymptomatic carriage and non-C.difficile infection diarrhea Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-07-30 Javier A Villafuerte Gálvez, Nira R Pollock, Carolyn D Alonso, Xinhua Chen, Hua Xu, Lamei Wang, Nicole White, Alice Banz, Mark Miller, Kaitlyn Daugherty, Anne J Gonzalez-Luna, Caitlin Barrett, Rebecca Sprague, Kevin W Garey, Ciaran P Kelly
Background Despite advances in the understanding and diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI), clinical distinction within the colonization-infection continuum remains an unmet need. Methods By measuring stool cytokines and anti-toxin antibodies in well-characterized cohorts of CDI (diarrhea, Nucleic Acid Amplification Test [NAAT]+), Non-CDI diarrhea (NCD; diarrhea, NAAT-), asymptomatic
-
Viral load dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron breakthrough infections J. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.759) Pub Date : 2022-07-30 Felix Dewald, Susanne Detmer, Martin Pirkl, Martin Hellmich, Eva Heger, Maximilian Herrmann, Janine Zweigner, Florian Klein
In order to determine viral dynamics in Omicron breakthrough infections, we measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 206 double vaccinated or boostered individuals. During the first three days following the onset of symptoms, viral loads were significantly higher (Ct 21.76) in vaccinated compared to boostered (Ct 23.14) individuals (p = 0.029). However, by performing a longitudinal analysis on 32 individuals over
-
Correlation between post-vaccination anti-Spike antibody titres and protection against breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection: a population-based longitudinal study J. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.759) Pub Date : 2022-07-30 Giulia Vivaldi, David A Jolliffe, Sian Faustini, Adrian M Shields, Hayley Holt, Natalia Perdek, Mohammad Talaei, Florence Tydeman, Emma S Chambers, Weigang Cai, Wenhao Li, Joseph M Gibbons, Corinna Pade, Áine McKnight, Seif O Shaheen, Alex G Richter, Adrian R Martineau
In this population-based cohort of 7538 adults, combined IgG/A/M anti-Spike titres measured after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were predictive of protection against breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discrimination was significantly improved by adjustment for factors influencing risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure, including household overcrowding, public transport use, and visits to indoor public places. Anti-Spike
-
Correction to Lancet Infect Dis 2022; published online July 15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00345-0 Lancet Infect Dis (IF 71.421) Pub Date : 2022-07-28
Abstract not available
-
Correlation of Moraxella catarrhalis macrolide susceptibility with the ability to adhere and invade human respiratory epithelial cells Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 19.568) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 Ya-li Liu, Rui Ding, Xin-miao Jia, Jing-jing Huang, Shuying Yu, Hiu Tat Chan, Wei Li, Lei-li Mao, Li Zhang, Xin-yao Zhang, Wei Wu, An-ping Ni, Ying-chun Xu
Abstract Recently, the prevalence of macrolide-resistant Moraxella catarrhalis has been reported, especially among Chinese children. The fitness cost of resistance is reported to render the resistant bacteria less virulent. To investigate the correlation between macrolide susceptibility of M. catarrhalis and pathogenicity, the whole genome of 70 M. catarrhalis isolates belonging to four clonal complexes
-
Promoting tuberculosis preventive therapy in HIV Lancet HIV (IF 16.07) Pub Date : 2022-07-28 Sylvia M LaCourse, Dickens Onyango
Abstract not available
-
A mid-level health manager intervention to promote uptake of isoniazid preventive therapy among people with HIV in Uganda: a cluster randomised trial Lancet HIV (IF 16.07) Pub Date : 2022-07-28 Elijah Kakande, Canice Christian, Laura B Balzer, Asiphas Owaraganise, Joshua R Nugent, William DiIeso, Derek Rast, Jane Kabami, Jason Johnson Peretz, Carol S Camlin, Starley B Shade, Elvin H Geng, Dalsone Kwarisiima, Moses R Kamya, Diane V Havlir, Gabriel Chamie
Background Despite longstanding guidelines endorsing isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for people with HIV, uptake is low across sub-Saharan Africa. Mid-level health managers oversee IPT programmes nationally; interventions aimed at this group have not been tested. We aimed to establish whether providing structured leadership and management training and facilitating subregional collaboration and routine
-
Efficacy of Doxycycline for Mild-to-moderate Community-acquired Pneumonia in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 Sang Ho Choi, Antoni Cesar, Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow, Naveed Saleem, Nishkantha Arulkumaran, Mervyn Singer
Background Doxycycline has been recommended as a treatment option for non-severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults. We sought to review the evidence for the efficacy of doxycycline in adult patients with mild-to-moderate CAP. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of doxycycline versus comparator to assess the clinical efficacy.
-
Association between AZD7442 (tixagevimab-cilgavimab) administration and SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization and mortality Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 20.999) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 Jennifer Kertes, Shirley Shapiro Ben David, Noya Engel-Zohar, Keren Rosen, Beatriz Hemo, Avner Kantor, Limor Adler, Naama Shamir Stein, Miri Mizrahi Reuveni, Arnon Shahar
Background Intramuscular AZD7442 (Tixagevimab–Cilgavimab, (Evusheld)) has been found effective among immunocompromised individuals (ICI) in reducing Sars-Cov-2 infection and severe disease in ICIs. We evaluated the association between AZD7442 administration and SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease (COVID-19 hospitalization and all-cause mortality) among selected ICIs, during a fifth Omicron-dominated