A new study in science Translational Medicine demonstrates that the atheroprotective effects of PPARα agonists are associated with their anti-inflammatory properties rather than their lipid-lowering activity, highlighting the importance of targeting inflammation in managing the residual risk of cardiovascular disease

Section snippets Funding Support and Author DisclosuresDr McCarthy is supported by a National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute Career Development Award (K23HL167659); and has received consulting fees/honorarium from Roche Diagnostic, Abbott Laboratories, New Amsterdam Pharma, and Heartflow, Inc. Dr McEvoy has reported that he has no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

This case report describes a diagnosis of patent foramen ovale in a man in his 60s presenting with stroke symptoms and multifocal infarcts on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.

ImportancePercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the criterion standard for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Achieving target first medical contact (FMC)–to-device time is a quality metric in STEMI care.ObjectivesTo describe site-level variability in achieving target FMC-to-device time (≤90 minutes for primary presentations to PCI-capable hospitals and ≤120 minutes for transfers)

This Viewpoint discusses recent calls for guideline revision regarding clinical management of asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis in the context of new data from 4 randomized trials.

A man in his early 50s presented with recurrent episodes of cough, palpitations, shortness of breath, and exertional chest pain. What would you do next?

ImportanceRacial disparities in the management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are well established. Analysis of the temporal trends and geographic variation in racial differences in the use of revascularization and major amputation may identify areas for targeted intervention.ObjectiveTo investigate differences in the treatment of PAD between Black and White patients over time and by US state

Aims Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), where two valve leaflets are found instead of the usual three, affects 1-2% of the general population and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite its frequency, the majority of cases remain unexplained. This is, at least in part, because there are two types of valve leaflet primordia: endocardial cushions and intercalated valve swellings (ICVS)

Aims Human atherosclerotic plaque cells display DNA damage that if left unrepaired can promote premature cell senescence. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) predisposed to senescence promote atherogenesis and features of unstable plaques and increase neointima formation after injury. However, how premature VSMC senescence promotes vascular disease and its effects on VSMC phenotype are unknown. Methods

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Section snippets 10-Year and 30-Year Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in the U.S. Population 2239Kamil F. Faridi, Devesh Malik, Mohammed Essa, Huanhuan Yang, Erica S. Spatz, Harlan M. Krumholz, Yuan LuThis study used 2011-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data and the American Heart Association PREVENT (Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events) equations to estimate cardiovascular

Section snippets Funding Support and Author DisclosuresDr Khan has received research support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the American Heart Association.

Section snippets Next StepsAs noted earlier, it is not surprising that the KCCQ-12, when collected as a part of routine clinical care, is strongly associated with subsequent risk of death and heart failure hospitalization, independent of ejection fraction and other demographic and clinical factors. It was necessary to prove that this association remained consistent when the KCCQ was taken out of more

Section snippets Funding Support and Author DisclosuresDr Secemsky has received funding from National Institutes of Health/NHLBI K23HL150290; has received grants to institution from BD, Boston Scientific, Cook, Medtronic, and Philips; and has provided consulting for Abbott, Asahi, BD, Boston Scientific, Conavi, Cook, Cordis, Endovascular Engineering, Evident Vascular, Gore, InfraRedx, Medtronic, Philips

Section snippets Funding Support and Author DisclosuresDr Steg has received grant support from Amarin and Sanofi; has received honoraria from Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Idorsia, Janssen, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sanofi; and has served as Chief Medical Officer for Bioquantis; and has served as Senior Associate Editor at Circulation. Dr Spyropoulos

Section snippets Funding Support and Author DisclosuresNo specific funds were sought or received for this manuscript. Outside the submitted work, Dr Bikdeli is supported by a Career Development Award from the American Heart Association and VIVA Physicians (#938814); was supported by the Scott Schoen and Nancy Adams IGNITE Award and is supported by the Mary Ann Tynan Research Scientist award from the

Section snippets Funding Support and Author DisclosuresIn the past 3 years, Dr Krumholz has received options for Element Science and Identifeye and payments from F-Prime for advisory roles; was a co-founder of and held equity in Hugo Health; is a co-founder of and holds equity in Refactor Health and ENSIGHT-AI; and is associated with research contracts through Yale University from Janssen, Kenvue,

Section snippets Establishing Clinically Meaningful Within-Patient Changes to Categorize ResponseWe agree with Southworth et al6 that patient anchors (eg, patient global assessments of severity and change) can help define clinically important changes, but not that CMWPCs should be re-estimated in each study. In the absence of accepted standards, individual trials develop anchors with unique questions

Section snippets Funding Support and Author DisclosuresDrs Cotter and Davison are employees of Momentum Research, which has received grants for research from the Heart Initiative, Corteria, Windtree, Echosens, and 4teen4. Dr Bhatt has served on the Advisory Board of Angiowave, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, CellProthera, Cereno Scientific, E-Star Biotech, High Enroll, Janssen, Level Ex, McKinsey, Medscape

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Section snippets Funding Support and Author DisclosuresThis work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant P01 HL164311 to Dr Shivkumar and the UCLA Amara-Yad Project. Dr Shivkumar is a consultant to Nference and Anumana.

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BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy, as an important pathological change, contributes to heart failure. Recent studies indicate that the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) play key roles in this pathological process. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of MAM-resident FMO2 (flavin-containing monooxygenase 2)

Alcohol is one of the most commonly consumed substances in the world, exhibiting complex relationships with multiple aspects of cardiovascular health and disease. The majority of the research on the topic is observational and therefore prone to bias and confounding. The available evidence suggests no risk to possible risk reduction when alcohol is consumed in low amounts (such as no more than 1 to

BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease is a chronic and multifactorial disease with acute manifestations. Little is known about the concomitant impact of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension on the development of coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS ApoE and scavenger receptor B1, genes both associated with human hypercholesterolemia, were inactivated in mice by inserting a scavenger receptor B1 knockdown

Initially recognised for their role in vascular haemostasis, platelets are now understood to be critical regulators of inflammation and immune responses through complex interactions with immune cells. Key to this role is the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs), with platelet-monocyte aggregates (PMAs) representing the most thoroughly studied type in cardiovascular disease. PLAs form through

BACKGROUND Substantial evidence suggests an association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and long-term cerebrovascular health. We aimed to determine the associations between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and markers of cerebral small vessel disease 15 years after pregnancy. METHODS This was a nested cohort study embedded in a population-based prospective cohort followed from early

BACKGROUND Preeclampsia remains one of the major causes of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, and yet it is uncertain whether aspirin combined with calcium would reduce the burden of preeclampsia in Malawian women, as elsewhere. This study assessed the efficacy of early low-dose aspirin in preventing in women given calcium to prevent preeclampsia/eclampsia in Blantyre, Malawi. METHODS This

BACKGROUND Many individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face considerable but modifiable risk of cardiovascular and renal outcomes due to suboptimal implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). We investigated whether electronic letter-based nudges delivered to individuals with CKD and their general practices could increase GDMT uptake. METHODS This was a nationwide 2x2 factorial

Background and Aims Previous studies have highlighted the significance of RNA-binding proteins and alternative splicing (AS) in the progression of complex diseases, but the specific involvement of AS in heart failure (HF) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of RNA-binding motif single-stranded interacting protein 1 (RBMS1), an RNA-binding protein, in the development of HF by regulating

Background and Aims The large-scale, randomized ILUMIEN IV trial was examined to determine whether procedural guidance with optical coherence tomography (OCT) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of angiographically calcified lesions improves outcomes. Methods Patients with a single PCI target lesion were included in the present analysis. The presence of none, mild, moderate or severe lesion

BACKGROUND Recent studies have highlighted the deleterious role of high phosphate intake in hypertension by means of sympathetic overactivation, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Dietary phosphate loading triggers physiologic release of FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor-23) from the bone to maintain phosphate homeostasis. Both FGF23 and FGF receptors (FGFRs) are present in the central nervous

Intracellular pH must be maintained within the physiological range (7.15-7.25) to ensure cellular homeostasis. In the heart, excitation-contraction coupling is closely dependent on intracellular pH because its proper regulation helps the correct management of intracellular Ca2+. In addition, it is important to know the spatial distribution of intracellular pH microdomains because it helps us to better

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, has been identified as a key factor in the pathogenesis and progression of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The molecular basis of ferroptosis involves lipid peroxidation, iron dysregulation, and antioxidant pathways. Accumulating evidence suggests that ferroptosis is associated with various CVDs, including atherosclerosis, myocardial

BACKGROUND Despite the significant global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, limited studies have investigated the long-term cardiovascular sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly among Asian populations. This large-scale, population-based binational cohort study with long-term follow-up aimed to investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS

BACKGROUND The somatic JAK2V617F sequence variation, a key driver of myeloproliferative neoplasms, has been associated with increased risk of aortic aneurysms. This study aimed to explore associations between the JAK2V617F variant allele frequency (VAF) and ascending, descending, and abdominal aortic aneurysms. METHODS In the DANCAVAS I and II trials (Danish Cardiovascular Screening), 15 000 individuals