BackgroundIt has been well documented that periodontal treatment decreases the levels of certain disease‐associated species in subgingival plaque. Few studies, however, investigate to which extent periodontal therapy restores a health‐like subgingival community. Here, we conducted a secondary analysis to evaluate microbiome outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy alone or followed by an intensive

BackgroundSupportive periodontal therapy (SPT) reduces the probability of infection reoccurrence further disease progression. Despite that, several patient/tooth related variables have been linked to tooth loss during SPT. This longitudinal study examines the correlation between periodontal staging, grading, initial therapy, and frequency, cost, and time‐to‐re‐treatment following active periodontal

BackgroundThis study focused on whether the effectiveness of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on second molars (M2s) varies with the status of adjacent nonimpacted third molars (N‐M3s).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 776 regions from 268 patients were evaluated. Based on the adjacent N‐M3 status, quadrants with M2s were categorized into three groups: N‐M3 group (present N‐M3), A‐M3

BackgroundIn the present study, we aim to assess a novel silk‐fibroin (SF) chitosan (CH) film to treat oral mucosa wounds.MethodsThe SF/CH films, sterilized with 130 Gy in a gamma cell, were subjected to tests for thickness, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, elongation, and swelling as well as scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated

BackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of sexual dimorphism (SD) in the clinical manifestation of plaque‐induced periodontal inflammation by analyzing the association between patient‐related factors and the full‐mouth prevalence of bleeding on probing (BOP%) within 2 cohorts of male and female individuals.MethodsData on BOP (dichotomously recorded as present/absent after

BackgroundThe global burden and trend of severe periodontitis, as well as its association with sociodemographic development, among women of childbearing age (WCBA) have been unclear so far. This study aims to assess the epidemiological pattern of severe periodontitis in WCBA from 1990 to 2021 and provide projections through 2040.MethodsData on the incidence, prevalence, and disability‐adjusted life

BackgroundThe clinical evidence about alveolar ridge changes following molar extraction and how the alveolar bone morphology influences the ridge dimensional changes remains limited.MethodsA total of 192 patients with 199 molar extractions were included in this retrospective study. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients were obtained 0–3 months pre extraction and 6–12 months post extraction

BackgroundThe host immune response plays a major role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. A bibliometric study can be crucial to understanding the different processes involved in this area; however, to our knowledge, it has not been published until now. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to assess research hotspots and global trends in scientific articles about the immune response in

BackgroundTo investigate the differences in health care expenditure (HCE) due to the comorbidity status of periodontal disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsThis cohort study used health care claims and oral health screening data to identify participants with PD or DM and followed them for 1 year to assess their HCE. PD and DM were determined based on PD screening and medical claims data,

BackgroundThe study aims to analyze the effectiveness of nonsurgical re‐instrumentation of residual pockets as step 3 of periodontal therapy and the stability of treatment outcomes at 18 months.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 489 patients diagnosed and treated nonsurgically for periodontitis. After a 6‐month evaluation, residual pockets (≥5 mm) were re‐instrumented. A final examination was performed

BackgroundGingivitis, a widely prevalent oral health condition, affects up to 80% of the population. Traditional assessment methods for gingivitis rely heavily on subjective clinical evaluation. This study seeks to explore the efficacy of interpreting the color metrics from intraoral scans to objectively differentiate between healthy and inflamed gingiva.MethodsThis study used the percentage of bleeding

BackgroundPrevious research has indicated a potential connection between smoking and tooth loss, but it remains unclear how the metabolites of nicotine, cotinine (COT) and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine (HC), and the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) affect the occurrence and progress of tooth loss. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and smoking metabolites, then verify

BackgroundCrown cementation is a common technique for implant‐supported prosthodontics. However, for possible slipping of the cement below the mucosal margin, its thorough removal poses some issues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of submucosal cement residues in patients with peri‐implant disease by endoscopic visualization and to investigate the potential correlation between

BackgroundTo investigate the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on the incidence of peri‐implantitis (PI) and peri‐implant mucositis (PIM).MethodsRadiographic and clinical chart reviews were conducted to measure the probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, and marginal bone loss (MBL) around the implants to diagnose peri‐implant diseases based on the 2017 workshop classification. Values were recorded

BackgroundPeriodontitis can induce systemic inflammation, and it may affect the testicles and male reproductive performance. This study investigated the effects of periodontitis on the testicles, reproductive performance, and offspring development in male rats.MethodsMale Wistar rats were induced with periodontitis by ligating their first molars. After 14 days of inducing periodontal lesions, the animals

BackgroundIntrinsic apoptosis plays a critical role in immune defense and inflammation. Its dysregulation is involved in various chronic diseases. The B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) family primarily mediates this mitochondrial pathway. This study aimed to investigate the proapoptotic Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax) and antiapoptotic B‐cell lymphoma‐extra large (Bcl‐xl) levels and their association with

BackgroundThe relationship between humans and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a persistent concern due to their widespread sources and high evaporation rates. However, there is currently limited direct evidence linking VOC exposure to the development of periodontitis.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study analyzed 1525 participants and 21 urinary VOCs in the National Health and Nutrition Examination

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the role of fibulin‐3 (FBLN3) in macrophage polarization, its mechanism, and its effect on periodontitis.MethodsWe conducted studies on periodontitis using both clinical samples and ligature‐induced mouse periodontitis model. The inflammatory state was assessed using microcomputed tomography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence

BackgroundThere is limited evidence on the effect of osseodensification drilling (OD) on alveolar ridge dimension changes and implant stability compared to standard drilling (SD). The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of both drilling protocols on ridge dimensional changes and implant stability.MethodsFifteen patients were recruited for a total of 20 pairs of implants. Pre‐ and postdrilling

BackgroundAdvanced glycation end products (AGE) and their receptors (RAGE) have been implicated in developing periodontal complications in diabetic patients. This study aimed to identify salivary AGE, RAGE, soluble RAGE (sRAGE), and active‐matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8) levels at varying glycemic levels in periodontitis patients.MethodsNinety‐eight participants were categorized into uncontrolled

BackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate changes in intranetwork functional connectivity (FC) and internetwork FC in middle‐aged and elderly individuals with normal cognition (NC) and varying degrees of periodontitis to determine the effects of periodontitis on brain function.MethodsPeriodontal findings and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 51 subjects

BackgroundTo assess the available evidence on whether nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) improves arterial stiffness outcomes in patients with periodontitis (PD).MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) question, electronic databases were screened for

BackgroundTo evaluate the effects of artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted dental monitoring (DM) with and without health counseling on the treatment outcomes and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with periodontitis.MethodsPatients with periodontitis were randomly assigned to either an AI group (AI group, n = 28), an AI and health counseling group (AIHC group, n = 27), or a control

BackgroundPeriodontitis arises from a multifaceted interplay of environmental variables and genetic susceptibility, where microbial infection plays an indispensable part. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) exposure has long been considered associated with periodontitis activity; however, the causal relationship and genetic connection between them remain unknown.MethodsWithin a life‐course context, our study

BackgroundTo investigate tooth‐related factors that influence pocket closure (PC) and the reduction of pocket probing depths (PPD) after nonsurgical re‐instrumentation (NSRI) as part of step 3 therapy.MethodsA total of 480 patients (10,807 teeth) presenting with residual pockets 6.33 ± 3.79 months after steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy were included and retrospectively analyzed before and 5.93

BackgroundGiven the link between chronic inflammation and periodontal pathologies and increased cardiovascular risk, this study aims to investigate if gingivitis exacerbates the inflammatory response and subclinical atherosclerotic markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsFor this case–control study, women were assigned to three groups: two PCOS groups (with and without gingivitis)

BackgroundThe use of the operating microscope (OM) for extraction and alveolar ridge augmentation (ARP) is increasing due to enhanced magnification and illumination. The primary objective was to compare the wound healing and crestal bone quality after the use of OM and dental loupes (DL) for ARP.MethodsForty non‐molar teeth with periapical lesions in need of extraction and ARP from 33 patients were

BackgroundThe purpose of this randomized, cross‐over trial was to determine if a preoperative dose of dexamethasone administered submucosally is as effective as intravenous (IV) dexamethasone in reducing pain, swelling, and analgesic consumption after periodontal flap surgery.MethodsThirty‐nine patients planned for two similar flap surgeries under IV sedation were included. Before the first surgery

BackgroundEmerging concerns link periodontitis to an array of cancers, notably thyroid cancer, though investigations into these associations are still in the nascent stages. This population‐based study aimed to investigate the association of thyroid cancer with chronic periodontitis using Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2010 (LHID2010).MethodsThis case‐control study utilized LHID2010

BackgroundBidirectional positive relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been recognized, interleukin 17 (IL‐17) and developmental endothelial locus‐1 (Del‐1) are proposed to play roles in periodontitis and T2DM. This study aims to investigate the association of IL‐17 and Del‐1 in patients with periodontitis with and without T2DM by measuring their salivary levels

BackgroundB‐cell‑specific Moloney MLV insertion site‐1(Bmi‐1)is a crucial osteopenic target molecule. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of Bmi‐1 on alveolar bone resorption and the underlying mechanisms in vitro and vivo.MethodsA Bmi‐1‐knockout (Bmi‐1−/−) mouse model was used to investigate the effect of Bmi‐1 on alveolar bone metabolism, with micro‐computed tomography imaging, histology

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between vitamin D deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) across various periodontal health and disease statuses.MethodsA total of 200 volunteers were divided into two groups according to serum vitamin D concentration (25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL and 25(OH)D ≥ 10 ng/mL). Periodontal

BackgroundBehçet's disease (BD) pathogenesis involves severe outcomes such as blindness, central nervous system manifestations, and deep venous thrombosis that impacts systemic and local inflammatory changes. We tested the hypothesis that BD negatively affects gingival health and increases the severity of gingivitis.MethodsThe study included 37 BD patients with gingivitis without any sign of periodontitis

BackgroundThe polarization of macrophages into an anti‐inflammatory phenotype is crucial for resolving periodontal inflammation. It has been reported that B10 cells can regulate the immune response of macrophages during inflammation and are also able to regulate inflammation in periodontitis. However, whether B10 cells’ regulation function in periodontitis is related to macrophage polarization remains

BackgroundLipocalin‐2 (LCN‐2) is an osteokine that suppresses appetite, stimulates insulin secretion, regulates bone remodeling, and is induced by proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this work was to investigate the participation of LCN‐2 in periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by evaluating alveolar bone loss, glycemic control, inflammation, and femur fragility.MethodsA murine model

BackgroundTo assess how the diagnostic reproducibility of the 2018 Classification of Gingival Recession Defects (GRD) could be applied when comparing in‐person chairside measurements with photographic measurements.MethodsThirty‐four GRD were photographed and evaluated by 4 masked operators. For each case, the operators measured twice recession type (RT), recession depth (RD), keratinized tissue width

BackgroundThis study aimed to analyze the influence of concave and cylindrical abutments on peri‐implant soft tissue. Dimensions, collagen fiber orientation, and immunohistochemical data were assessed.MethodsA multicenter, split‐mouth, double‐blind randomized clinical trial was conducted. Two groups were analyzed: cylindrical abutments and concave abutments. After a 12‐week healing period, peri‐implant

BackgroundTo compare the efficacy of combined treatment of Er:YAG laser (ERL) and low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) with single laser applications, and scaling and root planing (SRP) for non‐surgical periodontal treatment.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial, 25 non‐smoking Stage II or Stage III periodontitis patients were recruited. The four intraoral quadrants were randomly assigned to four different

BackgroundThis study investigated the effect of a 4‐week free‐sugar avoidance on periodontal parameters during periodontal therapy.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with untreated periodontitis and daily free‐sugar intake were allocated to a sugar avoidance group (SAG) and a control group (CG). The SAG received a 45‐min dietary consultation and was instructed to avoid free sugars during the following 4 weeks

BackgroundIt is unclear whether an intact buccal bony plate is a prerequisite for immediate implant placement in postextraction sockets. The aim of this 10‐year randomized controlled trial was to compare peri‐implant soft and hard tissue parameters, esthetic ratings of, and patient‐reported satisfaction with immediate implant placement in postextraction sockets with buccal bony defects ≥5 mm in the

BackgroundThis study investigated the agreement among dentists in classifying gingival phenotype (GP) through periodontal probe visibility (PPV) assessment with various probe types and the visual method. Additionally, the relationship between GP classifications and gingival thickness (GT) was evaluated.MethodsPhotographs were taken with standard periodontal probe (SPP), color‐coded periodontal probe

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the pan‐immune‐inflammation value (PIV) and periodontitis based on a large national survey.MethodsIn the present cross‐sectional study, data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014, which included a total of 10,300 participants. The categorization of periodontitis was based on the 2017

BackgroundRe‐implantation of failed implants is common to maintain the original prosthetic plan; however, it may not always be ideal due to various factors. Few studies have thoroughly investigated the outcomes of re‐implanted implants, while considering factors that can enhance their survival rates. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the risk factors that may contribute to the refailure of implants

BackgroundThe Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is a comprehensive metric that assesses the state of a person's oxidative balance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the oxidative balance score and moderate and severe periodontitis in a representative sample of Korean adults.MethodsHealthcare big data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018)

BackgroundChlorhexidine (CHX)‐based mouth rinses are frequently prescribed following periodontal surgeries. A more recently available brand of zinc‐based mouth rinses advertises one of its mouth rinses as a substitute for chlorhexidine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effects of this brand of zinc‐based mouth rinses on cell survival, cell motility, and gene expression of human

BackgroundCellular cementum (CC) includes cementocytes, cells suspected to regulate CC formation or resorption as osteocytes do in bone. Sclerostin (SOST) is a secreted negative regulator of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling expressed by osteocytes and cementocytes. Osteocyte SOST expression reduces bone formation. We investigated the functional importance of SOST in CC compared with alveolar bone (AB) using

BackgroundTo compare bone regeneration and dimensional alteration of alveolar ridge at intact and damaged extraction sockets after alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) and implant placement versus unassisted socket healing followed by guided bone regeneration (GBR) with simultaneous implant placement.MethodsIn 6 beagle dogs, 3 types of extraction sockets in the mandible were created: (1) intact sockets