BackgroundThe polarization of macrophages into an anti‐inflammatory phenotype is crucial for resolving periodontal inflammation. It has been reported that B10 cells can regulate the immune response of macrophages during inflammation and are also able to regulate inflammation in periodontitis. However, whether B10 cells’ regulation function in periodontitis is related to macrophage polarization remains

BackgroundLipocalin‐2 (LCN‐2) is an osteokine that suppresses appetite, stimulates insulin secretion, regulates bone remodeling, and is induced by proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this work was to investigate the participation of LCN‐2 in periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by evaluating alveolar bone loss, glycemic control, inflammation, and femur fragility.MethodsA murine model

BackgroundTo assess how the diagnostic reproducibility of the 2018 Classification of Gingival Recession Defects (GRD) could be applied when comparing in‐person chairside measurements with photographic measurements.MethodsThirty‐four GRD were photographed and evaluated by 4 masked operators. For each case, the operators measured twice recession type (RT), recession depth (RD), keratinized tissue width

BackgroundThis study aimed to analyze the influence of concave and cylindrical abutments on peri‐implant soft tissue. Dimensions, collagen fiber orientation, and immunohistochemical data were assessed.MethodsA multicenter, split‐mouth, double‐blind randomized clinical trial was conducted. Two groups were analyzed: cylindrical abutments and concave abutments. After a 12‐week healing period, peri‐implant

BackgroundTo compare the efficacy of combined treatment of Er:YAG laser (ERL) and low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) with single laser applications, and scaling and root planing (SRP) for non‐surgical periodontal treatment.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial, 25 non‐smoking Stage II or Stage III periodontitis patients were recruited. The four intraoral quadrants were randomly assigned to four different

BackgroundThis study investigated the effect of a 4‐week free‐sugar avoidance on periodontal parameters during periodontal therapy.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with untreated periodontitis and daily free‐sugar intake were allocated to a sugar avoidance group (SAG) and a control group (CG). The SAG received a 45‐min dietary consultation and was instructed to avoid free sugars during the following 4 weeks

BackgroundIt is unclear whether an intact buccal bony plate is a prerequisite for immediate implant placement in postextraction sockets. The aim of this 10‐year randomized controlled trial was to compare peri‐implant soft and hard tissue parameters, esthetic ratings of, and patient‐reported satisfaction with immediate implant placement in postextraction sockets with buccal bony defects ≥5 mm in the

BackgroundThis study investigated the agreement among dentists in classifying gingival phenotype (GP) through periodontal probe visibility (PPV) assessment with various probe types and the visual method. Additionally, the relationship between GP classifications and gingival thickness (GT) was evaluated.MethodsPhotographs were taken with standard periodontal probe (SPP), color‐coded periodontal probe

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the pan‐immune‐inflammation value (PIV) and periodontitis based on a large national survey.MethodsIn the present cross‐sectional study, data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014, which included a total of 10,300 participants. The categorization of periodontitis was based on the 2017

BackgroundRe‐implantation of failed implants is common to maintain the original prosthetic plan; however, it may not always be ideal due to various factors. Few studies have thoroughly investigated the outcomes of re‐implanted implants, while considering factors that can enhance their survival rates. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the risk factors that may contribute to the refailure of implants

BackgroundThe Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is a comprehensive metric that assesses the state of a person's oxidative balance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the oxidative balance score and moderate and severe periodontitis in a representative sample of Korean adults.MethodsHealthcare big data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018)

BackgroundChlorhexidine (CHX)‐based mouth rinses are frequently prescribed following periodontal surgeries. A more recently available brand of zinc‐based mouth rinses advertises one of its mouth rinses as a substitute for chlorhexidine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effects of this brand of zinc‐based mouth rinses on cell survival, cell motility, and gene expression of human

BackgroundCellular cementum (CC) includes cementocytes, cells suspected to regulate CC formation or resorption as osteocytes do in bone. Sclerostin (SOST) is a secreted negative regulator of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling expressed by osteocytes and cementocytes. Osteocyte SOST expression reduces bone formation. We investigated the functional importance of SOST in CC compared with alveolar bone (AB) using

BackgroundTo compare bone regeneration and dimensional alteration of alveolar ridge at intact and damaged extraction sockets after alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) and implant placement versus unassisted socket healing followed by guided bone regeneration (GBR) with simultaneous implant placement.MethodsIn 6 beagle dogs, 3 types of extraction sockets in the mandible were created: (1) intact sockets

BackgroundWith recent advances in artificial intelligence, the use of this technology has begun to facilitate comprehensive tissue evaluation and planning of interventions. This study aimed to assess different convolutional neural networks (CNN) in deep learning algorithms to detect keratinized gingiva based on intraoral photos and evaluate the ability of networks to measure keratinized gingiva width

BackgroundPeriodontitis is primarily driven by subgingival biofilm dysbiosis. However, the quantification and impact of this periodontal dysbiosis on other oral microbial niches remain unclear. This study seeks to quantify the dysbiotic changes in tongue and salivary microbiomes resulting from periodontitis by applying a clinically relevant dysbiosis index to an integrated data analysis.MethodsThe

BackgroundThis study compared titanium and zirconia implant ligature‐induced peri‐implant defect progression and response to regenerative surgical intervention.MethodsEight tissue‐level endosseous implants were placed in 6 mixed‐breed foxhounds, with 2 zirconia and 2 titanium alternating in each hemimandible. Cotton ligatures were placed subgingivally for 16 weeks followed by 8 weeks of spontaneous

BackgroundSubgingival dental plaque is an ecosystem playing a key role in supporting both oral health and systemic health. Menopause‐related changes have the potential to disrupt its balance, which is crucial to postmenopausal well‐being. Our study explored how circulating estradiol levels correlate with subgingival microbial composition using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization in premenopausal and

BackgroundExcess weight (EW), especially in women of childbearing age, those who are pregnant, as well as postpartum, is a problem worldwide. Fat accumulation deregulates the inflammatory response, contributing to the development of health problems, such as periodontitis. This study investigated the association between EW and periodontitis during pregnancy.MethodsA cross‐sectional, multicenter study

BackgroundAlthough several studies have demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic periodontitis, few studies have reported that NAFLD causes chronic periodontitis, especially in the Asian population.MethodsThis study was conducted on 129,087 individuals, and the NAFLD score was assessed using the Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Hepatic Steatosis

BackgroundThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been studied as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that can identify bacterial pigments. To identify a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis, we investigated the expression of AhR in periodontitis and its role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.MethodsFirst, we analyzed AhR expression in a single‐cell dataset from human periodontal

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by rapid renal decline. Periodontitis, a chronic oral inflammatory disease, is increasingly associated with renal dysfunction. Although periodontitis is recognized as a contributor to kidney damage, the mechanisms linking it to AKI remain unclear.MethodsThis study explored the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) W83‐infected periodontitis

BackgroundPeriodontal diseases are associated with dysbiosis in the oral microbial communities. Managing oral biofilms is therefore key for preventing these diseases. Management protocols often include over‐the‐counter antimicrobial mouth rinses, which lack data on their effects on the oral microbiome's ecology, bacterial composition, metabolic activity, and dysbiosis resilience. This study examined

BackgroundThis randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms and a 1:1 allocation ratio aimed to compare early microvascular healing (primary outcome), surgical times, and patient‐reported outcomes (PROM) after harvesting palatal epithelialized gingival grafts (EGG), where hemostasis was achieved with sutures and hemostatic sponges (control) or with a sutureless approach (test).MethodsFrom a total

BackgroundDiabetes is one of the major inflammatory comorbidities of periodontitis via 2‐way interactions. Cystathionine γ‐lyase (CTH) is a pivotal endogenous enzyme synthesizing hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and CTH/H2S is crucially implicated in modulating inflammation in various diseases. This study aimed to explore the potential role of CTH in experimental periodontitis under a hyperglycemic condition

BackgroundThe composite outcome measure (COM) more comprehensively assesses the clinical efficacy of regenerative surgery than a single probing measurement. We aimed to assess long‐term success defined by the COM (clinical attachment level [CAL] gain of ≥3 mm and postsurgery probing pocket depth [PPD] ≤ 4 mm) and influencing factors of regenerative surgery using bone substitutes and resorbable collagen

BackgroundRecent studies suggest a role for microscopic crystalline particles of residual dental calculus in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The purpose of this ex vivo study was to compare the effectiveness of scaling and root planing (SRP) alone versus SRP combined with 24% ethylenediamine‐tetra acetic acid (EDTA) gel in removing calculus from extracted teeth and to determine the optimal length

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of preloading crestal bone loss (PLCBL) and to identify the patient‐related and implant‐related factors associated with PLCBL.MethodsThis retrospective cohort examined the dental records of patients who received at least one dental implant. PLCBL was defined as a reduction ⩾0.5 mm and severe PLCBL (primary variable) as a reduction ⩾1.5 mm

BackgroundThe present cross‐sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the periodontal and microbiological parameters in patients with surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) undergoing orthodontic correction in comparison to patients without any cleft or orthodontic treatment.MethodsA total of 120 patients, out of initial 148 patients, between the age group 6 and 18 years were enrolled

BackgroundBacterial‐induced inflammation instigates the destruction of hard and soft tissues surrounding teeth in periodontitis. In severe cases, the increased number and activity of osteoclasts induces the resorption of alveolar bones, ultimately leading to tooth loss. Because of their diverse chemical structures and bioactivities, natural compounds are often suggested to treat a wide variety of diseases

Background: The treatment of leprosy reactions (LRs) involves thalidomide, corticosteroids, and other immunomodulatory medications. This study evaluated the effect of these treatments on the association between periodontitis and LRs, as well as factors associated with LRs.Methods: This case–control study was conducted on 283 individuals followed at a leprosy outpatient clinic in Brazil. The case group

BackgroundThis study was designed to test the hypothesis that the leptin receptor (LepR) regulates changes in periodontal tissues and that the overexpression of the receptor for resolvin E1 (ERV1) prevents age‐ and diabetes‐associated alveolar bone loss.MethodsLepR‐deficient transgenic (TG) mice were cross‐bred with those overexpressing ERV1 (TG) to generate double‐TG mice. In total, 95 mice were divided

BackgroundTo explore the correlation between short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) and peri‐implant diseases.MethodsPISF samples were obtained from implants that have been placed for at least 5 years, and peri‐implant clinical parameters were examined. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography were used to detect SCFAs in PISF

BACKGROUND To date, the clinical evidence regarding the effectiveness of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) in restricting alveolar bone height and width change after extraction at periodontally compromised molar extraction sockets still remains controversial. This retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate the effect of ARP in molars extracted for periodontal reasons. METHODS Retrospective data were

BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that periodontitis contributes to systemic low-grade inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with periodontitis, and antibodies against the bacterium may be used as a serological proxy to account for periodontal status, when studying diseases associated with periodontitis. The aim of the present study is to identify an easily accessible

BACKGROUND The primary purpose of this two-arm, parallel design, randomized controlled study is to compare healing of the palatal tissue donor site when platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is used as a wound dressing compared to the use of a hemostatic agent. Secondary outcomes of patient pain perception and analgesic intake were also evaluated. METHODS Seventy-four patients receiving free gingival grafts were

BACKGROUND Implant surface decontamination is a critical step in peri-implantitis treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the effect chemotherapeutic agents have on reosseointegration after treatment on ligature-inducted peri-implantitis. METHODS Six male canines had 36 implants placed and ligatures were placed around them for 28 weeks to establish peri-implantitis. The peri-implant defects

BACKGROUND This study compared the progression of experimental peri-implantitis between alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) and spontaneous healing (SH) sites in infected (IT) and noninfected tooth (NIT). METHODS Bilateral mandibular third or fourth premolars of six beagle dogs were randomly assigned to IT and NIT groups. Before extraction, chronic dehiscence defects were created at the mesial root of

BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between breakfast skipping and periodontitis and the mediating role of sugar and lipid metabolism and systemic inflammation in this association using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018. METHODS This study included 11,953 participants, representing an estimated 33.9 million people. Complex sample logistic

BACKGROUND Prolonged inflammation and oxidative stress can impede healing. To enhance healing efficiency, many solutions have been employed. This is an in vivo study comparing chlorhexidine (CHX) to a commercial antioxidant gel (AO). METHODS Envelope flaps were created in the lower incisor gingival region of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats, and acellular dermal matrix (ADM) was inserted. Animals were randomly

BACKGOUND The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess clinical and patient-reported outcomes of subgingival instrumentation (SI) with adjunctive use of erythritol airflowing (EAF) compared to SI alone in the treatment of periodontitis. METHODS Twenty-six participants with Stage III/IV periodontitis requiring nonsurgical periodontal treatment were randomly allocated into two treatment

BackgroundThis study evaluated the influence of the adjunctive application of a cross‐linked hyaluronic acid (HA) in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions, using a modified coronally advanced tunnel (MCAT) technique and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) (MCAT+SCTG±HA).MethodsA randomized, split‐mouth, double‐masked comparison of the effects of MCAT+HA+SCTG (test) versus MCAT+SCTG

BackgroundBone readiness for implant placement is typically evaluated by bone quality/density on 2‐dimensional radiographs and cone beam computed tomography at an arbitrary time between 3 and 6 months after tooth extraction and alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). The aim of this study is to investigate if high‐frequency ultrasound (US) can classify bone readiness in humans, using micro‐CT as a reference

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between peri‐implant diseases and systemic inflammation assessed by serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels in a sample of patients with hypertension.MethodsA total of 151 participants with hypertension were included in a cross‐sectional study. The population was divided into six groups according to their peri‐implant and periodontal

BackgroundThe aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the risk of tooth loss for teeth adjacent and nonadjacent to dental implants.MethodsA total of 787 patients with an average follow‐up of 57.1 months were examined to define the tooth loss, cumulative survival rate, and odds ratio (OR) for teeth adjacent versus nonadjacent to implants. A multivariate logistic regression was employed to

BackgroundMalondialdehyde–acetaldehyde (MAA) adducts lead to generation of anti‐MAA autoantibodies and have been independently identified in inflamed periodontal and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) tissues. This study evaluates serum samples from RA cases and osteoarthritis (OA) controls to quantify associations between periodontal clinical measures, alveolar bone loss (ABL), and anti‐Porphyromonas gingivalis

BackgroundTeeth and supporting oral tissues are attractive and accessible sources of stem cells. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) are readily isolated from extracted third molars, and exhibit the ability to self‐renew and differentiate into multiple mesodermal cell fates. Clinical experience suggests that the exact location of periodontal defects affects the oral bone remodeling and wound healing

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the immune regulation and tissue remodeling responses during experimental gingivitis (EG) and naturally occurring gingivitis (NG) to provide a comprehensive analysis of host responses. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was obtained from 2 human studies conducted in university settings.MethodsThe EG study enrolling 26 volunteers provided controls for the

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests the type of periodontal treatment could differentially influence the reduction of key cardiovascular risk mediators in periodontitis patients. This randomized, controlled clinical trial compared the impact of minimally invasive non‐surgical therapy (MINST) with quadrant‐wise subgingival instrumentation (Q‐SI) on C‐reactive protein (CRP) together with lipoprotein‐associated

BackgroundGingivitis is the most common form of periodontal disease among children and adolescents and is associated with disrupted host–microbiome homeostasis. Family is an important factor influencing the prevalence of gingivitis. In the present study, we investigated the salivary microbiome, oral hygiene habits, and the salivary level of myeloid‐related protein (MRP)‐8/14 in children aged 7–12 years

BackgroundStudies on the impact of intermittent fasting on periodontal health are still scarce. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of long‐term intermittent fasting on periodontal health and the subgingival microbiota.MethodsThis pilot study was part of a nonrandomized controlled trial. Overweight/obese participants (n = 14) entered an intermittent fasting program, specifically the 5:2 diet, in

BackgroundPeriodontal diseases (PD) have been increasingly associated with several systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to gain insight into patients’ awareness of the association between PD and systemic diseases.MethodsA survey was developed to analyze patient awareness of the association

BackgroundThe bidirectional link of periodontitis (PD) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders has been investigated in previous epidemiological studies; however, the conclusions still remain controversial. The aim of this study was to comprehensively explore the bidirectional causal effect between PD and various GIT diseases.MethodsBased on summary‐level data of genome‐wide association studies

BackgroundTo compare acceptance and preference of topical lidocaine gel anesthesia with articaine injection anesthesia in patients with moderate periodontitis undergoing scaling and root debridement.MethodsNinety‐one patients completed this randomized multicenter split‐mouth controlled study and underwent two separate periodontal treatment sessions on different days, one with a topical intrapocket