Bacteriophages are considered ideal vaccine platforms owing to their safety, intrinsic adjuvant properties, stability, and low‐cost production. One of the best strategies to prevent brucellosis in humans and animals is vaccination. For several years, researchers have dedicated their efforts to enhance the effectiveness and safety of the Brucella vaccine. This study was designed to evaluate the immunogenicity

Tissue engineering provides a promising avenue for treating meniscus defects. In this study, a novel polycaprolactone (PCL)/collagen type I (COL I) meniscus scaffold was fabricated using low temperature deposition manufacturing (LDM) 3D printing technology. The scaffold had a ring and radial fiber structure, and its composition and structure were double bionic of the natural meniscus. In vitro experiments

The Global Initiative on Artificial Intelligence for Health (GI-AI4H), established by the World Health Organization, serves to harmonize governance standards for artificial intelligence (AI). The GI-AI4H spearheads novel on-the-ground efforts, especially in low- and middle-income countries, to advance ethical, regulatory, implementation, and operational dimensions of global governance for health AI

BackgroundIgE‐mediated fish allergy has long been considered an umbrella term due to the high cross‐reactivity of parvalbumin, the major fish allergen. Yet, clinical tolerance to certain fish highlights allergenicity differences. In this study, we sought to construct a fish allergenicity ladder and identify fish parvalbumin epitopes to improve the diagnosis of fish allergy.MethodsReported clinical

BackgroundPeanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) has shown effectiveness in achieving desensitization of children; however, evidence in adults is lacking.MethodsThis phase II trial evaluated peanut OIT in peanut‐allergic adults using real‐world peanut products. A Simon's minimax two‐stage design, incorporating a stop:go for futility, was employed. A separate untreated control group was also recruited for

Mucolipidosis II (MLII) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in GNPTAB and loss of mannose 6-phosphate-dependent targeting of lysosomal enzymes. Affected children exhibit cognitive deficits, skeletal dysplasia and cardio-pulmonary disease with death typically occurring before ten. A naturally occurring feline model of MLII results from a nonsense mutation in GNPTAB; cats develop elevated

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, cartilage damage and bone erosion. Despite improvements with the introduction of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), RA remains an incurable life-lasting disease. Advancements in peptide-based vaccination may open new avenues for treating autoimmune diseases, including RA, by inducing

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based gene therapies have seen extraordinary progress since their initial conception, now fundamentally transforming the treatment paradigms for various inherited hematologic, immunologic and metabolic conditions - with additional use cases under exploration. Decades worth of work with advances in viral vector technologies and cell manufacturing have paved the way for

The immune checkpoint protein, CD112 receptor (CD112R, also known as PVRIG), suppresses T and NK cell activation upon binding to tumor-expressed CD112 (Nectin-2) ligands. Here, we determine the structure of the CD112-CD112R complex and use it to guide the engineering of multiple CD112-targeting immunotherapy candidates. The 2.2 Å-resolution crystal structure reveals an antiparallel, lock-and-key binding

Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered NK cells hold promise for adoptive cancer immunotherapy. In one such approach, the ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cell line NK-92/5.28.z is under investigation as an off-the-shelf therapy in a phase I trial in glioblastoma patients. To evaluate activity of NK-92/5.28.z cells against ErbB2-positive breast cancer, here we developed an organoid model derived from CKP

Adoptive cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has demonstrated great potential for patients with treatment-refractory metastatic melanoma. However, the need for interleukin 2 (IL2) co-administration during TIL cell therapy limits patient eligibility and restricts treatment to intensive care units due to the risk of severe side effects. Instead, engineering TIL with membrane-bound

AAV-based gene therapy has been used to treat thousands of patients, but a limitation can be inefficient transgene expression from AAV vectors. AAV transduction can be affected by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) system, in which SUMO proteins are attached to proteins after translation, thereby modulating their function and stability. However, to date, practical modulators of SUMOylation to

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are leading vectors for in vivo human gene therapy. An integral vector element are promoters, which control transgene expression in either a ubiquitous or cell-type-selective manner. Identifying optimal capsid-promoter combinations is challenging, especially when considering on- versus off-target expression. Here, we report a pipeline for in vivo promoter

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have emerged as key regulators in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases. This review explores recent advancements in HDAC research, focusing on their role in kidney development and their critical involvement in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and diabetic kidney disease

Hemophilia, a congenital bleeding disorder, can cause arthropathy, impaired mobility, pain, and life-threatening hemorrhage events, significantly impacting quality of life for patients and caregivers. Current therapies, although effective, necessitate costly lifelong treatment, often in specialized settings. However, as a monogenic disorder caused by loss-of-function genetic variants, hemophilia is

Recently, a genomic language model (gLM) with 40 billion parameters known as Evo2 has reached the same scale as the most powerful text large language models (LLMs). gLMs have been emerging as powerful tools to decode DNA sequences over the last five years. This article examines the emergence of gLMs and highlights Evo2 as a milestone in genomic language modeling, assessing both the scientific promise

BackgroundRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are living drugs with feasibility, tolerability, and therapeutic benefits. Although Tregs are linked to asthma prognosis through inflammation regulation, no therapeutic agents specifically designed to manage asthma by upregulating Tregs have been developed to date.MethodsWe screened a library of 250 natural products using a cytometric bead array. Among the selected

BackgroundHereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease characterized by unpredictable, frequently severe swelling that negatively impacts patients' quality of life (QoL). In the phase III OASIS‐HAE study (NCT05139810), donidalorsen reduced HAE attack rate, increased disease control, and improved QoL. Here, we report further analysis of donidalorsen's impact on QoL and other patient‐reported outcomes

Advances in nucleic acid delivery have positioned the liver as a key target for gene therapy, with adeno-associated virus vectors showing long-term effectiveness in treating hemophilia. Steatotic liver disease (SLD), the most common liver condition globally, primarily results from metabolic dysfunction-associated and alcohol-associated liver diseases. In some individuals, SLD progresses from simple

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived insulin-producing β cell therapy shows promise in treating type 1 diabetes (T1D) and potentially type 2 diabetes (T2D). Understanding the genetic factors controlling hiPSC differentiation could optimize this therapy. In this study, we investigated the role of glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) in human β cell development by generating HSP90B1/GRP94