Objective Emerging evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting health behaviors such as medication adherence. The objective of this study was to determine whether adherence to ocular hypotensive medication was affected by the pandemic and to identify factors associated with this change. Design In this cohort study, we used a controlled interrupted time series design in which the interruption

According to a national claims database, remote retinal imaging utilization in the U.S. increased rapidly from 2011 to 2020, but insurance coverage declined, with disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations including older, Black, and lower-income patients.

Purpose To identify if non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is associated with a greater risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, hospitalization, and death. Design A retrospective cohort study from January 20, 2020 to December 31, 2020 using a national claims-based database. Participants Enrollees who had continuous enrollment with both medical and pharmacy coverage for three years prior to

This 8-year cross-sectional study of AAO Annual Meeting presenters revealed significant associations between the extent of physician-industry relationships, KOL status, and program visibility of speakers, encouraging further research into the programmatic significance of those associations.

Purpose To assess baseline ocular biometric risk factors for progression from primary angle closure suspect (PACS) to primary angle closure (PAC) or acute angle closure (AAC). Design Prospective observational study. Participants 643 mainland Chinese aged 50 to 70 years with untreated PACS. Methods Participants received baseline clinical examinations including gonioscopy, anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT)

Purpose (1) To compare the efficacy of continued and stopping treatment for 0.05%, 0.025% and 0.01% atropine during the third year. (2) To evaluate the efficacy of continued treatment over 3 years. (3) To investigate the rebound phenomenon and its determinants after cessation of treatment. Design A randomized, double-masked extended trial Participants 350 of 438 children aged 4–12 years originally

We summarize venture capital investment into ophthalmology companies from 2011 to 2021 and quantify early-stage investments in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, surgical devices, and diagnostic equipment. We describe the companies and investors most active in ophthalmologic innovation.

This study quantifies the performance of an international cohort of cornea specialists in image-based differentiation of bacterial and fungal keratitis, identifying significant regional variation and establishing a reference standard for comparison against machine learning models.

Purpose Evaluate differences in eyecare utilization among glaucoma patients by race and socioeconomic status (SES). Design Retrospective cohort study. Subjects Representative 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries >65 years with continuous part A/B enrollment between 1/1/2014 and 7/1/2014, at least one diagnosis code for glaucoma within that period, and a glaucoma diagnosis in the Chronic Conditions Warehouse

Purpose To describe the natural course, phenotype and genotype of patients with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS). Design Retrospective cohort study. Participants Three hundred forty patients with XLRS from 178 presumably unrelated families. Methods This multicenter, retrospective cohort study reviewed medical records of XLRS patients for medical history, symptoms, visual acuity (VA), ophthalmoscopy, full-field

Objective To develop and evaluate the performance of a three-dimensional deep-learning based automated digital gonioscopy system (3D DGS) in detecting two major characteristics in eyes suspected to have primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG): 1) narrow iridocorneal angles (static gonioscopy, Task I) and; 2) peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) (dynamic gonioscopy, Task II) on optical coherence tomography

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Port Delivery System with ranibizumab (PDS) for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Design Phase 3, open-label, randomized, visual acuity assessor–masked noninferiority (NI) and equivalence trial. Participants Patients with nAMD diagnosed within 9 months of screening previously treated with and responsive to anti-vascular

Objective We hypothesized that the effect of blood lipid-related metabolites on POAG would differ according to specific lipoprotein particles and lipid sub-fractions. We thus investigated the associations of blood levels of lipoprotein particles and lipid sub-fractions with POAG. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Individuals recruited for the baseline visit of the population-based Singapore

Objective To analyze the incidence of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) after inciting events (eye trauma or intraocular surgery). Design Retrospective cohort study. Subjects Patients undergoing inciting events between 2012 and 2019. Onset of SO was defined as the first date of SO diagnosis. Methods A nationwide administrative claims database in Japan was used. We calculated the cumulative incidence of SO

Importance Approximately 8 million Americans self-report vision loss and blindness (VL), potentially resulting in a significant economic burden. Objective Estimate the economic burden of VL in the US and by state. Design Analysis of secondary data sources (American Community Survey (ACS), American Time Use Survey, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), National and State

Purpose To determine the national incidence and risk factors associated with developing endophthalmitis following cataract surgery in the United States. Design Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis. Subjects Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years undergoing cataract surgery between 2011-2019 Methods Medicare fee-for-service claims were used to identify all patients who underwent at least one cataract

Purpose Multiple eye-preserving treatments have been widely used in China for the last 15 years, however, controversy remains on using eye-preserving therapies for advanced retinoblastoma (The International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification: groups D and E). This study attempts to estimate the impact of eye-preserving therapies for the long-term prognosis of advanced retinoblastoma with regard

Purpose Digital therapeutics are a new class of interventions that are software-driven and intended to treat various conditions. We developed and evaluated a dichoptic digital therapeutic for amblyopia, a neurodevelopmental disorder for which current treatments may be limited by poor adherence and residual vision deficits. Design Randomized controlled trial. Subjects, Participants, and/or Controls

The uniocular visual fields of phakic eyes were compared to binocular fields of patients post unilateral congenital cataract lensectomy. Despite poor visual acuity outcomes, unilateral cataract removal is important in improving the binocular visual field.

Objective To estimate the effect of achieving target intraocular pressure (IOP) values on visual field (VF) worsening in a treated clinical population. Design Retrospective analysis of longitudinal data. Participants 2,852 eyes of 1,688 patients with glaucoma-related diagnoses treated in a tertiary care practice. All included eyes had at least five reliable VF tests and five IOP measures on separate

Among 3114 children seen at Vanderbilt Eye Institute from 11/1/2017-3/1/2020, the positive predictive value of vision screening to detect Amblyopia Risk Factors was similar for children <3 and for those aged 3-5 years.

IMPORTANCE The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other machine diagnostic systems, also known as Software as a Medical Device (SaMD), and its recent introduction into clinical practice, requires a deeply-rooted foundation in bioethics, for consideration by regulatory agencies and other stakeholders around the globe. OBJECTIVES Initiate a dialogue on the issues to consider when developing

Purpose To investigate the effect of systemic arterial blood pressure (BP) on rates of progressive structural damage over time in glaucoma. Design Retrospective cohort study. Subjects 7,501 eyes of 3,976 subjects with glaucoma or suspected of glaucoma followed over time from the Duke Glaucoma Registry. Methods Linear mixed models were used to investigate the effects of BP on the rates of retinal nerve

Purpose To examine the efficacy of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in subjects diagnosed as primary angle closure suspects (PACS) Design Prospective, randomized controlled trial Participants This multi-center, randomized controlled trial (NCT00347178, Clinical trials.gov) enrolled 480 subjects over the age of 50 years from glaucoma clinics in Singapore with bilateral asymptomatic PACS (defined as

Purpose To review the scientific literature that evaluates the effectiveness of adjustable sutures in the management of strabismus for adult and pediatric patients. Methods Literature searches were performed in the PubMed database through April 2021 with no date limitations and were restricted to publications in English. The searches identified 551 relevant citations, of which 55 were reviewed in full

Purpose To review the evidence on the safety and efficacy of current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intravitreal corticosteroid pharmacotherapies for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods Literature searches were last conducted on May 13, 2020, in the PubMed database with no date restrictions and limited to articles published in English. The combined searches yielded

Purpose To report the prevalence of preschool myopia after implementing a policy intervention promoting outdoor activities and its secular trend before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a Taiwan preschool population. Design Repeated countywide population-based, cross-sectional surveys based on the Yilan Myopia Prevention and Vision Improvement Program (YMVIP). Participants

Eyecare professionals should be aware of Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS), a phenomenon involving visual hallucinations in people with visual impairments. We examined prevalence of CBS among AREDS2 participants and its associations with age-related eye diseases.

We estimated the prevalence by age during childhood of acquired retinal detachment among 387 eyes of 258 children with coloboma. Two eyes (0.78%) of 2 children had acquired retinal detachment, lower than previously reported.

Using spatial technology, our study demonstrated a negative association with green space exposure for myopia based on large-scale cohort analysis. Integrating green space into school planning may help to improve vision health in schoolchildren.

Objective To develop and evaluate an automated, portable algorithm to differentiate active corneal ulcers from healed scars using only external photographs. Design A convolutional neural network was trained and tested using photographs of corneal ulcers and scars. Subjects De-identified photographs of corneal ulcers were obtained from the Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial (SCUT), Mycotic Ulcer Treatment

Purpose To develop and test a multi-modal artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm, FusionNet, using the pattern deviation probability plots (PDPs) from visual field (VF) reports and circular peripapillary optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). Design Cross-sectional study. Subjects A total of 2463 pairs of VF and OCT images from 1083 patients. Methods A novel

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of routinely used tests of visual function and retinal morphology compared to fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) to detect onset of active macular neovascularisation in unaffected fellow eyes of patients with unilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Design Prospective diagnostic accuracy cohort study conducted in 24 eye clinics

Purpose To evaluate the risk factors for retinal tear or detachment associated with acute, symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in a large comprehensive eye care setting. Design Retrospective cohort study. Participants 8305 adult patients in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Healthcare System (KPNC) during calendar year 2018 who met inclusion criteria. Methods The KPNC electronic