The purpose of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Clinical Practice Update is to review the available published evidence and expert advice regarding the clinical management of patients with pregnancy-related gastrointestinal and liver disease. This expert review was commissioned and approved by the AGA Institute Clinical Practice Updates Committee and the AGA Governing Board

Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) damage is a hallmark of celiac disease (CeD); however, its role in gluten-dependent T-cell activation is unknown. We investigated IEC-gluten-T-cell interactions in organoid monolayers expressing human major histocompatibility complex class II (HLA-DQ2.5), which facilitates gluten antigen recognition by CD4 T cells in CeD. Epithelial major histocompatibility complex

The pancreas is composed of endocrine and exocrine parts, and its interlacing structure indicates potential interaction between endocrine and exocrine cells. Although the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been well characterized, the role of pancreatic endocrine cells during carcinogenesis is relatively understudied. We depicted the changes of endocrine cells in

The purpose of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Clinical Practice Update (CPU) is to review the available evidence and provide expert advice regarding the diagnosis and management of cyclic vomiting syndrome. This CPU was commissioned and approved by the AGA Institute Clinical Practice Updates Committee (CPUC) and the AGA Governing Board to provide timely guidance on a

WNT signaling is central to spatial tissue arrangement and regulating stem cell activity, and it represents the hallmark of gastrointestinal cancers. Although its role in driving intestinal tumors is well characterized, WNT’s role in gastric tumorigenesis remains elusive. We have developed mouse models to control the specific expression of an oncogenic form of β-catenin (CTNNB1) in combination with

Homozygous ZZ alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency produces mutant AAT (Z-AAT) proteins in hepatocytes, leading to progressive liver fibrosis. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of an investigational RNA interference therapeutic, fazirsiran, that degrades Z-AAT messenger RNA, reducing deleterious protein synthesis. This ongoing, phase 2 study randomized 40 patients to subcutaneous placebo or fazirsiran

Portal hypertension (PH) is one of the most frequent complications of chronic liver disease. The peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level was increased in cirrhotic patients. We aimed to elucidate the function and mechanism of 5-HT receptor 1A (HTR1A) in the portal vein (PV) on PH. PH models were induced by thioacetamide injection, bile duct ligation, or partial PV ligation. HTR1A expression was

Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are promising tumor avatars that could enable ex vivo drug tests to personalize patients’ treatments in the frame of functional precision oncology. However, clinical evidence remains scarce. This study aims to evaluate whether PDOs can be implemented in clinical practice to benefit patients with advanced refractory pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). During 2021

More than half of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) recur within 12 months after curative-intent resection. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify all reported prognostic factors for early recurrence in resected PDACs. After a systematic literature search, a meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model. Separate analyses were performed for adjusted vs