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Mpox-specific immune responses elicited by vaccination or infection in people living with HIV J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Eva Grüner, Marica Grossegesse, Daniel Stern, Veronica Ober, Tabea M Eser, Gabriele Reiling, Renate Stirner, Gerardo Ibarra, Nils Postel, Raffaele Conca, Christopher Dächert, Alba Grifoni, Alessandro Sette, Johannes Bogner, Ulrich Seybold, Julia Roider
In the recent mpox outbreak, people living with HIV (PLWH) were at high risk both for contracting infection and for suffering a more severe disease course. We studied cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by mpox infection (n = 5; n = 3 PLWH) or smallpox vaccination (n = 17; all PLWH) in a cohort of men who have sex with men. All PLWH were successfully treated, with stable CD4 counts and undetectable
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Safety and Immunogenicity of a Messenger RNA-Based Cytomegalovirus Vaccine in Healthy Adults: Results From a Phase 1, Randomized, Clinical Trial J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Carlos Fierro, Daniel Brune, Marian Shaw, Howard Schwartz, Conor Knightly, Jiang Lin, Andrea Carfi, Andrew Natenshon, Shiva Kalidindi, Caroline Reuter, Jacqueline Miller, Lori Panther
Background This phase 1 trial evaluated the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of mRNA-1647, an mRNA-based cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine, in CMV-seronegative and -seropositive adults. Methods Participants were randomly assigned to receive 30, 90, 180, or 300 µg of mRNA-1647 or placebo on a 0-, 2-, and 6-month schedule and followed for 12 months after the last dose. Results A total of 154 (80
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CD40 Expression by B cells is Required for Optimal Immunity to Murine Pneumocystis Infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Monica Sassi, Shelly J Curran, Lisa R Bishop, Yueqin Liu, Joseph A Kovacs
CD40-CD40L interactions are critical for controlling Pneumocystis infection. However, which CD40-expressing cell populations are important for this interaction have not been well-defined. We used a cohousing mouse model of Pneumocystis infection, combined with flow cytometry and qPCR, to examine the ability of different populations of cells from C57BL/6 mice to reconstitute immunity in CD40 knockout
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Systematic review of household transmission of Strep A: A potential site for prevention that has eluded attention J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Stephanie L Enkel, Samuel Barnes, Jessica Daw, Emma Pearson, Hannah M M Thomas, Nina Lansbury, Rosemary Wyber, Andrew M Redmond, Anna P Ralph, Jonathan R Carapetis, Asha C Bowen
Background Despite being the sixth most common infectious disease globally, transmission of Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) within the household remains an understudied driver of infection. We undertook a systematic review to better understand the transmission of Strep A between people within the home while highlighting opportunities for prevention. Methods A search strategy was applied to five databases
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Patient and immunological factors associated with delayed clearance of mucosal SARS-CoV-2 RNA and symptom persistence J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Mars Stone, Bryan R Spencer, Donald E Warden, Rebecca V Fink, Paula Saa, Jennifer Leddy, Jackie Mulach-Vannoy, Rebecca Townsend, David Krysztof, Alexandria N Hughes, Clara Di Germanio, Debra A Kessler, Steven Kleinman, Michael P Busch, Philip J Norris
Serial blood and mucosal samples were characterized for 102 participants enrolled a median of 7.0 days post-COVID-19 diagnosis. Mucosal RNA was detectable a median 31.5 (95% CI 20.5 - 63.5) days, with persistence ≥1 month associated with obesity (BMI ≥30, OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.2 - 13.8) but not age, sex, or chronic conditions. Fifteen participants had likely reinfection; lower serum anti-S IgG levels were
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Nasal Delivery of Haemophilus haemolyticus Is Safe, Reduces Influenza Severity, and Prevents Development of Otitis Media in Mice J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Naomi Scott, Kelly M Martinovich, Caitlyn M Granland, Elke J Seppanen, M Christian Tjiam, Camilla de Gier, Edison Foo, Kirsty R Short, Keng Yih Chew, Alma Fulurija, Deborah H Strickland, Peter C Richmond, Lea-Ann S Kirkham
Background Despite vaccination, influenza and otitis media (OM) remain leading causes of illness. We previously found that the human respiratory commensal Haemophilus haemolyticus prevents bacterial infection in vitro and that the related murine commensal Muribacter muris delays OM development in mice. The observation that M muris pretreatment reduced lung influenza titer and inflammation suggests
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Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV Type Distribution in Penile Samples in Young Men in Denmark: Results 10 Years After Implementation of a Girls-Only HPV Vaccination Program J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Christian Munk, Kristian Reinholdt, Alexander K Kjaer, Caroline H Hemmingsen, Dorthe Ørnskov, Thomas Iftner, Marianne Waldstrøm, Susanne K Kjaer
Background In Denmark, a girls-only human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program was initiated in 2008–2009. The study aim was to assess the HPV prevalence and type distribution in younger men prior to HPV vaccination in men. Methods The study population was younger men who attended information days regarding military service. At random days (2019–2020), 280 men were included. We collected questionnaire
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Protective Role of NS1-Specific Antibodies in the Immune Response to Dengue Virus through Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Luis A Sanchez-Vargas, Anuja Mathew, Henrik Salje, David Sousa, Nicole A Casale, Aaron Farmer, Darunee Buddhari, Kathryn Anderson, Sopon Iamsirithaworn, Surachai Kaewhiran, Heather Friberg, Jeffrey R Currier, Alan L Rothman
Background Dengue virus (DENV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has multiple functions within infected cells, on the cell surface, and in secreted form, and is highly immunogenic. Immunity from previous DENV infections is known to exert both positive and negative effects on subsequent DENV infections, but the contribution of NS1-specific antibodies to these effects is incompletely understood. Methods
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Impact Of Low-Frequency HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations On Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Rachel Burdorf, Shuntai Zhou, Claire Amon, Nathan Long, Collin S Hill, Lily Adams, Gerald Tegha, Maganizo B Chagomerana, Allan Jumbe, Madalitso Maliwichi, Shaphil Wallie, Yijia Li, Ronald Swanstrom, Mina C Hosseinipour
Background The association between low-frequency HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and treatment failure (TF) is controversial. We explore this association using NGS methods that accurately sample low-frequency DRMs. Methods We enrolled women with HIV-1 in Malawi who were either ART naïve (A), had ART failure (B), or had discontinued ART (C). At entry, A and C began an NNRTI-based regimen and
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Advancing diagnosis of current HCV infection: A key to hepatitis C elimination in the United States J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Saleem Kamili, Carolyn Wester
Over 2 million adults have hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States, and new infections continue to increase. Without treatment, HCV infection can lead to advanced liver disease and death. Treatment is recommended for nearly everyone with hepatitis C, resulting in a cure in >95% of people treated and raising the possibility of hepatitis C elimination. Testing is the first step to accessing
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Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on viral respiratory infections: a systematic literature review J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Ingrid T Sepúlveda-Pachón, Eileen M Dunne, Germaine Hanquet, Marc Baay, Sonia Menon, Luis Jodar, Bradford D Gessner, Christian Theilacker
Background In addition to preventing pneumococcal disease, emerging evidence indicates that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) might indirectly reduce viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) by affecting pneumococcal-viral interactions. Methods We performed a systematic review of interventional and observational studies published during 2000-2022 on vaccine efficacy/adjusted effectiveness (VE)
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Characterization of Mycobacterium orygis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium caprae Infections in Humans in Western Canada J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Nicholas D Riopel, Richard Long, Courtney Heffernan, Gregory J Tyrrell, Cary Shandro, Vincent Li, Md Rashedul Islam, Michael Stobart, Meenu K Sharma, Hafid Soualhine, Ryan Cooper
Epidemiologic research on zoonotic tuberculosis historically used Mycobacterium bovis as a surrogate measure, however, increased reports of human tuberculosis caused by other animal-associated Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members like Mycobacterium orygis necessitates their inclusion. We performed a retrospective cohort study including persons infected with any animal-lineage M. tuberculosis
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HIV Diagnostics and Vaccines: It Takes Two to Tango J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Will Colón, Valérie Oriol Mathieu, John Hural, Lucy Hattingh, Ferdinard Adungo, Ole Lagatie, Ludo Lavreys, Mary Allen, Omu Anzala, Nicole Espy, Katrien Fransen, Patricia J Garcia, Milton Maciel, Maurine Murtagh, Sheila A Peel, Rosanna W Peeling, Litjen (L J) Tan, Mitchell Warren, Maria Grazia Pau, Patricia M D’Souza
Current serological tests for HIV screening and confirmation of infection present challenges to the adoption of HIV vaccines. The detection of vaccine-induced HIV-1 antibodies in the absence of HIV-1 infection, referred to as vaccine-induced seropositivity/seroreactivity, confounds the interpretation of test results, causing misclassification of HIV-1 status with potential affiliated stigmatization
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Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers mediate influenza vaccine efficacy against symptomatic influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B/Victoria infections J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Wey Wen Lim, Feng Shuo, Sook-San Wong, Sheena G Sullivan, Benjamin J Cowling
Background The hemagglutination inhibition antibody (HAI) titer mediates only a part of vaccine-induced protection against influenza virus infections. Using causal mediation analysis, we quantified the proportion of vaccine efficacy mediated by post-vaccination HAI titers. Methods Causal mediation analyses were conducted using data collected for a randomized, active-comparator controlled, phase 3 trial
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Escape Velocity – The Launch of Microbiome Therapies J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Brendan J Kelly, Jennie H Kwon, Michael H Woodworth
FDA approval of the first microbiota therapeutics raises new questions about the future role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The authors explore these questions and suggest that FMT has unique value for research and to support patient access.
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C. albicans N-linked mannans potentiate the induction of trained immunity via Dectin-2 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Diletta Rosati, Arnab Pradhan, Julia I P van Heck, Leonie Helder, Martin Jaeger, Neil A R Gow, Leo A B Joosten, David L Williams, Alistair J P Brown, Mariolina Bruno, Mihai G Netea
The interaction between the Candida albicans cell wall and pattern recognition receptors is crucial for the initiation of host immune responses which, ultimately, contribute to the clearance of this pathogenic fungus. In the present study, we investigate the ability of C. albicans mannans to modulate immune response and induce innate immune memory (also termed trained immunity). Using mutants of C
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Functional and immunological mapping of domains of the reticulocyte binding protein, Plasmodium vivax PvRBP2a J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Matthew Zirui Tay, Weiyi Tang, Wenn-Chyau Lee, Alice Soh Meoy Ong, Wisna Novera, Benoît Malleret, Guillaume Carissimo, Ann-Marie Chacko, Abbas El-Sahili, Julien Lescar, Yiping Fan, Rose M McGready, Cindy S Chu, Jerry Kok Yen Chan, Lisa F P Ng, Bruce Russell, François Nosten, Laurent Rénia
We previously described a novel Plasmodium vivax invasion mechanism into human reticulocytes via the PvRBP2a-CD98 receptor-ligand pair. We assessed the PvRBP2a epitopes involved in CD98 binding and recognised by antibodies from infected patients using linear epitope mapping. We identified two epitope clusters mediating PvRBP2a-CD98 interaction. One cluster named cluster B (PvRBP2a431-448, TAALKEKGKLLANLYNKL)
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Impact of CFTR Modulation on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in People With Cystic Fibrosis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Emma L Ledger, Daniel J Smith, Jing Jie Teh, Michelle E Wood, Page E Whibley, Mark Morrison, Joanna B Goldberg, David W Reid, Timothy J Wells
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant pathogen causing recalcitrant pulmonary infections in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators have been developed that partially correct the defective chloride channel driving disease. Despite the many clinical benefits, studies in adults have demonstrated that while P. aeruginosa
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A Novel Anti-nucleocapsid Antibody Avidity Method for Identifying SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Liam Golding, Allison W Watts, Jacob Shew, Marina Viñeta Paramo, Louise C Mâsse, David M Goldfarb, Bahaa Abu-Raya, Pascal M Lavoie
Detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfections is challenging with current serology assays and is further complicated by the marked decrease in routine viral testing practices as viral transmission increased during Omicron. Here, we provide proof-of-principle that high-avidity anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies detects reinfections after a single infection with higher
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Immunologic predictors of vaccine responsiveness in patients with lymphoma and CLL J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Elise A Chong, Kingsley Gideon Kumashie, Emeline R Chong, Joseph Fabrizio, Aditi Gupta, Jakub Svoboda, Stefan K Barta, Kristy M Walsh, Ellen B Napier, Rachel K Lundberg, Sunita D Nasta, James N Gerson, Daniel J Landsburg, Joyce Gonzalez, Andrew Gaano, Madison E Weirick, Christopher M McAllister, Moses Awofolaju, Gavin N John, Shane C Kammerman, Josef Novaceck, Raymone Pajarillo, Kendall A Lundgreen
Patients with B-cell lymphomas have altered cellular components of vaccine responses due to malignancy and therapy, and the optimal timing of vaccination relative to therapy remains unknown. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines created an opportunity for new insights in vaccine timing because patients were challenged with a novel antigen across multiple phases of treatment. We studied serologic mRNA vaccine response
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Neutrophil-associated Proteins as Novel Biomarkers Elevated in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Neurosyphilis Patients J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Cuini Wang, Yan Zhang, Xiang Wang, Jiajun Zhou, Xiaoyan Wang, Gang Song, Yu Sun, Kailong Gu, Aifang Xu, Jian Huang
Background The immunopathological mechanisms underlying neurosyphilis remain incompletely elucidated, and the diagnosis of neurosyphilis presents challenges. Methods We used an antibody microarray to detect 640 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from 6 non-neurosyphilis and 10 neurosyphilis patients. The levels of CSF CXCL1, CXCL8, G-CSF, LCN2, MMP8, and MMP9 in 46 non-neurosyphilis
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Association of dynamics of anellovirus loads with hospital-acquired pneumonia in brain-injured patients during the intensive care unit stay J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 L Castain, M Petrier, S Bulteau, C Peltier, C Poulain, M Bouras, B M Imbert-Marcille, J Poschmann, A Roquilly, C Bressollette-Bodin
Background Critical illness induces immune disorders associated with an increased risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Torque Teno Virus (TTV), from the Anelloviridae family, are proposed as a biomarker to measure the level of immunosuppression. Our objective was to describe the kinetics of TTV DNA loads and their association with critical-illness
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A machine learning-based risk score for prediction of infective endocarditis among patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia – The SABIER score J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Christopher Koon-Chi Lai, Eman Leung, Yinan He, Ching-Chun Cheung, Mui Oi Yat Oliver, Qinze Yu, Timothy Chun-Man Li, Alfred Lok-Hang Lee, Li Yu, Grace Chung-Yan Lui
Background Early risk assessment is needed to stratify Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (SA-IE) risk among Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) patients to guide clinical management. The objective of this study is to develop a novel risk score independent of subjective clinical judgment and can be used early at the time of blood culture positivity. Methods We conducted a retrospective
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Cytolethal distending toxin modulates cell differentiation and elicits epithelial to mesenchymal transition J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Lamia Azzi-Martin, Valentin Touffait-Calvez, Maude Everaert, Ruxue Jia, Elodie Sifré, Lornella Seeneevassen, Christine Varon, Pierre Dubus, Armelle Ménard
Background The bacterial genotoxin, cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), causes DNA damage in host cells, a risk factor for carcinogenesis. Previous studies have shown that CDT induces phenotypes reminiscent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in cancer initiation and progression. Methods We investigated different steps of EMT in response to Helicobacter hepaticus CDT and
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Diagnosing Polyomavirus Nephropathy without a Biopsy: Validation of the Urinary PyV-Haufen-Test in a Proof-of-Concept Study including Uromodulin Knock-out-Mice J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Volker Nickeleit, Dalton Butcher, Bawana D Thompson, Lauraine H Rivier, Harsharan K Singh
Background Polyomavirus nephropathy (PyVN) leads to kidney transplant dysfunction and loss. Since a definitive diagnosis requires an invasive kidney biopsy, a timely diagnosis is often hampered. In this clinical dilemma the PyV-haufen-test, centering around the detection of three-dimensional PyV aggregates in the urine, might provide crucial diagnostic information. Methods A multistep experimental
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Relationship between hepatitis C infection and treatment status and COVID-19-related hospitalizations in Georgia J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Ana Aslanikashvili, Charlotta Rylander, Tinatin Manjavidze, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Davit Baliashvili, Erik Eik Anda
Objective To evaluate the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and treatment status on COVID-19-related hospitalizations in Georgia. Methods We analyzed 2020-2021 Georgian health-registry data for COVID-19-positive individuals and categorized by HCV infection and treatment status. Logistic regression was used to assess the strengths of the associations. Results Treated HCV individuals had lower
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Signals From Inflamed Perivascular Adipose Tissue Contribute to Small Vessel Dysfunction in Women Living With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Christopher S Wilcox, Carly Herbert, Cheng Wang, Yuchi Ma, Philena Sun, Tian Li, Jennifer Verbesey, Princy Kumar, Seble Kassaye, William J Welch, Michael J Choi, Negiin Pourafshar, Dan Wang
Introduction People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) have microvascular disease. Since perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates microvascular function and adipose tissue is inflamed in PWH, we tested the hypothesis that PWH have inflamed PVAT that impairs the function of their small vessels. Methods Subcutaneous small arteries were dissected with or without (+ or -) PVAT from
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Epidemiological characteristics and outcome of viral respiratory tract infections in the first year after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Jens T Van Praet, Andreas Huysman, Eline De Knijf, Stefanie De Buyser, Sylvia Snauwaert, Jan Van Droogenbroeck, Tom Lodewyck, Alexander Schauwvlieghe, Dominik Selleslag, Marijke Reynders
Adverse outcomes of viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) have been reported in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Using a laboratory-developed multiparameter PCR in a consecutive series of 242 patients, we found the highest incidence of viral RTI in the pre-engraftment phase. The occurrence of multiple episodes of viral RTI or viral pneumonia was significantly associated
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Uncovering the Bronchoalveolar Single-Cell Landscape of Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Coinfection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Guohui Xiao, Waidong Huang, Yu Zhong, Min Ou, Taosheng Ye, Zhifeng Wang, Xuanxuan Zou, Feng Ding, Yuan Yang, Zhe Zhang, Chuanyu Liu, Aimei Liu, Longqi Liu, Shuihua Lu, Liang Wu, Guoliang Zhang
Background Coinfection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the most significant risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). The immune responses of the lung are essential to restrict the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and avoid the emergence of the disease. Nevertheless, there is still limited knowledge about the local immune response in people with HIV-1–TB coinfection. Methods We employed
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A novel ex vivo assay to evaluate functional effectiveness of Plasmodium vivax transmission blocking vaccine using Pvs25 transgenic P. berghei J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Yi Cao, Clifford T H Hayashi, Nirbhay Kumar
Background Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax account for >90% global malaria burden. Transmission intervention strategies encompassing transmission-blocking vaccines (TBV) and drugs represent ideal public health tools to eliminate malaria at the population level. The availability of mature P. falciparum gametocytes through in vitro culture has facilitated development of a standard membrane feeding
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Inhibition of cellular factor TM6SF2 suppresses secretion pathways of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Hepatitis D viruses J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Thomas Tu, Harout Ajoyan, Rifqiyah Nur Umami, Vaishnavi Veeraraghavan, Delgerbat Boldbaatar, Mustafa Ahmed M Najim, Anis Khan, Ali Bayoumi, Vikki Ho, Mohammed Eslam, Thomas Berg, Henry L Y Chan, Jacob George, Mark W Douglas
Chronic viral hepatitis is caused by hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus or hepatitis D virus (HBV, HCV, and HDV). Despite different replication strategies, all these viruses rely on secretion through the host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi pathway, providing potential host targets for antiviral therapy. Knockdown of transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) in virus cell culture models reduced secretion
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A comparative phenotypic and genomic analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST45 isolates from cellulitis and from osteomyelitis in Taiwan J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Kuo-Ti Peng, Pei-Chun Chen, Jiun-Liang Chen, Tsung-Yu Huang, Yi-Ho Peng, Ju-Fang Liu, Chiang-Wen Lee, Pey-Jium Chang
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sequence type (ST) 45 is a globally disseminated MRSA lineage. Herein, we investigated whether MRSA ST45 isolates from cellulitis and from osteomyelitis display distinctive phenotypic and genomic characteristics. Methods A total of 15 MRSA ST45 isolates from cellulitis (CL-MRSAs; n = 6) or osteomyelitis (OM-MRSAs; n = 9) were collected in
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Metabolomic Characteristics of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Jungeun Kim, Woori Chae, Joong-Yub Kim, Jae-Joon Yim, Joo-Youn Cho, Nakwon Kwak
Background The therapeutic challenges posed by nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) contribute to an unmet medical need. In this study, we aimed to investigate NTM-PD-specific metabolic pathways using serum metabolomics to understand disease pathogenesis. Methods Mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomic profiling of serum from patients with NTM-PD (n = 50), patients with bronchiectasis
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Distinct subsets of Vδ1 effector and Vδ2 γδ T cells shift in frequency and are linked to plasma inflammatory markers during ART-suppressed HIV infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Riley M F Pihl, Erika L Smith-Mahoney, Alex Olson, Rachel R Yuen, Archana Asundi, Nina Lin, Anna C Belkina, Jennifer E Snyder-Cappione
Background Chronic inflammation is prevalent with ART-suppressed HIV-infection and one immune cell subset putatively driving this phenomenon is TIGIT + γδ T cells Methods To elucidate γδ T cell phenotypic diversity, spectral flow cytometry was performed on blood lymphocytes from individuals of an HIV and Aging cohort and data were analyzed using bioinformatic platforms. Plasma inflammatory markers
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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Associated with COVID-19 Protection in Outpatients Tested for SARS-CoV-2, US Flu VE Network, October 2021–June 2022 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Kelsey M Sumner, Ruchi Yadav, Emma K Noble, Ryan Sandford, Devyani Joshi, Sara Y Tartof, Karen J Wernli, Emily T Martin, Manjusha Gaglani, Richard K Zimmerman, H Keipp Talbot, Carlos G Grijalva, Edward A Belongia, Jessie R Chung, Eric Rogier, Melissa M Coughlin, Brendan Flannery
Background We assessed associations between binding antibody (bAb) concentration <5 days of symptom onset and testing positive for COVID-19 among patients in a test-negative study. Methods From October 2021─June 2022, study sites in seven states enrolled patients aged ≥6 months presenting with acute respiratory illness. Respiratory specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2. In blood specimens, we measured
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Interferon-Gamma Responses to Chlamydia trachomatis Vaccine Candidate Proteins in Chlamydia-Infected Women with Different Chlamydia Outcomes J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Jacob Dziadula, Steffanie Sabbaj, Kanupriya Gupta, Gary Cutter, Hong Yu, Robert C Brunham, William M Geisler
Background Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) testing and treatment strategies have not decreased infection rates, justifying need for a CT vaccine. A murine study showed that a vaccine consisting of MOMP and 4 polymorphic membrane proteins (Pmps E, F, G, H) elicited protective immunity; studies on human cellular immune responses to Pmps are sparse. Methods Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) responses to these 5 CT
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Assessment of the zoonotic potential of atypical scrapie prions in humanized mice reveals rare phenotypic convergence but not identity with sporadic CJD prions J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Alba Marín-Moreno, Fabienne Reine, Laetitia Herzog, Naima Aron, Florence Jaffrézic, Jean-Luc Vilotte, Human Rezaei, Olivier Andréoletti, Davy Martin, Vincent Béringue
Background Atypical/Nor98 scrapie (AS) is an idiopathic infectious prion disease affecting sheep and goats. Recent findings suggest that zoonotic prions from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (C-BSE) may co-propagate with atypical/Nor98 prions in AS sheep brains. Investigating the risk AS poses to humans is crucial. Methods To assess the risk of sheep/goat-to-human transmission of AS, we serially inoculated
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A heptavalent O-antigen bioconjugate vaccine exhibits differential functional antibody responses against diverse Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Paeton L Wantuch, Cory J Knoot, Lloyd S Robinson, Evgeny Vinogradov, Nichollas E Scott, Christian M Harding, David A Rosen
Klebsiella pneumoniae is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and is increasingly difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance. Vaccination represents a tractable approach to combat this resistant bacterium; however, there is currently not a licensed vaccine. Surface polysaccharides, including O-antigens of lipopolysaccharide, have long been attractive candidates for vaccine inclusion. Herein we
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Magnitude of Type I Interferon Responses by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells After TLR7 Stimulation Is Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reservoir Sizes in Cisgender Women With HIV-1 on Antiretroviral Therapy J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Rebecca-Jo Thiele, Benjamin Grünhagel, Maximilian Muenchhoff, Maria Pujantell-Graell, Linda Jocham, Arne Düsedau, Jana Hennesen, Heike Hildebrandt, Sven Hendrik Hagen, Deborah Sandfort, Madeleine J Bunders, Oliver T Keppler, Christian Hoffmann, Marcus Altfeld
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease manifestations differ between cisgender women and men, including better control of viral replication during primary infection and less frequent residual HIV-1 replication on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in cisgender women with HIV-1 (WWH). Investigating plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) functions and HIV-1 reservoir sizes in 20 WWH on stable ART,
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Safety and Immunogenicity of an mRNA-Based RSV Vaccine Including a 12-Month Booster in a Phase I Clinical Trial in Healthy Older Adults J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Christine A Shaw, Brandon Essink, Charles Harper, Runa Mithani, Archana Kapoor, Rakesh Dhar, Lauren Wilson, Ruiting Guo, Catherine A Panozzo, Eleanor Wilson, Alana K Simorellis, Caroline Reuter, Sonia K Stoszek, Grace L Chen, Rituparna Das, Jaya Goswami
Background An mRNA-based RSV vaccine, mRNA-1345, is under clinical investigation to address RSV disease burden in older adults. Methods This phase 1, randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study evaluated safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of mRNA-1345 in adults 65-79 years (NCT04528719). Participants were randomized to receive 1-dose of mRNA-1345 (12.5, 25, 50, 100, or
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Analysis of Archival Sera from Norovirus-Infected Individuals Demonstrates that Cross-Blocking of Emerging Viruses is Genotype-Specific J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Kelsey A Pilewski, Lauren A Ford-Siltz, Kentaro Tohma, Joseph A Kendra, Michael Landivar, Gabriel I Parra
Background Rapidly evolving RNA viruses, such as human norovirus, generate extraordinary sequence diversity, posing a significant challenge to vaccine design. This diversity coupled with short-lasting natural immunity leads to re-infection throughout one’s lifetime. How re-exposure shapes humoral immunity to future norovirus strains remains incompletely understood. Methods We profiled the antibody
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Plasma MERTK is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Yingyan Lu, Jiaojiao Xin, Xi Liang, Jinjin Luo, Peng Li, Xingping Zhou, Hui Yang, Jun Li, Yifan Wang
Background Hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) has a high short-term mortality. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic and prognostic role of MER tyrosine kinase (MERTK) in HBV-ACLF patients. Methods Transcriptomics analysis evaluated MERTK expression and function during disease progression. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of MERTK for HBV-ACLF patients were
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Large Clusters of Invasive emm49 Group A Streptococcus Identified within and across Arizona Healthcare Facilities through Statewide Genomic Surveillance System, 2019-2021 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Hayley D Yaglom, Rachana Bhattarai, Darrin Lemmer, Laura Rust, Chase Ridenour, Kaitlyn Chorbi, Elizabeth Kim, Heather Centner, Krystal Sheridan, Daniel Jasso-Selles, Daryn E Erickson, Chris French, Jolene R Bowers, Michael Valentine, Drew Francis, Crystal M Hepp, Shane Brady, Kenneth K Komatsu, David M Engelthaler
A statewide genomic surveillance system for invasive Group A Streptococcus was implemented in Arizona in June 2019, resulting in 1,046 isolates being submitted for genomic analysis to characterize emm-types and identify transmission clusters. Eleven of the 32 identified distinct emm-types comprised >80% of samples, with 29.7% of all isolates being typed as emm49 (and its genetic derivative emm151)
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The Engineered Lysin, CF-370, is Active Against Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens In vitro and Synergizes with Meropenem in Experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Karen Sauve, Aubrey Watson, Jun T Oh, Steven Swift, Xavier Vila-Farres, Wessam Abdelhady, Yan Q Xiong, Dario LeHoux, Gary Woodnutt, Arnold S Bayer, Raymond Schuch
Background Lysins (cell wall hydrolases) targeting Gram-negative organisms require engineering to permeabilize the outer membrane and access subjacent peptidoglycan to facilitate killing. In the current study, the potential clinical utility for engineered lysin, CF-370, was examined in vitro and in vivo against Gram-negative pathogens important in human infections. Methods MICs and bactericidal activity
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DOCK2-deficiency causes defects in anti-viral T cell responses and impaired control of herpes simplex virus infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Katrina L Randall, Inge E A Flesch, Yan Mei, Lisa A Miosge, Racheal Aye, Zhijia Yu, Heather Domaschenz, Natasha A Hollett, Tiffany A Russell, Tijana Stefanovic, Yik Chun Wong, Sandali Seneviratne, Fiona Ballard, Raquel Hernandez Gallardo, Sarah N Croft, Christopher C Goodnow, Edward M Bertram, Anselm Enders, David C Tscharke
The expanding number of rare immunodeficiency syndromes offers an opportunity to understand key genes that support immune defence against infectious diseases. However, analysis of these in patients is complicated by their treatments and co-morbid infections requiring the use of mouse models for detailed investigations. Here we develop a mouse model of DOCK2 immunodeficiency and demonstrate that these
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Epigenetic Aging and Musculoskeletal Outcomes in a Cohort of Women Living With HIV J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Stephanie Shiau, Francesca Zumpano, Ziyi Wang, Jayesh Shah, Phyllis C Tien, Ryan D Ross, Anjali Sharma, Michael T Yin
Background The relationship between accelerated epigenetic aging and musculoskeletal outcomes in women with HIV (WWH) has not been studied. Methods We measured DNA methylation age using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip in a cohort from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (n = 190) with measures of bone mineral density (BMD) and physical function. We estimated 6 biomarkers of epigenetic aging—epigenetic
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Exploring JC polyomavirus sequences and human gene expression in brain tissue of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Anni Honkimaa, Pia Laine, Joni Suppula, Olli Tynninen, Mika Saarela, Sini M Laakso, Iivo Hetemäki, Hanna Liimatainen, Petri Auvinen, Eeva Auvinen
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare neurological condition associated with reactivation of dormant JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). In this study, we characterized gene expression and JCPyV rearrangements in PML brain tissue. Infection of white matter astrocytes and oligodendrocytes as well as occasional brain cortex neurons was shown. PML brain harbored exclusively rearranged JCPyV
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Interim report of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 XBB-containing vaccines J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Spyros Chalkias, Nichole McGhee, Jordan L Whatley, Brandon Essink, Adam Brosz, Joanne E Tomassini, Bethany Girard, Darin K Edwards, Kai Wu, Arshan Nasir, Diana Lee, Laura E Avena, Jing Feng, Weiping Deng, David C Montefiori, Lindsey R Baden, Jacqueline M Miller, Rituparna Das
Background Monovalent Omicron XBB.1.5-containing vaccines were approved for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 2023-2024 immunizations. Methods This ongoing, open-label, phase 2/3 study evaluated mRNA-1273.815-monovalent (50-µg Omicron XBB.1.5-spike mRNA) and mRNA-1273.231-bivalent (25-µg each Omicron XBB.1.5- and BA.4/BA.5-spike mRNAs))vaccines, administered as 5th doses to adults who previously
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Asymptomatic Low-Density Plasmodium falciparum Infections: Parasites Under the Host's Immune Radar? J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Diana Ahu Prah, Elizabeth Laryea-Akrong
A large body of evidence suggests that low parasite carriage in Plasmodium falciparum asymptomatic infection is required for the maintenance of malaria immunity. However, the fact that treating such infections has little to no impact on subsequent clinical malaria is rarely noted. In this paper, we review data and argue that low-density parasite carriage in asymptomatic infection may not support host
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The burden of HMPV and influenza associated hospitalizations in adults in New Zealand, 2012-2015 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Nayyereh Aminisani, Timothy Wood, Lauren Jelley, Conroy Wong, Q Sue Huang
Background Unlike influenza, information on the burden of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) as a cause of hospitalizations in adults with acute respiratory illness (ARI) is limited. Methods We compared the population-based incidence, seasonality, and clinical characteristics of these two viral infections among adults aged 20 years and over with ARI hospitalisations in Auckland, New Zealand, during 2012-2015
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Impact of National Public-Private Mix and Medical Expense Support Program for Control Tuberculosis in South Korea: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 In-Sun Oh, Ju Hwan Kim, Kyungmin Huh, Seung Hun Jang, Ju-Young Shin
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major threat to global public health, various measures at national level have been implemented to control TB and no evidence with long-term effectiveness has yet been evaluated on TB control programs. We confirmed the long-term effectiveness of the TB control programs in reducing overall burden in South Korea using interrupted time series analysis. Along with the Public-Private
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New window into hepatitis B in Africa: Liver sampling combined with single cell omics enables deep and longitudinal assessment of intrahepatic immunity in Zambia J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Taonga Musonda, Michael S Wallace, Hailey Patel, Owen P Martin, Christopher Oetheimer, Simutanyi Mwakamui, Edford Sinkala, Bright Nsokolo, Annie Kanunga, Georg Lauer, Raymond T Chung, Gilles Wandeler, Debika Bhattacharya, Paul Kelly, Nadia Alatrakchi, Michael J Vinikoor
In Lusaka, Zambia, we introduced liver fine needle aspiration (FNA) into a research cohort of adults with treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, with and without HIV coinfection, as well as with acute HBV infection. Over 117 enrollment and 47 longitudinal FNAs (at 1 year follow-up), we established participant acceptability and safety. We also demonstrated the quality of the material
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Quantifying replication slippage error in Cryptosporidium metabarcoding studies J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 M A Knox, P J Biggs, J C Garcia-R, D T S Hayman
Genetic variation in Cryptosporidium, a common protozoan gut parasite in humans, is often based on marker genes containing trinucleotide repeats, which differentiate subtypes and track outbreaks. However, repeat regions have high replication slippage rates, making it difficult to discern biological diversity from error. Here, we synthesised Cryptosporidium DNA in clonal plasmid vectors, amplified them
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Correlates of Rotavirus Vaccine Shedding and Seroconversion in a U.S. Cohort of Healthy Infants J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Rachel M Burke, Daniel C Payne, Monica McNeal, Shannon C Conrey, Allison R Burrell, Claire P Mattison, Mary C Casey-Moore, Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Rashi Gautam, Mathew D Esona, Alexander W Thorman, Michael D Bowen, Umesh D Parashar, Jacqueline E Tate, Ardythe L Morrow, Mary A Staat
Background Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe pediatric gastroenteritis; two highly effective vaccines are used in the US. We aimed to identify correlates of immune response to rotavirus vaccination in a US cohort. Methods PREVAIL is a birth cohort of 245 mother-child pairs enrolled 2017–2018 and followed for 2 years. Infant stool samples and symptom information were collected weekly. Shedding
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Changes in the Seroprevalence of Tick-Borne Rickettsia and Ehrlichia Among Soldiers—Fort Liberty, North Carolina, 1991–2019 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Emmanuel M Rockwell, Haley A Abernathy, Lanya M Evans, Ryan Bhowmik, Dana A Giandomenico, Johanna S Salzer, Carlos J Maldonado, Y Sammy Choi, Ross M Boyce
We obtained samples from the Department of Defense Serum Repository from soldiers who were stationed at Fort Liberty, North Carolina, between 1991 and 2019 to assess temporal trends in tick-borne rickettsiosis and ehrlichiosis. Serological evidence of infection was common, with nearly 1 in 5 (18.9%) demonstrating antibodies. We observed significant decreases in Rickettsia seroprevalence (adjusted odds
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Impact of micafungin on Candida auris β-glucan masking and neutrophil interactions J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Mark V Horton, Emily F Eix, Chad J Johnson, Megan E B Dean, Brody D Andes, Kayla M Wartman, Jeniel E Nett
Invasive fungal pathogen Candida auris has become a public health threat causing outbreaks of high mortality infections. Drug resistance often limits treatment options. For Candida albicans, subinhibitory concentrations of echinocandins unmask immunostimulatory β-glucan, augmenting immunity. Here we analyze the impact of echinocandin treatment of C. auris on β-glucan exposure and human neutrophil interactions
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Risk of cardiovascular events after influenza: A population-based Self Controlled Case Series study, Spain 2011-2018 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Cintia Muñoz-Quiles, Mónica López-Lacort, Arantxa Urchueguía, Javier Díez-Domingo, Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez
This study explores the relationship between influenza infection, both clinically diagnosed in primary-care and laboratory confirmed in hospital, and atherothrombotic events (acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke) in Spain. A population-based self-controlled case series design was used with individual-level data from electronic registries (n = 2,230,015). The risk of atherothrombotic events
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The Mortality of the Spanish Flu and COVID-19 in The Netherlands: a Historical Comparison J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Peter Harteloh, Rob van Mechelen
The COVID-19 pandemic has been called the deadliest disease event in history. In this study, we compared the cause specific mortality of the Spanish flu (1918-1920) with the cause specific mortality of COVID-19 (2020-2022) in the Netherlands. During the period of exposure, around 50,000 people died from COVID-19 and 32,000 people from the Spanish flu. In absolute numbers, COVID-19 seems to be deadlier
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Uropathogenic Escherichia coli subverts host autophagic defenses by stalling pre-autophagosomal structures to escape lysosome exocytosis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Xueping Li, Lingyan Jiang, Si Zhang, Jiarui Zhou, Le Liu, Chen Jin, Hongmin Sun, Qian Wang, Yutao Liu, Yu Pang
Urinary tract infections are primarily caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC infects bladder epithelial cells (BECs) via fusiform vesicles and escapes into the cytosol by disrupting fusiform vesicle membrane using outer membrane phospholipase PldA, and establishes biofilm-like intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) for protection from host immune clearance. Cytosolic UPEC is captured
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Recombinant full-length Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein-based vaccine adjuvanted with GLA-LSQ: Results of Phase 1 testing with malaria challenge J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DeAnna J Friedman-Klabanoff, Andrea A Berry, Mark A Travassos, Mallory Shriver, Catherine Cox, Jessica Butts, Jordan S Lundeen, Kathleen A Strauss, Sudhaunshu Joshi, Biraj Shrestha, Annie X Mo, Effie Y H Nomicos, Gregory A Deye, Jason A Regules, Elke S Bergmann-Leitner, Marcela F Pasetti, Matthew B Laurens
Introduction Malaria is preventable yet causes >600,000 deaths annually. RTS, S, the first marketed malaria vaccine, has modest efficacy, but improvements are needed for eradication. Methods We conducted an open-label, dose escalation Phase 1 study of a recombinant, full-length circumsporozoite protein vaccine (rCSP) administered with adjuvant GLA-LSQ on days 1, 29, and 85 or 1 and 490 to healthy,