-
A transgenic mouse with a humanised B cell repertoire mounts an antibody response to influenza infection and vaccination J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 V Murugaiah, S J Watson, R F Cunliffe, N J Temperton, S T Reece, P Kellam, J S Tregoning
The development of a universal influenza vaccine likely requires an understanding of previous exposure to influenza virus (through vaccination or infection) and how that shapes the antibody repertoire to vaccination, sometimes called Original Antigenic Sin or antigenic imprinting. Whilst animal models can have a much more defined exposure history, they lack a human B cell repertoire. Transgenic mice
-
Tick-borne Encephalitis Clinical Characteristics in Adult Patients: A 10-year Retrospective Study in Stockholm, Sweden J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Sofia Bartholdsson, Maria-Pia Hergens, Karin E Hansson, Josef Ragnarsson, Peter Hodosi, Ismail Kus, Mona Insulander, Sirkka Vene, Lars Lindquist, Helena H Askling, Sara Gredmark-Russ
Background The incidence of Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has increased during the last decades in Europe. Our aim was to assess the clinical characteristics and outcome of TBE patients in Region Stockholm, as a high-risk area in Sweden. Methods The notification database at the regional Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention was used to identify TBE cases during 2006-2015. Clinical
-
Rational Design of Live Biotherapeutic Products for the Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Shanlin Ke, Javier A Villafuerte Gálvez, Zheng Sun, Yangchun Cao, Nira R Pollock, Xinhua Chen, Ciarán P Kelly, Yang-Yu Liu
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of healthcare- and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. While fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) shows promise for recurrent CDI, its mechanisms and long-term safety are not fully understood. Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) using pre-defined bacterial consortia offer an alternative option, but the rational designing LBPs remains challenging
-
Improved NAAT assay for the diagnosis of onchocerciasis and its use for detection of circulating cell free DNA J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Sasisekhar Bennuru, Frimpong Kodua, Eric Dahlstrom, Thomas B Nutman
Background The co-endemicity of onchocerciasis with other filariae warrants a better diagnostic tool for elimination efforts that are highly sensitive and specific for use in surveillance and for xenomonitoring. Methods Utilizing NGS data, qPCR assays were designed for 15 highly repeated targets from O. volvulus (Ov) and 11 from O. ochengi (Oo). The two most promising repeats Ov15R and Ov16R from Ov
-
An Update on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus, Clade 2.3.4.4b. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Richard J Webby,Timothy M Uyeki
Since the resurgence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, during 2021, these viruses have spread widely among birds worldwide, causing poultry outbreaks and infections of a wide range of terrestrial and marine mammal species. During 2024, HPAI A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, was detected in dairy cattle for the first time and caused an ongoing multistate outbreak
-
Personal Protective Equipment Guidance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Should Be Adapted to Meet the Needs of Dairy Farm Workers. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Natasha Bagdasarian,Nora Wineland,Sarah Lyon Callo
-
Unraveling the Immune Signature of Herpes Zoster: Insights Into the Pathophysiology and Human Leukocyte Antigen Risk Profile. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Romi Vandoren,Marlies Boeren,Jolien Schippers,Esther Bartholomeus,Kerry Mullan,Nele Michels,Olivier Aerts,Julie Leysen,An Bervoets,Julien Lambert,Elke Leuridan,Johan Wens,Karin Peeters,Marie-Paule Emonds,Hilde Jansens,Jean-Laurent Casanova,Paul Bastard,Arvid Suls,Viggo Van Tendeloo,Peter Ponsaerts,Peter Delputte,Benson Ogunjimi,Kris Laukens,Pieter Meysman
The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infects >95% of the population. VZV reactivation causes herpes zoster (HZ), known as shingles, primarily affecting the elderly and individuals who are immunocompromised. However, HZ can occur in otherwise healthy individuals. We analyzed the immune signature and risk profile in patients with HZ using a genome-wide association study across different UK Biobank HZ cohorts
-
Viral antigen mismatch affects antiviral T-cell response and may impair immunotherapeutic efficacy against adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Kenji Sugata, Mitsuyoshi Takatori, Omnia Reda, Benjy Jek Yang Tan, Masahito Tokunaga, Tomoo Sato, Mitsuharu Ueda, Yoshihisa Yamano, Atae Utsunomiya, Yorifumi Satou
HTLV-1 transforms primary CD4+ T cells in vitro within a short time; however, majority of infected individuals maintain an asymptomatic condition, suggesting there is an equilibrium between the infected cells and the host immunity. In this study, we identified a variation in a major viral antigen epitope, HTLV-1 Tax301-309, in HLA-A24-positive individuals. Mismatch in A24/Tax301-309 multimers impaired
-
Comparative Emergence of Maribavir and Ganciclovir Resistance in a Randomized Phase 3 Clinical Trial for Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Sunwen Chou, Drew J Winston, Robin K Avery, Catherine Cordonnier, Rafael F Duarte, Shariq Haider, Johan Maertens, Karl S Peggs, Carlos Solano, Jo-Anne H Young, Joan Gu, Ginger Pocock, Genovefa A Papanicolaou
Background Among 547 patients receiving maribavir or valganciclovir for first-episode cytomegalovirus infection after hematopoietic cell transplant, the treatment response rate was 69.6% and 77.4% respectively. Development of maribavir and ganciclovir resistance was compared after receiving either drug. Methods Viral mutations conferring drug resistance were analyzed in plasma DNA extracts at baseline
-
Unpredicted protective function of Fc-mediated inhibitory antibodies for HIV and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Li-Yun Lin, Pierre Gantner, Shuang Li, Bin Su, Christiane Moog
Developing effective vaccines is necessary in combating new virus pandemics. For HIV and SARS-CoV-2, the induction of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) is important for vaccine protection; however, the exact mechanisms underlying protection require further study. Recent data emphasize that even Abs that do not exhibit neutralizing activity may contribute to immune defense. Abs exhibiting this function
-
Immunity to Non-Dengue Flaviviruses Impacts Dengue Virus Immunoglobulin G Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Specificity in Cambodia J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Camila D Odio, Christina Yek, Chloe M Hasund, Somnang Man, Piseth Ly, Sreynik Nhek, Sophana Chea, Chanthap Lon, Charlie Voirin, Rekol Huy, Rithea Leang, Chea Huch, Elaine W Lamirande, Stephen S Whitehead, L Fabiano Oliveira, Jessica E Manning, Leah C Katzelnick
Background Seroprevalence studies are the standard for disease surveillance, and serology determined eligibility for the first dengue vaccine. Expanding flavivirus co-circulation and vaccination complicate testing. We evaluate the accuracy of a common dengue virus serological assay, examine immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses as a contributor to decreased performance, and assess whether alternative
-
Characterizing the genetics of bronchiolitis by viral etiology: Is there a shared role in asthma development? J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Brittney M Snyder,Tina V Hartert
-
Intact HIV reservoir in monocytes is associated with cognitive function in virally suppressed women with HIV J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Leah H Rubin, Erin N Shirk, Lily Pohlenz, Hayley Romero, Elizabeth Roti, Raha M Dastgheyb, Isabel Santiuste, Jennifer M Coughlin, Todd T Brown, Janice E Clements, Rebecca T Veenhuis
Background Monocytes are susceptible to HIV infection, form HIV reservoirs, and contribute to central nervous system complications (e.g., cognitive impairment) in virally suppressed women with HIV(vsWWH). However, it remains unknown if the quality and/or quantity of the monocyte reservoir contributes to cognition in vsWWH. Methods 62 vsWWH(mean age=56.1, SD=7.1; 93% Black, non-Hispanic; all HIV RNA
-
Will mortality rates in the next viral pandemic be affected by the COVID-19 experience? J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Prabhavathi Fernandes
-
Changes in Genital HPV Prevalence during 12 Years Girls-Only Bivalent HPV Vaccination: Results from a Biennial Repeated Cross-Sectional Study J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-14 Johannes M A Kusters, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, Janneke C M Heijne, Audrey J King, Hester E de Melker, Titia Heijman, Johannes A Bogaards, Birgit H B van Benthem
Background From 2009 until 2021, bivalent HPV vaccination was offered only to girls in the Netherlands. We aimed to study the impact of girls-only HPV vaccination on genital HPV prevalence among young adults. Methods and findings PASSYON is a biennial repeated cross-sectional study (2009-21) among sexual health clinic clients aged 16-24 years old. Questionnaires elicited data on demographics, sexual
-
Early, robust mucosal secretory IgA but not IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 spike in oral fluid is associated with faster viral clearance and COVID-19 symptom resolution. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-12 Nora Pisanic, Annukka A R Antar, Marissa K Hetrich, Zoe O Demko, Xueyan Zhang, Kristoffer Spicer, Kate L Kruczynski, Barbara Detrick, William Clarke, Maria Deloria Knoll, David L Thomas, Fatimah S Dawood, Vic Veguilla, Ruth A Karron, Yukari C Manabe, Christopher D Heaney
Background High priority efforts are underway to support the development of novel mucosal COVID-19 vaccines, such as the US Government’s Project NextGen and the Center for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations’ goal to respond to the next pandemic with a new vaccine in 100 days. However, there is limited consensus about the complementary role of mucosal immunity in disease progression and how to evaluate
-
Evaluation of the feasibility and efficacy of point-of-care antibody tests for biomarker guided management of COVID-19 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Cavan Reilly, Eleftherios Mylonakis, Robin Dewar, Barnaby Young, Jacqueline Nordwall, Sanjay Bhagani, Po-ying Chia, Ruby Davis, Clark Files, Adit A Ginde, Timothy Hatlen, Marie Helleberg, Awori Hayanga, Tomas O Jensen, Mamta K Jain, Ioannis Kalomenidis, Kami Kim, Perrine Lallemand, Birgitte Lindegaard, Anupama Menon, Katherine Ognenovska, Garyfallia Poulakou, Birgit Thorup Røge, Angela J Rogers, Katy
Background Biomarker guided therapy could improve management of COVID-19 inpatients. Although some results indicate that antibody tests are prognostic, little is known about patient management using point-of-care (POC) antibody tests. Methods COVID-19 inpatients were recruited to evaluate 2 POC tests: LumiraDX and RightSign. Ease of use data was collected. Blood was also collected for centralized testing
-
Increased proportions of invasive pneumococcal disease cases amongs adults experiencing homelessness sets stage for new serotype 4 capsular-switch recombinant J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Bernard Beall, Sopio Chochua, Ben Metcalf, Wuling Lin, Theresa Tran, Zhongya Li, Yuan Li, Meghan L Bentz, Mili Sheth, Gunars Osis, Lesley McGee
Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) identified increased serotype 4 invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), particularly among adults experiencing homelessness (AEH). Methods We quantified IPD cases during 2016-2022. Employing genomic-based characterization of IPD isolates, we identified serotype-switch variants. Recombinational analyses
-
Toxoplasma gondii Infection of Alzheimer's Disease Mice Reduces Brain Amyloid Density Globally and Regionally. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 Katherine J O Yanes,Nathanial A Guanzon,Ricardo Azevedo,Damian G Wheeler,Sunil P Gandhi,Melissa B Lodoen
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii infection of Alzheimer's disease model mice decreases amyloid β plaques. We aimed to determine if there is a brain regional difference in amyloid β reduction in the brains of T. gondii-infected compared to control mice. METHOD Three-month-old 5xFAD (AD model) mice were injected with T. gondii or with phosphate-buffered saline as a control. Intact brains were harvested at
-
Sensory Dysfunction, Microbial Infections, and Host Responses in Alzheimer's Disease. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 Praveen Bathini,Emanuele Brai,Brian J Balin,Lynn Bimler,David B Corry,Davangere P Devanand,Richard L Doty,Garth D Ehrlich,William A Eimer,Tamas Fulop,David L Hahn,Christine J Hammond,Joseph Infanti,Ruth Itzhaki,Richard Lathe,Christopher Scott Little,Rima McLeod,Shima T Moein,Amy R Nelson,George Perry,Or A Shemesh,Rudolph E Tanzi,Wilmore C Webley,Nikki M Schultek,Lavinia Alberi Auber
Sensory functions of organs of the head and neck allow humans to interact with the environment and establish social bonds. With aging, smell, taste, vision, and hearing decline. Evidence suggests that accelerated impairment in sensory abilities can reflect a shift from healthy to pathological aging, including the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurological disorders. While the drivers
-
An Enteric Bacterial Infection Triggers Neuroinflammation and Neurobehavioral Impairment in 3xTg-AD Transgenic Mice. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 Gwoncheol Park,Saurabh Kadyan,Nathaniel Hochuli,Gloria Salazar,Orlando Laitano,Paramita Chakrabarty,Philip A Efron,M Ammar Zafar,Aaron Wilber,Ravinder Nagpal
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae is infamous for hospital-acquired infections and sepsis, which have also been linked to Alzheimer disease (AD)-related neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative impairment. However, its causative and mechanistic role in AD pathology remains unstudied. METHODS A preclinical model of K. pneumoniae enteric infection and colonization is developed in an AD model (3xTg-AD mice)
-
Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: The Missing Link Between Bacterial Infection and Alzheimer Disease. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 Catherine A Butler,Giuseppe D Ciccotosto,Nathaniel Rygh,Elly Bijlsma,Stuart G Dashper,Angela C Brown
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease, affecting approximately 19% of the global adult population. A relationship between periodontal disease and Alzheimer disease has long been recognized, and recent evidence has been uncovered to link these 2 diseases mechanistically. Periodontitis is caused by dysbiosis in the subgingival plaque microbiome, with a pronounced shift in the oral microbiota
-
Alzheimer's Disease Has Its Origins in Early Life via a Perturbed Microbiome. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 Stephen D Ginsberg,Martin J Blaser
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with limited therapeutic options. Accordingly, new approaches for prevention and treatment are needed. One focus is the human microbiome, the consortium of microorganisms that live in and on us, which contributes to human immune, metabolic, and cognitive development and that may have mechanistic roles in neurodegeneration. AD and Alzheimer's
-
Chronic Oral Inoculation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola Induce Different Brain Pathologies in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 Giuseppe D Ciccotosto,Ali I Mohammed,Rita Paolini,Elly Bijlsma,Su Toulson,James Holden,Eric C Reynolds,Stuart G Dashper,Catherine A Butler
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by dysbiosis in subgingival microbial communities leading to increased abundance of a limited number of pathobionts, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. Oral health, particularly periodontitis, is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis, with components of both these bacteria identified in postmortem
-
Unveiling the Intricate Link Between Anaerobe Niche and Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 NyEmma Drakes,Galina Kondrikova,Dariusz Pytel,Eric D Hamlett
Dysbiosis within microbiomes has been increasingly implicated in many systemic illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, respiratory infections, and Alzheimer disease (Ad). The correlation between Ad and microbial dysbiosis has been repeatedly shown, yet the etiologic cause of microbial dysbiosis remains elusive. From a neuropathology perspective, abnormal (often age-related) changes
-
Retrospective Analysis of Blood Biomarkers of Neurological Injury in Human Cases of Viral Infection and Bacterial Sepsis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 Maggie L Bartlett, Heather Goux, Linwood Johnson, Kevin L Schully, Melissa Gregory, Joost Brandsma, Josh G Chenoweth, Danielle V Clark, Luis Felipe Rivera, Carlos Lezcano-Coba, Amy Y Vittor, Ronald Hayes, Josefrancisco Galué, Jean-Paul Carrera, Darci R Smith
Background Blood biomarkers of neurological injury could provide a rapid diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) injury caused by infections. An FDA-approved assay for mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) measures glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), which signal astrocyte and neuronal injury, respectively. Here, we assessed the applicability of
-
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce robust levels of IgG but limited amounts of IgA within the oronasopharynx of young children J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 Ying Tang, Brittany P Boribong, Zoe N Swank, Melina Demokritou, Maria A F Luban, Alessio Fasano, Michelle Du, Rebecca L Wolf, Joseph Griffiths, John Shultz, Ella Borberg, Sujata Chalise, Wanda I Gonzalez, David R Walt, Lael M Yonker, Bruce H Horwitz
Background Understanding antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for refining COVID-19 immunization strategies. Generation of mucosal immune responses, including mucosal IgA, could be of potential benefit to vaccine efficacy, yet limited evidence exists regarding the production of mucosal antibodies following the administration of current mRNA vaccines to young children. Methods We
-
Economic Analyses for Disease Surveillance Planning and Advocacy J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 Lee M Hampton
Public health disease surveillance can guide a range of decisions related to the protection of populations. Economic analysis can be used to assess how surveillance for specific diseases can substitute for or complement other public health interventions and how to structure surveillance most efficiently. Assessing the value and costs of different disease surveillance options as part of broader disease
-
Chlamydia trachomatis induces low-frequency, sustained CD4 T cell responses in most women, predominantly targeting chlamydial protease-like activity factor, CPAF J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-09 Yanli Li, Joanna A Warren, Taylor B Poston, Genevieve Clutton, Fiona R Shaw, Shayla Z Conrad, Yinyan Xu, Xiaojing Zheng, Kacy S Yount, Catherine M O’Connell, Harold C Wiesenfeld, Toni Darville, Nilu Goonetilleke
Background Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a globally prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can result in pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility in women. Currently, there is no prophylactic vaccine. Methods This study examined T cell immunity in a cohort of women recently infected with CT. Participants were screened against peptides spanning 33 of 894 possible CT
-
Role of HLA-B*58:01-restricted CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 subtype AE infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-09 Hung The Nguyen, Takayuki Chikata, Yu Zhang, Giang Van Tran, Hiroyuki Gatanaga, Shinichi Oka, Masafumi Takiguchi
HLA-B*58:01 and HLA-B*57 are protective alleles against HIV-1 subtype B or C infection whereas these HLA alleles have not been reported as protective in HIV-1 subtype AE infection. Although HLA-B*58:01-restricted and HLA-B*57-restricted HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells have been thoroughly analyzed in subtype B or C infection, they have only been partially analyzed in subtype AE infection. We identified
-
A Longitudinal Analysis of Memory Immune Responses in Convalescent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Survivors in Uganda J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-09 Courtney A Cohen, Stephen Balinandi, Ana I Kuehne, Michelle L Rock, Luke G Bonagofski, Keersten M Ricks, Ian Davis, Dafna Abelson, Spencer W Stonier, Matthew Odongo, Zachary A Bornholdt, Larry Zeitlin, Crystal Moyer, Stephen Cose, John M Dye, Julius J Lutwama, Andrew S Herbert
Evaluating the adaptive immune responses to natural infection with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus (CCHFV) in human survivors is critical to the development of medical countermeasures. However, the correlates of protection are unknown. As the most prevalent tick-borne human hemorrhagic fever virus with case fatality rates of 5%–30% and worldwide distribution, there is an urgent need to
-
Vaginal Bacteria and Proinflammatory Host Immune Mediators as Biomarkers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition Risk Among African Women J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-09 Sujatha Srinivasan, Barbra A Richardson, Jacqueline M Wallis, Tina L Fiedler, Susan M Strenk, Noah G Hoffman, Sean Proll, Z Mike Chirenje, Edward W Livant, David N Fredricks, Sharon L Hillier, Jeanne M Marrazzo
Background Few investigations have assessed contributions of both vaginal bacteria and proinflammatory immune mediators to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition risk in a prospective cohort. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study of African women who participated in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of daily oral versus vaginal tenofovir-based preexposure prophylaxis for HIV
-
Shigella and ETEC have replaced rotavirus as main causes of childhood diarrhea in Rwanda after ten years of rotavirus vaccination J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-09 Jean Bosco Munyemana, Jean Claude Kabayiza, Staffan Nilsson, Maria E Andersson, Magnus Lindh
The causes of diarrhea after ten years of rotavirus vaccination in Rwanda were investigated in 496 children with and 298 without diarrhea using a real-time PCR. Rotavirus was detected in 11% of children with diarrhea (OR 2.48, P=0.002). Comparison of population attributable fractions (PAF) show that Shigella (PAF=11%) and ETEC-eltB (PAF=12%) have replaced rotavirus as the main causative agents. The
-
In-depth Analysis of the HIV Reservoir Confirms Effectiveness and Safety of Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in a Phase 4 Randomized Controlled Switch Trial (RUMBA) J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-04 Marie-Angélique De Scheerder, Sophie Degroote, Mareva Delporte, Maja Kiselinova, Wim Trypsteen, Lara Vincke, Evelien De Smet, Bram Van Den Eeckhout, Loïc Schrooyen, Maxime Verschoore, Camilla Muccini, Sophie Vanherrewege, Els Caluwe, Stefanie De Buyser, Sarah Gerlo, Evy Blomme, Linos Vandekerckhove
Background Reducing the number of active compounds for lifelong human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment is of interest, especially to reduce potential long-term side effects. So far, available data assessing viral control support the robustness and safety of 2DR (2-drug regimen) antiretroviral therapy compared to 3DR. However, further in-depth investigations of the viral reservoirs are mandatory
-
Association Between SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load and COVID-19 Vaccination in 4 Phase 3 Trials J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-03 Holly Janes, Leigh H Fisher, Jia Jin Kee, Lalitha Parameswaran, Paul A Goepfert, Ann R Falsey, James Ludwig, Craig A Magaret, Peter B Gilbert, James G Kublin, Nadine Rouphael, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, Hana M El Sahly, Lindsey R Baden, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Stephen R Walsh, Glenda E Gray, Karen L Kotloff, Cynthia L Gay, Alexander L Greninger, Milagritos D Tapia, E Adrianne Hammershaimb, Frances H Priddy
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines reduce severe disease and mortality and may lessen transmission, measured by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load (VL). Evaluating vaccine associations in VL at COVID-19 diagnosis in 4 phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled vaccine trials, July 2020 to July 2021, VL reductions were 2.78 log10 copies/mL (95% confidence interval
-
Elevated Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinases Are Associated With Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bloodstream Infection and Mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-09-02 Naomi F Walker,Charlotte Schutz,Amy Ward,David Barr,Charles Opondo,Muki Shey,Paul T Elkington,Katalin A Wilkinson,Robert J Wilkinson,Graeme Meintjes
Mortality from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis (TB) is high, particularly among hospitalized patients. In 433 people with HIV hospitalized with symptoms of TB, we investigated plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and matrix-derived biomarkers in relation to TB diagnosis, mortality, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bloodstream infection (BSI). Compared to other diagnoses
-
Revealing the unseen: next generation sequencing for early detection of drug-resistant cytomegalovirus variants upon letermovir prophylaxis failure J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-30 Klaudia Nägele, Veronika Bättig, Rainer Gosert, Carla S Walti, Spasenija Savic Prince, Jörg Halter, Roby Mathews, Claudia Stühler, Nina Khanna, Karoline Leuzinger
In allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT)-recipients, prophylactic management strategies are essential for preventing CMV-reactivation and associated disease. We report on a 63-year-old male patient with a D-/R+ CMV-serostatus, who showed ongoing low-level CMV-replication post-HCT despite receiving letermovir prophylaxis. Sanger-sequencing failed to detect drug resistance mutations (DRM) until
-
Sustained Spread of HIV-1 CRF55_01B in Its Place of Initial Origin: Dynamics and Hotspots. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-29 Minghui An,Chenli Zheng,Lin Chen,Hao Li,Yan Zhang,Yongxia Gan,Bin Zhao,Hui Zhang,Xiaoxu Han,Jin Zhao,Hong Shang
BACKGROUND Shenzhen, a city with a substantial mobile population, was identified as the first discovered region of HIV-1 CRF55_01B and epicenter of its severe epidemic. During the implementation of venue-based behavioral interventions and the "treat-all" policy, discerning the spread patterns and transmission hotspots of CRF55_01B is imperative. METHODS In this study, 1,450 partial pol sequences, with
-
Human papillomavirus prevalence among Australian men aged 18–35 years in 2015–2018 according to vaccination status and sexual preference J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-29 Prisha Balgovind, Eithandee Aung, Hannah Shilling, Gerald L Murray, Monica Molano, Suzanne M Garland, Christopher K Fairley, Marcus Y Chen, Jane S Hocking, Catriona Ooi, Anna McNulty, Jenny McCloskey, Kathleen McNamee, Deborah Bateson, Louise Owen, Sepehr N Tabrizi, Dorothy A Machalek
Background Australia introduced a national HPV vaccination program for girls in 2007 and boys in 2013, achieving high coverage in both populations. We assessed HPV prevalence among men who have sex with women (MSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 18–35 years and examined program effects by vaccination status. Methods Men recruited between 2015–2018 self-collected a penile or intra-anal swab
-
Galectin-9 Levels as a Potential Predictor of Intact HIV Reservoir Decay J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-29 Sergio Serrano-Villar, Akshay Gala, Peter Bacchetti, Rebecca Hoh, Clara di Germanio, Lillian B Cohn, Timothy J Henrich, Peter W Hunt, Gregory M Laird, Satish K Pillai, Steven G Deeks, Michael J Peluso
Background During antiretroviral therapy (ART), the HIV reservoir exhibits variability as cells with intact genomes decay faster than those with defective genomes, especially in the first years of therapy. The host factors influencing this decay are yet to be characterized. Methods Observational study in 74 PWH on ART, of whom 70 (94.6%) were male. We used the intact proviral DNA assay to measure
-
Impact of HLA allele-KIR partners on sexually transmitted HIV-1 infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-29 Carmen Serrano-Rísquez, Mohamed Omar, Norma Rallón, José Miguel Benito, Amparo Gómez-Vidal, Francisco José Márquez, Martina Alján, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, Ignacio Pérez-Valero, Antonio Rivero, Faruk Sinangil, Irma Saulle, Mara Biasin, Mario Clerici, Donald Forthal, Maria Eugenia Saéz, Antonio Caruz
HLA-I/KIR genotypes influence HIV-1 disease progression and viral load, but their role in primary infection is uncertain. Inconsistent results from previous studies suggest that the inoculum size and transmission route—parenteral vs. sexual—may influence this association. We conducted a GWAS in a population of people living with HIV-1 and HIV-1-exposed seronegative individuals exposed to the virus
-
Circulating immune complexes and G6PD deficiency predict readmissions for blackwater fever and severe anemia in children with severe malaria in Eastern Uganda J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-29 Ruth Namazzi, Kagan A Mellencamp, Robert O Opoka, Dibyadyuti Datta, Giselle Lima-Cooper, Claire Liepmann, Julian Sherman, Ana Rodriguez, Caroline Kazinga, Russell E Ware, Michael G Goings, Marcus Lacerda, Marco Abreu, Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An, Chandy C John, Andrea L Conroy
Background Recently, there has been an unexplained increase in the incidence of blackwater fever (BWF) in Eastern Uganda. In this study, we evaluate the association between immune complexes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and the occurrence and recurrence of BWF in children with severe malaria (SM). Methods Between 2014 and 2017, children aged six months to <4 years hospitalized
-
A rapid molecular detection tool for toxigenic M1UK Streptococcus pyogenes J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-29 Stephan Brouwer, Swairindhree Das, Andrew J Hayes, Olivia M Bertolla, Mark R Davies, Mark J Walker, David M Whiley, Adam D Irwin, Jacob A Tickner
Background The gradual replacement of the Streptococcus pyogenes M1global genotype by a newly emergent M1UK variant is a global public health threat warranting increased surveillance. M1UK differs from progenitor M1global genotype by 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and is characterised by increased speA superantigen expression in vitro. Methods An allele-specific real-time PCR assay was developed
-
CSF Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Cytotoxic Cell Function and Risk of Acute 14-Day Mortality in Persons with Advanced HIV and Cryptococcal Meningitis. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-28 Elizabeth C Okafor,Liliane Mukaremera,Kathy H Hullsiek,Nicole Engen,Lillian Tugume,Kenneth Ssebambulidde,Abdu Musubire,Edwin Nuwagira,Edward Mpoza,Darlisha A Williams,Conrad Muzoora,Joshua Rhein,David B Meya,Kirsten Nielsen,David R Boulware,
BACKGROUND Despite availability of HIV treatment globally, cryptococcal meningitis continues to cause considerable morbidity and mortality. The role of the immune response in acute mortality remains unclear. METHODS To investigate the immune environment in the central nervous system, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 337 Ugandans with advanced HIV and first-episode cryptococcal meningitis was collected
-
Immune Complexes in Blackwater Fever and Severe Malarial Anemia: New Insights from Old Forgotten Friends. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-28 David Torres-Fernandez,Quique Bassat
-
Clinical application of phage immunoprecipitation sequencing to diagnose enterovirus D68 as the underlying etiology in a case of Gullain-Barré syndrome J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-28 Fang Fang Li, Alison Faber, Jessica M Caleta, David M Goldfarb, Inna Sekirov, Natalie A Prystajecky, Jocelyn A Srigley, Ram Mishaal, Agatha N Jassem
Gullain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute peripheral neuropathy often preceded by respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, though molecular testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is often inconclusive. In a recent case of severe pediatric GBS in British Columbia, Canada, we detected CSF antibodies against enterovirus D (EV-D) to link GBS with prior EV-D68 respiratory infection.
-
Molecular Epidemiology of Wild Poliovirus Type 1 and Shift in the Historically Reservoir Areas of Pakistan During 2019-2022 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-28 Yasir Arshad, Nayab Mehmood, Muhammad Masroor Alam, Adnan Khurshid, Ribqa Akhtar, Ghulam Mujtaba, Lubna Rehman, Nighat Mushtaq, Bisma Sarfraz, Rabia Hakim, Massab Umair, Muhammad Suleman Rana, Muhammad Salman, Salmaan Sharif, Sadia Sattar, Sundus Javed, Muzzamil Ahmed, Zainul Abedin Khan, Mohammed Ahmed Soghaier, Nazish Bostan
Background Pakistan is one of the two countries endemic for wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1). Active clinical and environmental wastewater surveillance along with laboratory investigation is an integral and primary component of the polio eradication strategies. The current study is mainly focused on the virological data to understand the current epidemiology of WPV1 in Pakistan during 2019-2022. Methods
-
Transcriptomic evidence of immune modulation in subjects with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-28 Albert Ros-Lucas, Juan Carlos Gabaldón-Figueira, Nieves Martinez-Peinado, Irene Losada-Galvan, Elizabeth Posada, Elisa Escabia, Beatriz Martín-Mur, Marta Gut, Anna Esteve-Codina, Joaquim Gascón, María-Jesús Pinazo, Julio Alonso-Padilla
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical infection that affects millions of people. This study explores transcriptomic changes in T. cruzi-infected subjects before and after treatment. Using total RNA sequencing, gene transcription was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asymptomatic (n=19) and symptomatic (n=8) T. cruzi-infected individuals, and non-infected controls (n=15). Differential
-
Dynamic landscape of mpox importation risks driven by heavy-tailed sexual contact networks among men who have sex with men in 2022 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-28 Sung-mok Jung, Fuminari Miura, Hiroaki Murayama, Sebastian Funk, Jacco Wallinga, Justin Lessler, Akira Endo
Background During the 2022 global mpox outbreak, the cumulative number of countries reporting their first imported case quickly rose in the early phase, but the importation rate subsequently slowed down, leaving many countries reporting no cases by the 2022 year-end. Methods We developed a mathematical model of international dissemination of mpox infections incorporating sexual networks and global
-
Interplay between viral shedding, age, and symptoms on individual infectiousness of influenza cases in households J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-28 Chengyao Zhang, Vicky J Fang, Kwok-Hung Chan, Gabriel M Leung, Dennis K M Ip, J S Malik Peiris, Benjamin J Cowling, Tim K Tsang
Background Understanding factors affecting the infectiousness of influenza cases is crucial for disease prevention and control. Viral shedding is expected to correlate with infectiousness of cases, but it is strongly associated with age and the presence of symptoms. Methods To elucidate this complex interplay, we analyze with an individual-based household transmission model a detailed household transmission
-
CDC-Funded HIV Testing Services Outcomes in Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. (EHE) and Non-EHE Jurisdictions, 2021 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-28 Deesha Patel, Mesfin S Mulatu, Guoshen Wang, Alicia C May, Andrea Moore, Shubha Rao
Background Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. (EHE) aims to end the HIV epidemic by focusing on 57 jurisdictions most impacted by HIV. Methods Using 2021 data from the National HIV Prevention Program Monitoring and Evaluation system, we calculated distributions of CDC-funded HIV tests and HIV testing services outcomes in EHE and non-EHE jurisdictions. We conducted chi-square tests and robust Poisson
-
-
Trends and Patterns of HIV Transmitted Drug Resistance in China From 2018 to 2023. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-27 Jingrong Ye,Yuan Dong,Yun Lan,Jing Chen,Ying Zhou,Jinjin Liu,Dan Yuan,Xinli Lu,Weigui Guo,Minna Zheng,Hong Yang,Xiao Song,Cong Liu,Quanhua Zhou,Chenli Zheng,Qi Guo,Xiaohui Yang,Lincai Zhang,Zhangwen Ge,Lifeng Liu,Fengting Yu,Yang Han,Huihuang Huang,Mingqiang Hao,Yuhua Ruan,Jianjun Wu,Jianjun Li,Qiang Chen,Zhen Ning,Xuemei Ling,Chang Zhou,Xuangu Liu,Jianyun Bai,Ya Gao,Xue Tong,Kangping Zhou,Fanghua
BACKGROUND National treatment guidelines of China evolving necessitates population-level surveillance of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to inform or update HIV treatment strategies. METHODS We analyzed the demographic, clinical, and virologic data obtained from people with HIV (PWH) residing in 31 provinces of China who were newly diagnosed between 2018 and 2023. Evidence of TDR was defined by the
-
Sex Workers and the Mpox Response in Africa J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-27 Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Somtochukwu Marycynthia Ezema, Obasanjo Bolarinwa, Archibong Edem Bassey, Isaac Olushola Ogunkola
The ongoing Mpox (Monkeypox) outbreak in Africa, now classified as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO), presents a severe challenge, particularly for vulnerable populations like sex workers. Despite the endemic presence of Mpox in Africa since the 1970s, recent developments, including the emergence of a new clade Ib strain with increased
-
A Decade of Chronic Norovirus Infection Surveillance at the NIH Clinical Research Center: Clinical Characteristics, Molecular Epidemiology, and Replication J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-27 Natthawan Chaimongkol, Daniel Y Kim, Yuki Matsushima, Jessica Durkee-Shock, Karenna Barton, Courtney N Ahorrio, Gary A Fahle, Karin Bok, Allison Behrle-Yardley, Jordan A Johnson, Dennise A de Jesús-Díaz, Gabriel I Parra, Eric A Levenson, Fernando Yukio Maeda, Stanislav V Sosnovtsev, Kim Y Green
Background Noroviruses are an important viral cause of chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals. Method We collected norovirus-positive stool samples (n=448) from immunocompromised patients (n=88) at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Research Center, U.S. from 2010-2022. We assessed clinical characteristics of the cohort, norovirus molecular epidemiology, and infectivity of norovirus
-
Planning and Analyzing a Low-Biomass Microbiome Study: A Data Analysis Perspective J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-27 George I Austin, Tal Korem
As investigations of low-biomass microbial communities have become more common, so too has the recognition of major challenges affecting these analyses. These challenges have been shown to compromise biological conclusions and have contributed to several controversies. Here, we review some of the most common and influential challenges in low-biomass microbiome research. We highlight key approaches
-
Genomic Epidemiology of Mycobacterium abscessus on the Island of Montréal Not Suggestive of Healthcare-associated Person-to-Person Transmission J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-27 Idowu B Olawoye, Nicholas Waglechner, Fiona McIntosh, Pierre-Marie Akochy, Nancy Cloutier, Simon Grandjean Lapierre, Bouchra Tannir, Christina Greenaway, Elias Matouk, Louise Poirier, Roger C Levesque, Brian Boyle, Caroline Quach, Hafid Soualhine, Jane Batt, Marcel A Behr, Robyn S Lee, Jennifer L Guthrie
Background Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC), an opportunistic nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), can lead to poor clinical outcomes in pulmonary infections. Conflicting data exist on person-to-person transmission of MABC within and across healthcare facilities. To investigate further, a comprehensive retrospective study across five healthcare institutions on the Island of Montréal was undertaken
-
Human infection with IsrRAPXV, a novel zoonotic bat-derived poxvirus J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-26 Yael Paran, Dan David, Nir Rudoler, Merav Ingbir, Nardeen Khoury, Ora Halutz, Ronen Ben-Ami, Asaf Berkowitz, Asaf Sol
Background Bats are recognized as the natural reservoir of several zoonotic viruses that pose a threat to public health worldwide. In our recent reports we describe the identification of a novel poxvirus, IsrRAPXV, in Egyptian fruit bats. This poxvirus is associated with high morbidity and mortality in bats. Methods Herein, we describe the identification of poxvirus in a female patient hospitalized
-
Improvement in the 95-95-95 Targets Is Accompanied by a Reduction in Both the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission Rate and Incidence in China J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-26 Jingrong Ye, Yun Lan, Juan Wang, Yi Feng, Yi Lin, Ying Zhou, Jinjin Liu, Dan Yuan, Xinli Lu, Weigui Guo, Minna Zheng, Xiao Song, Quanhua Zhou, Hong Yang, Chenli Zheng, Qi Guo, Xiaohui Yang, Kai Yang, Lincai Zhang, Zhangwen Ge, Lifeng Liu, Fengting Yu, Yang Han, Huihuang Huang, Mingqiang Hao, Qiang Chen, Xuemei Ling, Yuhua Ruan, Yuan Dong, Chang Zhou, Xuangu Liu, Jianyun Bai, Xue Tong, Ya Gao, Zhengrong
Background In 2016, China has implemented the World Health Organization's “treat all” policy. We aimed to assess the impact of significant improvements in the 95-95-95 targets on population-level human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission dynamics and incidence. Methods We focused on 3 steps of the HIV care continuum: diagnosed, on antiretroviral therapy, and achieving viral suppression. The molecular
-
C-C Motif Ligand 7 (CCL7) and C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3 (CCR3) dysregulation in patients with scrub typhus and association with mortality J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-08-23 Thor Ueland, Elisabeth Astrup, Kari Otterdal, Tove Lekva, Jeshina Janardhanan, Annika E Michelsen, Pål Aukrust, George M Varghese, Jan K Damås
Background Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi involves infiltration of a mixture of perivascular lymphocytes and macrophages into affected organs. We investigated if this is characterized by chemokine dysregulation. Methods mRNA expression of chemokines and receptors were screened in whole blood by cDNA microarray in a subgroup of patients and controls. Regulated transcripts were analyzed