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Detection of RSV using nasopharyngeal swabs alone underestimates RSV-related hospitalization incidence in adults: the Multispecimen study’s Final Analysis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-19 Elizabeth Begier, Negar Aliabadi, Julio Ramirez, Allison McGeer, Qing Liu, Ruth Carrico, Samira Mubareka, Sonal Uppal, Stephen Furmanek, Zoe Zhong, Robin Hubler, Thomas Chandler, Caroline Kassee, Ashley Wilde, Kevin Katz, Paula Peyrani, Alan Junkins, Christie Vermeiren, Warren V Kalina, Ann R Falsey, Edward Walsh, Malak Elsobky, Kari Yacisin, Elisa Gonzalez, Luis Jodar, Bradford D Gessner
Background Most epidemiologic studies and clinical testing use a single nasal/nasopharyngeal swab for RSV detection. Previous studies have documented that RSV detection improves if a single additional specimen is added to nasal/nasopharyngeal swab, but the impact of using multiple specimen types has not been assessed. We quantified RSV the increase in RSV detection using multiple specimen testing compared
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Phosphatidylinositol 5-Phosphate-Loaded Apoptotic Body-Like Liposomes for Mycobacterium abscessus Infection Management in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-18 Tommaso Olimpieri,Noemi Poerio,Fabio Saliu,Nicola I Lorè,Fabiana Ciciriello,Greta Ponsecchi,Marco M D'Andrea,Federico Alghisi,Daniela M Cirillo,Maurizio Fraziano
The study investigates therapeutic strategies for managing chronic Mycobacterium abscessus infections, particularly in people with cystic fibrosis (PWCF) who are ineligible for standard elexacaftor, tezacaftor, ivakaftor (ETI) treatments. Apoptotic body-like liposomes loaded with phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (ABL/PI5P) were tested in vitro in M. abscessus-infected macrophages from PWCF as potential
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Estimating the waning effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines from population-level surveillance data in Hong Kong J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-18 Haoling Chen, Xiaotong Huang, Can Wang, Benjamin J Cowling, Tim K Tsang
Assessing the time-varying effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines is critical to guiding vaccine strategies and public health policies. We developed a Bayesian framework to estimate the waning vaccine effectiveness of various doses of CoronaVac and Comirnaty based on population-level surveillance data. We applied this framework to data on a large Omicron BA.2 epidemic in Hong Kong from January to May 2022
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The influence of epidemiological context on the success of partner notification programs: analysis of gonorrhea transmission dynamics J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-17 Minttu M Rönn, Harrell W Chesson, Yonatan H Grad, Marissa Reitsma, Lin Zhu, Katherine Hsu, Thomas L Gift, Joshua A Salomon
Background Limited estimates exist on population-level impact of partner notification (PN) for gonorrhea with uncertainty in the influence of local epidemiology on PN effectiveness. An ecological study in New York found a 6% reduction in diagnoses with a 10% increase in PN coverage. We estimated gonorrhea incidence reductions via partner notification across different epidemiological conditions to compare
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A Novel Antibody Against the Non-RBD Region of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-17 So-young Lee, Hye-Min Woo, Hyunbum Jeon, Na-Young Kim, Da Sol Kim, Chan Ki Park, Hyun-Joo Kim, Kyung-Chang Kim, Joo-Yeon Lee, Kunwoong Park, Youngki Yoo, Kiju Choi, Hansaem Lee
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in 2012 and has since spread worldwide. To date, no vaccines or therapeutics against MERS have been approved for clinical use. The spike (S) protein of MERS-CoV facilitates attachment and fusion with target cell membranes. Therefore, inhibiting S protein attachment represents a key therapeutic strategy for treating early
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Emergence and Rising Prevalence of Artemisinin Partial Resistance Marker Kelch13 P441L in a Low Malaria Transmission Setting in Southern Zambia J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-17 Anne C Martin, Jacob M Sadler, Alfred Simkin, Michael Musonda, Ben Katowa, Japhet Matoba, Jessica Schue, Edgar Simulundu, Jeffrey A Bailey, William J Moss, Jonathan J Juliano, Abebe A Fola
Increasing artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R) due to mutations in the gene encoding Kelch13 (Pfk13) protein in eastern Africa is of urgent concern, and mutations, such as Pfk13 P441L, continue to emerge. We used an amplicon deep-sequencing panel to estimate the prevalence of validated and candidate ART-R Pfk13 mutations in samples collected between 2018 and 2023 in southern Zambia. Pfk13 P441L
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Impact of pharmacogenetics on pharmacokinetics of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in the HIRIF trial J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-17 E A Mackay, G Platt, C A Peloquin, M B Brooks, J M Coit, G E Velásquez, H Pertinez, D Vargas, E Sánchez, R I Calderón, J Jiménez, K Tintaya, D Garcia, E Osso, L Lecca, C D Mitnick, G R Davies
Background Variability in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (rifampicin -RIF, isoniazid -INH and pyrazinamide (PZA)) is high and may be influenced by pharmacogenetic polymorphism. We performed a pharmacogenetic substudy in 90 participants with PK data from the HIRIF trial in Peru. Methods Relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NAT2, SLCO1B1, AADAC and AOX1
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The available evidence does not support the claim of Nitikin et al. that 4CMenB is a cost-effective way to reduce gonorrhoea incidence. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-16 Kenyon Chris
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Early childhood antibiotics and chronic pediatric conditions: a retrospective cohort study. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-16 Matthew A Beier,Soko Setoguchi,Tobias Gerhard,Jason Roy,Dawn Koffman,Dinesh Mendhe,Joanna Madej,Brian L Strom,Martin J Blaser,Daniel B Horton
BACKGROUND Early-childhood antibiotic exposure has been implicated in the development of chronic pediatric conditions, but many studies leave concerns about unmeasured confounding. We evaluated associations between early-childhood antibiotic exposure and allergic, autoimmune, or neurodevelopmental/psychiatric conditions. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records
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Increased atherosclerosis in HIV-infected humanized mice is caused by a single viral protein, Nef J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-16 Yongsen Wang, Beda Brichacek, Larisa Dubrovsky, Tatiana Pushkarsky, Kyle Korolowicz, Olga Rodriguez, Yichien Lee, Marta Catalfamo, Chris Albanese, Anastas Popratiloff, Dmitri Sviridov, Michael Bukrinsky
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV replication, reverses immunodeficiency, and reduces AIDS-related symptoms, but non-AIDS co-morbidities like cardiovascular diseases remain a major challenge for people living with HIV (PLWH). The pathogenic mechanisms driving these co-morbidities are poorly understood. We previously showed that the HIV protein Nef contributes to chronic inflammation in PLWH
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Gut colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus shapes the gut microbiome in the intensive care unit J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-16 Heekuk Park, Julian A Abrams, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Daniel E Freedberg
Introduction Gut pathogen colonization with Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is common in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with worse clinical outcomes, yet the timing of VRE colonization and its collateral effects on the gut microbiome are incompletely understood. Methods Medical ICU patients admitted with sepsis and receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics were sampled via deep
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Further evidence and analysis are required to determine the level of protection against gonorrhea provided by 4CMenB. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-15 Dariya Nikitin,Peter J White
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Serological Responses and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Serofast Syphilis: Efficacy of Re-treatment in a Prospective Nested Case-Control Study J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-15 Rui-Lin Yan, Ying Xu, Jing Tong, Ping Chen, Li-Cheng Huang, Gui-Chun Wen, Li-Mei Li, Chun-Lai Zhang, Yong-Zheng Deng, Yu-Mao Cai, Bao-Qing Deng
Background There are inconsistencies in guidelines concerning the necessity for anti-syphilis re-treatment during pregnancy for women who tested seropositive despite having received treatment before pregnancy. While global guidelines indicate that no further treatment is necessary, Chinese guidelines advocate for an additional treatment course. Methods A prospective nested case-control study was conducted
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Strain-dependent susceptibility to prion infection encoded by Arg171 and Lys176 sheep-PrP polymorphic variants J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-15 Juan Carlos Espinosa, Natalia Fernández-Borges, Alba Marin-Moreno, Sara Canoyra, Patricia Aguilar-Calvo, Belén Pintado, Eva Pericuesta, Sylvie L Benestad, Romolo Nonno, Olivier Andréoletti, Juan María Torres
Background Classical scrapie in sheep is caused by several different strains rather than a single strain, as is the case for epidemic classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Polymorphisms R171 and K176 located in the β2-α2 loop region of sheep-PrP have been associated with potential protection for the propagation of classical scrapie. Methods The protective role of R171 and K176 polymorphic
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Modeling the Potential Impacts of Outpatient Antiviral Treatment in Reducing Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in the United States J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-12 Sinead E Morris, Sarabeth M Mathis, Emily Reeves, Jessie R Chung, Rebecca K Borchering, Nathaniel M Lewis, Svetlana Masalovich, Shikha Garg, Timothy M Uyeki, A Danielle Iuliano, Mark W Tenforde, Carrie Reed, Matthew Biggerstaff
Background Seasonal influenza causes an estimated 120 000 to 710 000 hospitalizations annually in the United States. Treatment with antiviral medications, such as oseltamivir, can reduce risks of hospitalization among people with influenza-associated illness. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends initiating antiviral treatment as soon as possible for outpatients with suspected
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Low levels of post-vaccination hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and their correlation with influenza protection among healthcare workers during the 2024/2025 A/H1N1 outbreak in Japan J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-10 Shohei Yamamoto, Tetsuya Mizoue, Mugen Ujiie, Kumi Horii, Junko S Takeuchi, Maki Konishi, Wataru Sugiura, Norio Ohmagari
Background After the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, during which the seasonal influenza epidemic was suppressed, Japan experienced a record-breaking influenza A/H1N1 outbreak in the 2024/2025 season. This situation also raises a concern about the immunogenicity of the annual inactivated influenza vaccine. This study evaluated post-vaccination hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers and their
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Inflammatory CD11c+ B Cells Induced by the TREM2 Signal Accelerate Sepsis Development J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-10 Siqi Ming, Zhenxing Chen, Jingwen Yang, Jiao Liu, Xi Liu, Lunhao Yang, Zhaofeng Tan, Haibo Zhou, Yongjian Wu, Xi Huang
CD11c+ B cells are an age-associated subset emerging in infections and autoimmune diseases. However, their role in sepsis is poorly clarified. This study identified a class of CD11c+ B cells with a proinflammatory phenotype that is expended in septic patients and mice. Notably, the transfer of these cells accelerates sepsis-induced lung injury and death in mice. Furthermore, the CD11c+ B cells were
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An ancient Epstein-Barr virus genome recovered from a museum penis gourd from Papua J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-09 Augias Anaïs, Ponce-Soto Gabriel Yaxal, Chimènes Amélie, Charlier Philippe, Rascovan Nicolás
Ancient DNA provides a unique opportunity to study the history and spread of infectious diseases. Here, we analyzed 21 samples from a collection of 20th-century penis gourds (koteka) from Papua New Guinea housed at the Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac in Paris. Despite the presence of environmental species, we identified human-associated bacteria and, notably, an Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) genome
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Tuberculous meningitis across the lifespan J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-08 Rentia Lourens, Gabriela Singh, Tracy Arendse, Guy Thwaites, Ursula Rohlwink
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) remains the most lethal form of tuberculosis (TB). Despite significant physiological differences, adults, and children with TBM receive similar treatment and are often grouped together in research. Consequently, differences in TBM characteristics across the lifespan are poorly understood but may be relevant to developing more effective and age-appropriate interventions
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Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B–Associated Hospitalizations—United States, September 1, 2023–May 31, 2024 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-08 Nathaniel M Lewis, Elizabeth J Harker, Seana Cleary, Yuwei Zhu, Carlos G Grijalva, James D Chappell, Jillian P Rhoads, Adrienne Baughman, Jonathan D Casey, Paul W Blair, Ian D Jones, Cassandra A Johnson, Natasha B Halasa, Adam S Lauring, Emily T Martin, Manju Gaglani, Shekhar Ghamande, Cristie Columbus, Jay S Steingrub, Abhijit Duggal, Jamie R Felzer, Matthew E Prekker, Ithan D Peltan, Samuel M Brown
Background The 2023–2024 influenza season included sustained elevated activity from December 2023–February 2024 and continued activity through May 2024. Influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B viruses circulated during the season. Methods During September 1, 2023–May 31, 2024, a multistate sentinel surveillance network of 24 medical centers in 20 U.S. states enrolled adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with
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From Bite to Brain: Arboviral Neuropathogenesis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-08 Anne Piantadosi, Alyssa B Evans
Neuropathogenic arboviruses cause a substantial burden of human disease throughout the world. However, diagnosing and treating arboviral neurological disease remains difficult, largely due to the similar clinical presentation of many neuropathogenic arboviruses, a lack of quick and specific diagnostic assays for many viruses, and limited knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis of these viruses.
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Use of dog serologic data for improved understanding of coccidioidomycosis: A One Health approach J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-08 Jane E Sykes, Simon K Camponuri, Amanda K Weaver, George R Thompson, Justin V Remais
Background Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) occurs when animals and humans inhale spores of Coccidioides spp., soil-dwelling fungi of the southwestern United States. The spatial epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis is poorly understood due to irregular detection of Coccidioides in soil, disease underdiagnosis, and lack of nationwide mandatory reporting. Data on seroreactivity to Coccidioides among dogs—which
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Epidemiological and clinical insights into enterovirus circulation in Europe, 2018 - 2023: a multi-center retrospective surveillance study. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-04 Sten de Schrijver,Emiel Vanhulle,Anne Ingenbleek,Leonidas Alexakis,Caroline Klint Johannesen,Eeva K Broberg,Heli Harvala,Thea K Fischer,Kimberley S M Benschop,
BACKGROUND Enteroviruses (EV) cause yearly outbreaks with severe infections, particularly in young children. This study investigates EV circulation, age-distribution, and clinical presentations in Europe from 2018-2023. METHODS Aggregated data were requested from ECDC National Focal Points for Surveillance and European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network. Data included detection month, specimen type, age-group
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The effect of pre-existing coronavirus antibodies on SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes in exposed household members J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-04 Ilse Westerhof, Reina Sikkema, Ganna Rozhnova, Janko van Beek, Marion Koopmans, Patricia Bruijning-Verhagen
Background/Rationale We investigated the effect of pre-existing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal human coronaviruses on infection outcomes in Omicron BA1/2 exposed household members from January to March 2022. Methods Data from a prospective household study in the Netherlands were used including 63 households with 195 household members exposed to a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA1/2 index case. The
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Glucocorticoid Receptor Inhibits the Progression of Schistosomiasis Hepatic Fibrosis Through Inducing Circadian Clock Gene Per1 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-04 Rui Tang, Tao Sun, Zhou Xing, XiaoBin Fan, PengYue Jiang, Bin Le, KaiWei Jia, YiLi Cai, XiaoJuan Bi, DongMei Zhang, RenYong Lin, Xing He
Hepatic fibrosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in schistosomiasis, and transcription factors (TF) may become potential therapeutic targets for this disease. Here, we found that a TF, NR3C1, was significantly downregulated in hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the effector cell of hepatic fibrosis, from mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum using RNA sequencing. Activation of NR3C1 using
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Response to comments: renal protective effect of montelukast. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-03 Cole S Hudson,Nicholas S Teran,Vincent H Tam
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Is the Renal Protective Effect of Montelukast on Vancomycin due to its Anti-allergic Mechanism? J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-03 Mengjie Yang,Mi Zhou
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Bacterial and viral co-infections in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 throughout the pandemic: A Multinational Cohort Study in the EuCARE Project J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-03 Pontus Hedberg, Karol Serwin, Maria Francesca Greco, Joana P V Pereira, Dovile Juozapaite, Sara De Benedittis, Francesca Bai, Nadine Lübke, Tobias Wienemann, Iuri Fanti, Florian König, Nico Pfeifer, Rolf Kaiser, Maurizio Zazzi, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Daniel Naumovas, Giulia Marchetti, Milosz Parczewski, Björn-Erik Ole Jensen, Francesca Incardona, Anders Sönnerborg, Pontus Nauclér
Background Limited evidence exists on how the occurrence of bacterial and viral co-infections have developed since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged. We investigated whether the occurrence of community-onset co-infections in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 differed during the Wild type, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron periods, and whether such co-infections were associated with an increased
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Measles seroprevalence in infants under nine months of age in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-03 Darren Suryawijaya Ong, Claire von Mollendorf, Kim Mulholland, Lien Anh Ha Do
Background Measles infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially infants under nine months. Measles seroprevalence data in infants too young to be vaccinated can identify immunity gaps to inform immunisation strategies. Our systematic review and meta-analysis describes measles seroprevalence in infants <9 months in LMICs. Methods We systematically
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Antenatal RSV and hMPV illnesses rates among pregnant women in Thailand and association between antenatal RSV and perinatal outcomes: A prospective cohort study J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-03 Wanitchaya Kittikraisak, Sarita Mohanty, Chonticha Klungthong, Louis Macareo, Boonsong Rawangban, Krissada Tomyabatra, Nattinee Srisantiroj, Podjanee Phadungkiatwatana, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Wiboon Kanjanapattanakul, Joshua A Mott, Lindsay Kim, Fatimah S Dawood
Background We estimated RSV and hMPV illness incidences among pregnant women and examined the association between antenatal RSV illness and preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA). Methods Pregnant women aged ≥18 years were followed twice weekly until the end of pregnancy to identify illness episodes with >1 of myalgia, cough, runny nose/nasal congestion, sore throat, or difficulty breathing
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Rainfall and temperature driven emergence of neural angiostrongyliasis in eastern Australia, 2020-2024 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-03 Phoebe Rivory, Rogan Lee, Michael P Ward, Jan Šlapeta
Neural angiostrongyliasis (NA), caused by rat lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis), is an emerging zoonotic disease on Australia’s east coast. The number of cases has risen since 2010. This study investigated the diagnosis, genetic diversity of A. cantonensis and spatial and temporal dynamics of canine NA (CNA). We analysed cerebrospinal fluid samples from 180 clinically suspected cases (2020-2024)
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Anti-Dengue Virus Antibody Avidity Correlates with Protection Against Symptomatic Dengue Virus Infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-03 Isamu Tsuji, David Dominguez, Jonathan Hernandez, Eloi Kpamegan, José Victor Zambrana, Angel Balmaseda, Hansi Dean, Mayuri Sharma, Eva Harris
Antibody avidity is indicative of antibody affinity maturation following virus infection or vaccination. To determine correlation between preexisting anti-dengue virus (DENV) antibody avidity and secondary DENV exposure outcomes, we assessed anti-DENV antibody avidity, represented as avidity index (antibody response/dissociation rate) in sera of Nicaraguan Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study participants
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Strength and durability of RSV pre-fusion F IgG following infection and exposure in a household cohort, 2014-2022 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-03 Kalee E Rumfelt, Casey Juntila, Matthew Smith, Amy Callear, Yangyupei Yang, Arnold S Monto, Adam S Lauring, Emily T Martin
Background Little is known about the strength and durability of protection (CoP) provided by pre-F IgG after RSV infection/exposure. Methods We analyzed 1,019 sera from 422 individuals in 173 households, collected 365 days before and after RSV infection or exposure (2014-2022), from a longitudinal cohort with active respiratory infection surveillance. IgG against RSV pre-F was measured by electrochemiluminescence
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Effectiveness, safety, and pharmacokinetics of linezolid in pediatric bacterial central nervous system infections J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Lvchang Zhu, Xinxin Zeng, Yi Shi, Yuhang Wu, Xiaoshan Zhang, Shanshan Xu, Xuben Yu, Lisu Huang
Background Linezolid shows therapeutic potential for pediatric gram-positive bacterial central nervous system infections (CNSIs). However, its efficacy, safety profile, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics require detailed evaluation. Methods This prospective two-center observational study enrolled children with confirmed or suspected gram-positive CNSIs. Clinical outcomes and adverse events
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A viro-immunological model to characterize the antiviral effect of molnupiravir in SARS-CoV-2-infected outpatients: implication for treatment duration. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Bach Tran Nguyen,Julie Bertrand,Akosua A Agyeman,Shengyuan Zhang,Ly-Mee Yu,Victoria Harris,Paul Little,Christopher C Butler,Judith Breuer,David M Lowe,Joseph F Standing,Jérémie Guedj,
BACKGROUND The antiviral efficacy of molnupiravir against SARS-CoV-2 is controversial. Here, we develop a model integrating viral and immune dynamics to characterize the mechanism of action of molnupiravir in vivo and its impact on viral dynamics, during and after treatment. METHODS We analysed data from the PANORAMIC trial, where 577 outpatients were randomised shortly after symptom onset to receive
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Transcriptome Analysis of Monocytes Treated with Dengue NS1 Revealed a Shift in Transcripts Involving in Self-Propagated Proinflammation and Antiviral Responses. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Khwankhao Saisingha,Tuksin Jearanaiwitayakul,Daniel Watterson,Naphak Modhiran,Marisa Ponpuak,Sukathida Ubol
Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of dengue virus (DENV) can influence dengue severity. In this study, we used RNA sequencing analysis to assess blood monocyte response to different concentrations of NS1. Here we showed that NS1 at the level found in severe dengue may be involved in severe dengue development through two potential mechanisms which were induction of excessive inflammation and suppression
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Influenza-associated hospitalization rates by underlying conditions, 2016–17 to 2019–20: A retrospective cohort study J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-31 Aaron M Frutos, Mark W Tenforde, Devi Sundaresan, Allison L Naleway, Stephanie A Irving, Malini B DeSilva, Anupam B Kharbanda, Toan C Ong, Suchitra Rao, Kai Zheng, Shruti K Gohil, Sarah W Ball, Rebecca V Fink, Carrie Reed, Shikha Garg, Catherine H Bozio
Background Various underlying medical conditions (UMCs) elevate the risk of influenza-associated hospitalization. We evaluated how these rates changed by type and number of UMCs. Methods Retrospective cohorts were constructed among adult members of two health systems aged ≥18 years with prior healthcare utilization. Across the 2016–17 to 2019–20 seasons, we estimated influenza-associated hospitalization
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Lenacapavir Plus Two Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies, Teropavimab and Zinlirvimab, for People With HIV-1 Highly Susceptible to Either Teropavimab or Zinlirvimab J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-30 Joseph J Eron, Paul P Cook, Megha L Mehrotra, Hailin Huang, Marina Caskey, Gordon E Crofoot, Linda Gorgos, Laurie A VanderVeen, Yanan Zheng, Sean E Collins, Olayemi O Osiyemi, Cynthia Brinson, Edwin DeJesus
Background The combination of two broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), teropavimab and zinlirvimab, plus the capsid inhibitor lenacapavir, is a potential twice-yearly regimen for HIV-1 treatment. The level of bNAb susceptibility to maintain virologic suppression is unknown; therefore, we evaluated this combination in participants meeting stringent viral sensitivity criteria to only one of the two
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Mitochondrial disorders after 12 months of HIV-1 preexposure prophylaxis based on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine in healthy adults J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-30 Esperanza Muñoz-Muela, Marta Mejías-Trueba, Ana Serna-Gallego, Abraham Saborido-Alconchel, Susana Fernández-Pérez, Marta Herrero, Cesar Sotomayor, Alicia Gutiérrez-Valencia, María Trujillo-Rodríguez, Luis F López-Cortés
Background New nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors are considerably less toxic than their predecessors, but they may not be entirely devoid of toxicity. However, their effect in healthy adults remains unknown. We aimed to analyze the impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plus emtricitabine (FTC)-based preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on mitochondria of subjects at high risk of HIV-1
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Factors influencing virologic control during analytical treatment interruptions in HIV cure trials – a pooled analysis of individual level data J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-29 Vibeke Klastrup, Jesper Damsgaard Gunst, Thomas Aagaard Rasmussen, Martin Tolstrup, Ole Schmeltz Søgaard
Background Achieving antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free virologic control remains a central goal in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cure research. To identify factors associated with time to detectable viremia and time to loss of virologic control, we conducted a pooled analysis of six interventional trials that included analytical ART interruption. Methods We determined factors influencing time
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Age-Dependent Assortativeness in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Oral Transmission in the United States: A Mathematical Modeling Analysis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-29 Hassan Hachem, Houssein H Ayoub, Laith J Abu-Raddad
Background Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a highly infectious, globally prevalent lifelong infection. Despite advancements in understanding its epidemiology, the assortativeness in the age-dependent transmission patterns remains unclear. This study aimed to estimate the degree of assortativeness in age group mixing for oral-to-oral HSV-1 transmission within the United States (U.S.) population
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A comparative study of EBV genomes detected in tumors, nasopharyngeal swabs, and saliva from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-29 Jingtong Liang, Cheng-Ping Wang, Yanhong Chen, Wan-Lun Hsu, Kelly J Yu, Qisheng Feng, Xiaoping Ye, Tseng-Cheng Chen, Julia Krushkal, Allan Hildesheim, Miao Xu, Zhiwei Liu
Background Specific genetic variations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Because EBV sheds through saliva, it is commonly used for EBV genotyping in studies of EBV-associated diseases. However, it remains uncertain whether infection with the same EBV strains occurs across different tissues within a host, and whether EBV detected in saliva accurately represents
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Artemether-Lumefantrine treatment selects Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) increased copy number among African malaria infections. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-26 Claudia Fançony,Elsa Fortes-Gabriel,Félix Zage,Evangelia Alexiou,Ioanna Broumou,Leyre Pernaute-Lau,Jorge Panzo,Esperança J António,Mario S Cristovão,José M Domingos,Estevão Sassoma,Fernando Kuatoko,Edite V N Rosario,António Martins,Anna Färnert,Luis Bernardino,Tais N de Sousa,José Pedro Gil
BACKGROUND Decreased efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine, the globally most used antimalarial, has recently emerged in Africa. METHODS An efficacy trial based on directly observed artemether-lumefantrine therapy at Bengo, Northern Angola. 100 Plasmodium falciparum uncomplicated malaria patients (2-10 year-old) were enrolled, hospitalized for the treatment period, and followed up for 42 days. PCR correction
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Comment On: Respiratory Isolation for Tuberculosis: A Historical Perspective. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-26 Maria Emilia Paladino,Michele Augusto Riva
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Empowering Futures: Restoring T Cell Responses in Children Living with HIV. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-26 John Patrick Toledo
This study examines how children with HIV recover mycobacteria-specific T cell responses after six months of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Persistent deficiencies raise concerns about tuberculosis susceptibility despite elevated Th1 CD4 T cells, emphasizing the necessity of focused treatments and continuous health empowerment in susceptible juvenile populations.
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When Infection Control Practices and Democracy Collide: Reply to Paladino and Riva. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-26 Olivia S Kates,Petros C Karakousis
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The Impact of COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on Incidence of Acute Gastroenteritis and Acute Respiratory Infections Among US Military and Dependents. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-26 Bevin Manuelpillai,Benjamin Lopman,Charlotte Doran,Chad Porter
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for COVID-19 resulted in the reduction of many viral diseases aside from SARS-CoV-2, but their impact on the US military or beneficiary population have not been assessed. Using TRICARE data (2016-2023), we modeled changes in acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) encounters pre- and post-pandemic. In 2020, AGE and ARI encounters decreased
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Efficacy and Safety of WXSH0208 Tablets in Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Influenza Infection in Adults: A Multicenter Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-25 Wenhao Cao,Weihua Su,Xinyu Song,Lingling Ma,Yongzhong Li,Haiying Yan,Jie Li,Jun Yang,Jianqing Zhao,Kuan Liu,Rong Qiu,Gang He,Fei Shi,Jinxiang Wang,Lijun Suo,Xiao Liu,Yu Zhang,Liyu Li,Hong Zhao,Tianhao Li,Gao Yi,Zhiang Huang,Shuchun Gao,Yeming Wang,Bin Cao
BACKGROUND WXSH0208 is a selective inhibitor of influenza RNA polymerase subunit, demonstrating antiviral activity in preclinical studies against influenza A and B virus infections. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of WXSH0208 in adult outpatients with uncomplicated influenza. METHODS We conducted a multicenter phase 2 trial based on a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Humoral Antibody Responses in Older Adults after Vaccination or Infection. J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-24 Edward E Walsh,Michael Peasley,Angela Branche,Ann R Falsey
BACKGROUND Immunity to RSV is short-lived following infection. We determined if recently licensed RSV preF vaccines induce better immune responses than infection. METHODS Serum preF binding and neutralizing antibody to RSV A and B was measured in older adults at baseline and 30 days after RSV infection or vaccination with two licensed RSV preF protein vaccines. RESULTS Vaccination induced higher serum
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Evaluation of Cellular Immune Responses After mRNA-1273 Vaccination in Children 6 Months to 11 Years of Age J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-23 Christina A Rostad, James D Campbell, Grant C Paulsen, Sabine Schnyder Ghamloush, Wenqin Xu, Lingyi Zheng, M Juliana McElrath, Stephen C De Rosa, Bethany Girard, Rituparna Das, Evan J Anderson, C Buddy Creech
Background Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) may help protect against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants that are less susceptible to neutralizing antibodies. We present CMI data after the mRNA-1273 primary series in a subset of participants aged 6 months to 11 years from the phase 2/3 KidCOVE trial. Methods T-cell responses were assessed after 2 doses of mRNA-1273 (6 months-5 years: 25 μg; 6-11 years: 50 μg)
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Trends in commercial laboratory testing and positivity for Bordetella species in the United States, 2019 through 2023 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-23 Cheryl J Isenhour, Lucia Pawloski, Susan Hariri, Tami H Skoff
Background Diagnostic methods for detecting infections caused by Bordetella species include culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serology. As the epidemiology of pertussis continues to evolve in the United States, we aimed to assess recent trends in provider testing practices and positivity for both B. pertussis and B. parapertussis. Methods Using deidentified data from a large U.S. commercial
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Eighteen Year Longitudinal Study of Uncomplicated and Complex Acute Otitis Media during the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era, 2006-2023 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-22 Naoko Fuji, Frank N Salamone, Ravinder Kaur, Peter Bajorski, Eduardo Gonzalez, Liz Wang, Mohammad Ali, Ashley Miller, Lindsay R Grant, Adriano Arguedas, Michael Pichichero
Background We analyzed the demographic and risk factors, middle ear fluid (MEF) pathogens, pneumococcus serotype distribution, and bacterial antibiotic non-susceptibility among children with uncomplicated acute otitis media (uAOM) and complex AOM (cAOM) over three timeframes: 2006-2009 (PCV7 era), 2010-2014 (early-PCV13 era), and 2015-2023 (late-PCV13 era). Methods 1,537 children were enrolled over
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Assessing the impact of influenza epidemics in Hong Kong J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-19 Jessica Y Wong, Justin K Cheung, Anne M Presanis, Daniela De Angelis, A Danielle Iuliano, Peng Wu, Benjamin J Cowling
Background Assessing the impact of influenza epidemics provides useful information to assess both population and healthcare system burden and can inform prevention and control measures for seasonal epidemics, such as vaccination and antivirals. Furthermore, it is an important component of pandemic preparedness. Methods We assessed and compared three influenza impact parameters: influenza-associated
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Salmonella effector SseL induces PD-L1 up-regulation and T cell inactivation via β-catenin signalling axis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-19 Umesh Chopra, Maria Kondooparambil Sabu, Raju S Rajmani, Ayushi Devendrasingh Chaudhary, Shashi Kumar Gupta, Dipshikha Chakravortty
The upregulation of PD-L1 by various pathogens is a recognized strategy to evade the adaptive immune response. Salmonella infection also upregulates PD-L1 levels; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our study reveals that this upregulation is mediated by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) effectors, as PFA-fixed and STMΔssaV fail to alter PD-L1 levels. We have further investigated
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Recovery of Antibody Immunity After a Resurgence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-18 Frederic Reicherz, Marina Viñeta Paramo, Jeffrey N Bone, Alexanne Lavoie, Sirui Li, Liam Golding, Agatha Jassem, Allison Watts, Bahaa Abu-Raya, Pascal M Lavoie
Longitudinal measurements of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunity over 4 winter seasons reveal that viral neutralization titers, RSV prefusion F protein (pre-F)–specific immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, and RSV antibody–dependent cellular phagocytosis function gradually returned to prepandemic levels in female healthcare and school workers of childbearing age after 2 winter
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Estimated Efficacy of TAK-003 Against Asymptomatic Dengue Infection in Children/Adolescents Participating in the DEN-301 Trial in Asia Pacific and Latin America J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-18 Tarek El Hindi, Maria Theresa Alera, Lulu Bravo, Edson Duarte Moreira, Reynaldo Dietze, Ana Lucia Oliveira, Veerachai Watanaveeradej, Yuan Zhao, Ivo Sonderegger, Vianney Tricou, Nicolas Folschweiller, Shibadas Biswal
Background TAK-003 has been shown to be well tolerated and effective against symptomatic dengue disease and hospitalization, irrespective of baseline serostatus. Most infections are asymptomatic/subclinical. This study assessed whether TAK-003 could protect against asymptomatic/subclinical infections by evaluating increased neutrlizing antibody titers (NAb) after natural infection. Methods DEN-301(NCT02747927)
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Respiratory isolation of patients with tuberculosis: Is the way forward paved? J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-17 Daphne J Theodorou,Stavroula J Theodorou
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Non-invasive monitoring of humoral immune responses in men with acute Chlamydia trachomatis urethral infection using first-catch urine J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-17 John D Ryan, Caleb M Ardizzone, Stephen J Jordan, James A Williams, Aaron C Ermel, Waleed M Alrebdi, Teresa A Batteiger, Evelyn Toh, David E Nelson
We investigated the relationship between Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) load and anti-chlamydial antibody using first-catch urine from 108 men with nongonococcal urethritis. Men who reported prior CT had elevated anti-chlamydial IgA and lower loads, but load and antibody were not correlated. Load positively correlated with anti-chlamydial IgA only in men who did not self-report prior CT and with anti-chlamydial
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Neutrophil elastase limits spread of Staphylococcus aureus during skin infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-17 Michał Kanoza, Justyna Folkert, Izabela Ciastoń, Amir Aliramezani, Jan Potempa, Joanna Koziel, Jakub M Kwiecinski
Neutrophil elastase (NE), the main protease of neutrophils, is involved in many of their functions, including prevention of infections. Despite its general importance, NE was previously thought to play no role in infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, one of the leading bacterial pathogens. Here, using transgenic mice deficient in NE and a mouse model of localized skin infection, we demonstrate
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Circulating cell-free Nucleic Acid Detection for W. bancrofti infections J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2025-03-17 Marisa Salazar, Paul Schaughency, Thomas B Nutman, Sasisekhar Bennuru
Human lymphatic filariasis (LF) is primarily caused by helminth parasites Wuchereria bancrofti (Wb) and Brugia malayi (Bm). Detecting parasitic circulating cell free nucleic acids (ccfDNA/ccfRNA) in plasma is a promising approach for detection of active infections. Plasma-RNAseq analyses from individuals with active Wb infection and uninfected controls identified 6 RNA targets that were specific to