The thalamus is a complex neural structure with numerous anatomical subdivisions and intricate connectivity patterns. In recent decades, the traditional view of the thalamus as a relay station and “gateway to the cortex” has expanded in recognition of its role as a central integrator of inputs from sensory systems, cortex, basal ganglia, limbic systems, brain stem nuclei, and cerebellum. As such, the

A wide array of post-translational modifications of the tau protein occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and they are critical to pathogenesis and biomarker development. Several promising tau markers, pT181, pT217, and pT231, rely on increased phosphorylation within a common molecular motif threonine-proline-proline (TPP).

Chung et al. reported a novel association of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk with genetic variants in the MGMT gene in women.1 The genome-wide significant signals were found in women lacking the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOEε4-) from 30 studies of the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) (3399 AD cases and 6905 controls), and in a Hutterite cohort (31 members of a consanguineous kindred

Little is known about the population of individuals who live with a spouse with cognitive impairment (CI) or dementia.

To examine the burden and clusters of multimorbidity in association with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related plasma biomarkers among older adults.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia worldwide, represents a human and financial impact for which few effective drugs exist to treat the disease. Advances in molecular imaging have enabled assessment of cerebral glycolytic metabolism, and network modeling of brain region have linked to alterations in metabolic activity to AD stage.

Neuroinflammation is a major contributor to the progression of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a microglial activation regulator, holds promise as a therapeutic target and potential biomarker. Our study aimed to investigate Gal-3 levels in patients with FTD and assess its diagnostic potential.

The extent to which the Big Five personality traits and subjective well-being (SWB) are discriminatory predictors of clinical manifestation of dementia versus dementia-related neuropathology is unclear.

How do reactions to a brain scan result differ between Black and White adults? The answer may inform efforts to reduce disparities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis and treatment.

Protein-based plasma assays provide hope for improving accessibility and specificity of molecular diagnostics to diagnose dementia.

Social connectedness is associated with slower cognitive decline among older adults. Recent research suggests that distinct aspects of social networks may have differential effects on cognitive resilience, but few studies analyze brain structure.

Heart rate (HR) fragmentation indices quantify breakdown of HR regulation and are associated with atrial fibrillation and cognitive impairment. Their association with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of small vessel disease is unexplored.

This letter is in response to “Associations of blood cell indices and anemia with risk of incident dementia: A prospective cohort study of 313,448 participants” by Qiang and colleagues.1 Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for understanding brain structure, offering an opportunity to evaluate the possible mechanisms underlying dementia progression.2, 3 In their recent article

We thank Dr Zhang and Dr Zhou for their thoughtful comments to our work and appreciate the opportunity to address the two important issues they raised. First, Dr Zhang and Dr Zhou pointed out that our study, while accounting for the history of stroke, might not have adequately addressed other chronic brain disorders that could potentially influence brain structure and function. However, given the vast

China has the world's largest number of older adults with cognitive impairment (CI). We aimed to examine secular trends in the prevalence of CI in China from 2002 to 2018.

Identification of psychosocial-behavioral phenotypes to understand within-group heterogeneity in risk and resiliency to Alzheimer's disease (AD) within Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino older adults is essential for the implementation of precision health approaches.

The current study evaluated the relationship between habitual physical activity (PA) levels and brain amyloid beta (Aβ) over 15 years in a cohort of cognitively unimpaired older adults.

Early-career researchers contribute significantly to dementia research and clinical practice. However, a growing group of early-career dementia researchers (ECDRs) lack appropriate support throughout their careers. Thus, we aim to (i) explore support needs, (ii) determine recommendations, and (iii) set the agenda for organizations to better support ECDRs.

Detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology among individuals with mild cognitive changes and those experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD) remains challenging. Plasma phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217) is one of the most promising of the emerging biomarkers for AD. However, accessible methods are limited.

Grazia A, Altomare D, Preis L, et al. Feasibility of a standard cognitive assessment in European academic memory clinics. Alzheimer's Dement. 2023;19:2276-2286. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12830 In the above article, the consortium was inadvertently left off the byline. The correct byline should read: Alice Grazia, Daniele Altomare, Lukas Preis, Andreas U. Monsch, Stefano F. Cappa, Serge Gauthier,

Anti-amyloid therapies are at the forefront of efforts to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Identifying amyloid risk factors may aid screening and intervention strategies. While veterans face increased exposure to risk factors, whether they face a greater neuropathologic amyloid burden is not well understood.

The timing of plasma biomarker changes is not well understood. The goal of this study was to evaluate the temporal co-evolution of plasma and positron emission tomography (PET) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers.

The associations of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet with brain structural changes are unclear.

Incorporating blood-based Alzheimer's disease biomarkers such as tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) into screening algorithms may improve screening efficiency.

There remains an urgent need to identify preclinical pathophysiological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) development in high-risk, racially diverse populations. We explored the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of vascular injury and neuroinflammation with AD biomarkers in middle-aged Black/African American (B/AA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants.

Cost-effective screening tools for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) has significant implications. We evaluated non-imaging indicators of VCID using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured white matter (WM) damage and hypothesized that these indicators differ based on age.

We set out to identify tau PET-positive (A+T+) individuals among amyloid-beta (Aβ) positive participants using plasma biomarkers.

There is emerging evidence that amyloid beta protein (Aβ) and tau-related lesions in the retina are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ and hyperphosphorylated (p)-tau deposits have been described in the retina and were associated with small amyloid spots visualized by in vivo imaging techniques as well as degeneration of the retina. These changes correlate with brain amyloid deposition as

We assessed TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) seeding activity and aggregates detection in olfactory mucosa of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43-immunoreactive pathology (FTLD-TDP) by TDP-43 seeding amplification assay (TDP43-SAA) and immunocytochemical analysis.

Plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau are emerging as accessible biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, many assays exist with variable test performances, highlighting the need for a comparative assessment to identify the most valid assays for future use in AD and to apply to other settings in which the same biomarkers may be useful, namely, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is a progressive

The results of the CLARITY-AD, GRADUATE I and II, and TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 trials have rekindled discussion on the impact of amyloid-targeting drugs. We use a Bayesian approach to quantify how rational observers would have updated their prior beliefs based on new trial results.

Few studies have examined the associations of psychosocial factors with cognitive change in Hispanics/Latinos.

This editorial summarizes advances from the Clearance of Interstitial Fluid and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CLIC) group, within the Vascular Professional Interest Area (PIA) of the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART). The overarching objectives of the CLIC group are to: (1) understand the age-related physiology changes that underlie impaired

Sex differences in neuropsychological (NP) test performance might have important implications for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigates sex differences in neuropsychological performance among individuals without dementia at baseline.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disorder with variability in pathology and clinical progression. AD patients may differ in individual-level benefit from amyloid beta removal therapy.

The National Institute on Aging Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Data Storage Site Alzheimer's Genomics Database (GenomicsDB) is a public knowledge base of Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic datasets and genomic annotations.

Whether the integration of eye-tracking, gait, and corresponding dual-task analysis can distinguish cognitive impairment (CI) patients from controls remains unclear.

Evidence is limited on the role of mid-life Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in late-life subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs).

Rapidly progressive dementias (RPDs) are a group of neurological disorders characterized by a rapid cognitive decline. The diagnostic value of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in RPD has not been fully explored.

DNA microarray-based studies report differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in blood between late-onset dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitively unimpaired individuals, but interrogate < 4% of the genome.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of the overall Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic architecture on Down syndrome (DS) status, cognitive measures, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.

Limited evidence exists on the associations of discontinuing versus continuing long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) with pain intensity, physical function, and depression among patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Variation in preclinical cognitive decline suggests additional genetic factors related to Alzheimer's disease (eg, a non-APOE polygenic risk score [PRS]) may interact with the APOE ε4 allele to influence cognitive decline.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research has advanced our understanding of neurodegeneration in sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) but studies include small samples, mostly amnestic EOAD, and have not focused on developing an MRI biomarker.

Signatures of a type-I interferon (IFN-I) response are observed in the post mortem brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. However, the effect of the IFN-I response on pathological tau accumulation remains unclear.

About two-thirds of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients are women, who exhibit more severe pathology and cognitive decline than men. Whether biological sex causally modulates the relationship between cholinergic signaling and amyloid pathology remains unknown.

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) may promote clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) disparities between Black American (BA) and non-Hispanic White (nHW) populations. Using a novel measurement, unhealthy white matter connectivity (UWMC), we interrogated racialized group differences in associations between WMH in AD pathology-affected regions and cognition.

A wide range of modifiable risk factors for dementia have been identified. Considerable debate remains about these risk factors, possible interactions between them or with genetic risk, and causality, and how they can help in clinical trial recruitment and drug development. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) may refine understanding.

Depressive symptoms are among early behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the relationship between neurodegeneration and depressive symptoms remains inconclusive. To better understand this relationship in preclinical AD, we examined hippocampal volume and depressive symptoms in cognitively unimpaired carriers of the presenilin-1 (PSEN1) E280A mutation for autosomal dominant AD.

Little is known about the heterogeneous treatment effects of metformin on dementia risk in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Retinal vascular network changes may reflect the integrity of the cerebral microcirculation, and may be associated with cognitive impairment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the main cause of dementia in the elderly. AD pathology is characterized by accumulation of microglia around the beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques which assumes disease-specific transcriptional signatures, as for the disease-associated microglia (DAM). However, the regulators of microglial phagocytosis are still unknown.

Verbal fluency tasks are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) assessments. Yet, standard valid response counts fail to reveal disease-specific semantic memory patterns. Here, we leveraged automated word-property analysis to capture neurocognitive markers of AD vis-à-vis behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).

We read with great interest the study by Peng et al.1 which showed the longitudinal change of daytime napping inferred objectively by actigraphy, and the association with incident Alzheimer's dementia. However, a prospective study from Wong et al.2 reported that there was little evidence to suggest that long sleep duration and regular napping are associated with long-term dementia risk. Short sleep

Dear Editor, We thank the interest from Ran et al. and their thoughtful letter in response to our research article.1 Ran et al. conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the bidirectional relationship between daytime napping and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Authors claim that based on their bidirectional MR findings, daytime napping was causally associated with AD, partially consistent

Compared to males, females have an accelerated trajectory of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The neurobiological factors underlying the more rapid cognitive decline in AD in females remain unclear. This study explored how sex-dependent alterations in hippocampal connectivity over 2 years are associated with cerebrovascular and amyloid pathologies in normal aging.

Community disadvantage is associated with late-life cognition. Few studies examine its contribution to racial disparities in cognition/cognitive change.

Chronic hypertension increases the risk of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) by ∼60%; however, how hypertension affects the vasculature of the hippocampus remains unclear but could contribute to VCI.

The impact of intracranial arteriosclerosis on dementia remains largely unclear.

Aging, tau pathology, and chronic inflammation in the brain play crucial roles in synaptic loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. Senescent cells accumulate in the aging brain, accelerate the aging process, and promote tauopathy progression through their abnormal inflammatory secretome known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)