Background and Aims The aims of this study were to: 1) assess the performance of the pancreatitis activity scoring system (PASS) in a large intercontinental AP cohort, 2) investigate whether a modified PASS, yields a similar predictive accuracy and produces distinct early trajectories between severity subgroups. Methods Data was prospectively collected through the APPRENTICE consortium (2015-2018)

Background and Aims Several methods with variable efficacy have been proposed for difficult biliary cannulation in ERCP. We assessed the comparative efficacy of different strategies for difficult biliary cannulation, through a network meta-analysis combining direct and indirect treatment comparisons. Methods We identified 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (2015 patients) that compared the efficacy

Background and Aims Seattle protocol forceps biopsies (FB) are currently recommended for surveillance in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) but limited by sampling error and lack of adherence. Wide-area transepithelial sampling with 3D analysis (WATS-3D) is reported to increase BE dysplasia detection. We assessed the incremental yield and clinical significance of WATS-3D for dysplasia detection over FB in a

ABSTRACT The change of dietary habits in Western societies, including reduced consumption of fiber, is linked to alterations in gut microbial ecology. Nevertheless, mechanistic connections between diet-induced microbiota changes that affect colonization resistance and enteric pathogen susceptibility are still emerging. We sought to investigate how a diet devoid of soluble plant fibers impacts the structure

ABSTRACT Activation of the NOX4/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway has been associated with fibrosis in other organs. An imbalance in intestinal bacteria is an important driving factor of liver fibrosis through the liver-gut axis. This study aimed to explore whether the effect of ursolic acid (UA) on liver fibrosis was associated with the NOX4/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways and intestinal bacteria. Wild-type

Regulation of alternative splicing is one of the most efficient mechanisms to enlarge the proteomic diversity in eukaryotic organisms. Many viruses hijack the splicing machinery following infection to accomplish their replication cycle. Regarding the HBV, numerous reports have described alternative splicing events of the long viral transcript (pregenomic RNA), which also acts as a template for viral

Background and Aims WATS3D is used as an adjunct to forceps biopsies in Barrett’s esophagus (BE). BE-associated crypt dysplasia (CD), which can be detected by WATS3D, involves crypts, but not surface epithelium. The risk of neoplastic progression of CD has never been evaluated. The prognosis of WATS-diagnosed nondysplastic BE (NDBE) and low-grade dysplasia (LGD) is also unknown. We assessed the risk

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a major cause of morbidity and burden of disease worldwide. It can generally be diagnosed by blood testing and remedied by iron replacement therapy (IRT) using the oral or intravenous route. The many causes of iron deficiency include poor dietary intake and malabsorption of dietary iron, as well as a number of significant gastrointestinal (GI) pathologies. Because blood

INTRODUCTION There is limited information on the transparency of gastroenterology clinical trials. METHODS The ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for trials focused on most common gastrointestinal diseases up to August 2018. Adherence to reporting of results to the database or in publication form was recorded for each trial along with trial characteristics. RESULTS Of the 2,429 trials included

INTRODUCTION We examined national Google Trends and local healthcare utilization after 3 high-impact gastroenterology publications. METHODS Changes in US Google Trends and Olmsted County health utilization were studied. RESULTS Publication views within 30 days were 51,458 (Imperiale), 49,759 (Pimentel), and 18,750 (Gomm). Colonoscopy searches (P = 0.04) and Cologuard tests performed (P < 0.01) increased

Background and Aims Although single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE)-assisted or short-type SBE (short SBE)-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been reported as useful in patients with surgically altered anatomy, most of the studies had small sample sizes or single-center designs. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and factors affecting the procedure results of short

Progress has been made in understanding coeliac disease, a relatively frequent and underappreciated immune-mediated condition that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals. However, several gaps remain in knowledge related to diagnosis and management. The gluten-free diet, currently the only available management, is not curative or universally effective (some adherent patients have ongoing duodenal

ABSTRATC In recent years, emerging studies have observed gut microbiota (GM) alterations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), even in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Further, impaired sleep and circadian patterns are common symptoms of AD, while sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD) is associated with greater β-amyloid (Aβ) burden and AD risk, sometimes years before the clinical onset

We read with great interest the study by Mózes et al on non-invasive tests (NITs) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)1 and commend the authors on their comprehensive individual patient data meta-analysis. The authors have confirmed that a two-step algorithm of fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and liver stiffness measurement with vibration controlled transient elastography (LSM-VCTE) has superior diagnostic

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Artificial intelligence-based computer aided polyp detection (CADe) systems are intended to address the issue of missed polyps during colonoscopy. The effect of CADe during screening and surveillance colonoscopy has not previously been studied in a United States population. METHODS We conducted a prospective, multi-center, single-blind randomized tandem colonoscopy study to evaluate

Background and Aims Endoscopic management of acute cholecystitis has expanded in patients who are considered nonoperative candidates. Traditionally managed with percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC), improvement in techniques and devices has led to increased use of endoscopic methods for gallbladder drainage. This document reviews technical aspects of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ET-GBD)

BACKGROUND AIMS Significant progress has been made since the first report of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in 1859, following decades of research that contributed to the understanding of the genetic and environmental factors involved in IBD pathogenesis. Today, a range of treatments is available for directed therapy, mostly targeting the overactive immune response. However, the mechanisms by which

Background and Aims This Rome Foundation Working Team Report reflects the consensus of an international, interdisciplinary team of experts regarding the use of behavioral interventions in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), specifically Brain-Gut Behavior Therapies (BGBT). Methods The committee members reviewed the extant scientific literature and whenever possible, addressed gaps

BACKGROUND AND AIMS A major clinical challenge for pancreatic cancer (PC) patients is metabolic adaptation. Neoplastic cells harboring molecular perturbations suffice for their increased anabolic demand and nucleotide biosynthesis to acquire chemoresistance. The mucin 5AC expressed de novo in malignant pancreas promotes cancer cell stemness and is significantly associated with poor patient survival

INTRODUCTION Variation in endoscopist performance contributes to poor-quality colonoscopy. Audit and feedback (A/F) can be used to improve physician performance, particularly among lower performing physicians. In this large pragmatic randomized controlled trial, we compared A/F to improve endoscopists' colonoscopy performance to usual practice. METHODS Endoscopists practicing in Ontario, Canada, in

As a plethora of data emerges on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of biologics in inflammatory bowel disease, guidance on its application is needed. In this literature review and consensus statement, the authors recommend reactive TDM for all biologics, summarize concentration targets, and provide guidance on TDM in various scenarios. Proactive TDM with tumor necrosis factor-antagonist monotherapy

INTRODUCTION Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is characterized by gastrinoma-induced hypergastrinemia causing excessive gastric acid secretion. Secretin stimulation tests (SSTs) are required for diagnosis in the majority of patients. Two case reports suggest that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) cause false SST results. Consequently, PPIs are discontinued to allow hyperchlorhydria to recur; however, uncontrolled

The B cell activation system, consisting of B cell activating factor and a proliferation-inducing ligand, may have pathogenic effects in autoimmune hepatitis.