The effectiveness of antitumour immunity is dependent on intricate cytokine networks. Interleukins (ILs) are important mediators of complex interactions within the tumour microenvironment, including regulation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, migration and activation. Our evolving and increasingly nuanced understanding of the cell type-specific and heterogeneous effects

Objective To assess the impact of delayed invitation on screen-detected and interval colorectal cancers (CRC) within a faecal immunochemical testing (FIT)-based CRC screening programme. Design All individuals that participated in 2017 and 2018 with a negative FIT and were eligible for CRC screening in 2019 and 2020 were included using individual-level data. Multivariable logistic regression analyses

The first study to investigate potential associations between gut microbiota composition and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity was recently published in Gut .1 This study demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in alpha diversity and a shift in gut microbiota composition following BNT162b2 vaccination, characterised by reductions in Actinobacteriota, Blautia, Dorea, Adlercreutzia, Asacchaobacter

Background & Aims Liver fibrosis is an intrinsic wound-healing response to chronic injury and the major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, no effective diagnostic or therapeutic strategies are available owing to its poorly characterized molecular etiology. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying liver fibrogenesis. Methods We performed a quantitative proteomic

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This article is linked to Sethi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17313 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17339

This article is linked to Sethi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17313 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17333

This article is linked to Kang et al. papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17473 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17518

This article is linked to Kang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17473 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17501

This article is linked to Younossi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17472 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17517

This article is linked to Younossi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17472 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17505

This article is linked to Taillieu et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17488

This article is linked to Farina et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17463

This article is linked to Fumery et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111//apt.17421 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17514

This article is linked to Fumery et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111//apt.17421 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17439

This article is linked to Patidar et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17457

This article is linked to Gillespie et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17380

This article is linked to Jayasooriya et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17370 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17548

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This article is linked to Wolf et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17495 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17536

This article is linked to Wolf et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17495 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17528

This article is linked to Leache et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17344 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17546

This article is linked to Leache et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17344 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17531

Background While transient bacteremia is common during dental and endoscopic procedures, infections developing during sterile diseases like acute pancreatitis (AP) can have grave consequences. Here we examined how impaired bacterial clearance may cause this transition. Methods Blood samples of AP patients, normal controls, and rodents with pancreatitis or those administered different non-esterified

BACKGROUND & AIMS Genetic ancestry or racial differences in health outcomes exist in diseases associated with systemic inflammation (e.g., Covid-19). This study aimed to investigate the association of genetic ancestry and race with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), which is characterized by acute systemic inflammation, multi-organ failure and high risk of short-term death. METHODS This prospective

Background and aims The cause of Crohn’s Disease (CD) is unknown, but the current hypothesis is that microbial or environmental factors induce gut inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to chronic intestinal inflammation. Case-control studies of CD patients have catalogued alterations in the gut microbiome composition; however, these studies fail to distinguish if the altered

Background & Aims Fecal tests currently used for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening show limited accuracy in detecting early tumors or precancerous lesions. In this respect, we comprehensively evaluated stool microRNA (miRNA) profiles as biomarkers for non-invasive CRC diagnosis. Methods A total of 1,273 small RNA sequencing experiments were performed in multiple biospecimens. In a cross-sectional study

Background & Aims Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, but also heterogeneous presentations involving fibrostenotic esophageal remodeling and esophageal dysmotility. We aimed to define and evaluate phenotypes of EoE using functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) Panometry, i.e. a PhysioMechanical Classification of EoE. Methods Patients with EoE that completed FLIP

Background and Aims TGFβ plays pleiotropic roles in pancreatic cancer including promoting metastasis, attenuating CD8 T cell activation, and enhancing myofibroblast differentiation and deposition of extracellular matrix. However, single-agent TGFβ inhibition has shown limited efficacy against pancreatic cancer in mice or humans. Methods We evaluated the TGFβ blocking antibody NIS793 in combination

BACKGROUND & AIMS As pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to be recalcitrant to therapeutic interventions including poor response to immunotherapy, albeit effective in other solid malignancies, a more nuanced understanding of the immune microenvironment in PDAC is urgently needed. We aimed to unveil a detailed view of the immune micromilieu in PDAC using a spatially-resolved multimodal

Background & Aims At least 20 to 30% of patients with intestinal failure receiving long-term parenteral nutrition will develop intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD), for which there are few therapeutic options. SEFA-6179 is a first-in-class structurally engineered medium chain fatty acid analogue that acts through GPR84, PPARα, and PPARγ agonism. We hypothesized that SEFA-6179 would prevent

Background and aims Despite recent progress in identifying aberrant genetic and epigenetic alterations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the mechanism of ESCC initiation remains unknown. Methods Using CRISPR/Cas 9-based genetic ablation, we targeted 9 genes (TP53, CDKN2A, NOTCH1, NOTCH3, KMT2D, KMT2C, FAT1, FAT4, and AJUBA) in murine esophageal organoids (EOs). Transcriptomic phenotypes

Background and Aims Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The feasibility of endoscopic resection (ER) for UC-associated neoplasia (UCAN) has been suggested, but its efficacy and safety remain unclear. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ER for colorectal neoplasms in patients with UC. Methods This was a retrospective, multicenter cohort

Total abdominal proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with substantial complications despite the benefits of managing refractory and/or neoplasia-associated disease. For the purpose of this review, we focused on the diagnosis of some of the most common inflammatory and structural pouch disorders and their respective management. Pouchitis

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BACKGROUND & AIMS Hyperactivation of ribosome biogenesis leads to hepatocyte transformation and plays pivotal roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. We aimed to identify critical ribosome biogenesis proteins that are overexpressed and crucial in HCC progression. METHODS HEAT repeat containing 1 (HEATR1) expression and clinical correlations were analyzed using TCGA and GEO databases and

Background and aims The in-hospital survival of patients suffering from acute pancreatitis (AP) is 95–98%. However, there is growing evidence that patients discharged after AP may be at risk of serious morbidity and mortality. Here, we aimed to investigate the risk, causes, and predictors of the most severe consequence of the post-AP period: mortality. Methods 2,613, well-characterized patients from

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This clinical practice guideline from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) provides an evidence-based approach to strategies to prevent endoscopy-related injury (ERI) in GI endoscopists. It is accompanied by the document subtitled Methodology and Review of Evidence Which provides a detailed account of the methodology employed for the evidence review. This document was developed

Objective The extent to which tryptophan (Trp) metabolism alterations explain or influence the outcome of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is still unclear. However, several Trp metabolism end-products are essential to intestinal homeostasis. Here, we investigated the role of metabolites from the kynurenine pathway. Design Targeted quantitative metabolomics was performed in two large human IBD cohorts

Background and Aims There are no contemporary large-scale studies evaluating the burden of Helicobacter pylori in the United States according to detailed demographics. The primary objective was to evaluate H. pylori positivity in a large national healthcare system according to individual demographics and geography. Methods We conducted a nationwide retrospective analysis of adults in the Veterans Health

Background and Aims Inflammatory diseases are associated with an increased risk of incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). However, data on MACEs are lacking in large population-based histopathology cohorts of microscopic colitis (MC). Methods This study included all Swedish adults with MC without previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1990-2017, n=11,018). MC and subtypes (collagenous

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