ABSTRACT Microbial dysbiosis is an established finding in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but host-microbial interactions are poorly understood. We aimed to unravel the effect of microbiota exposure on intestinal epithelial cells. Confluent Transwell® organoid monolayers of eight UC patients and eight non-IBD controls were co-cultured for six hours with microbiota (3x108 cells) of UC

ABSTRACT Diarrheal disease is a common health problem with complex causality. Although diarrhea is accompanied by disturbances in microbial diversity, how gut microbes are involved in the occurrence of diarrhea remains largely unknown. Here, using a pig model of post-weaning stress-induced diarrhea, we aim to elucidate and enrich the mechanistic basis of diarrhea. We found significant alterations in

Objective Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) include heterogeneous mixtures of low-grade cells forming pseudoglandular structures and compact nests of high-grade cells organised in non-glandular patterns. We previously reported that low-grade PDAC cells display high expression of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), a pivotal transcription factor of the interferon (IFN) system, suggesting

We thank Shah S et al 1 for their interest in our study about a promising natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) technique, transcolonic endoscopic appendicectomy (TEA).2 We are happy to respond to their comments. With the development of flexible endoscope, endoscopic surgery is opening a door for NOTES. Similarly, TEA eliminates abdominal incisions and has several advantages.3 However

Objective Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) arises in the setting of Barrett’s oesophagus, an intestinal metaplastic precursor lesion that can develop in patients with chronic GERD. Here, we investigated the role of acidic bile salts, the mimicry of reflux, in activation of NOTCH signaling in EAC. Design This study used public databases, EAC cell line models, L2-IL1β transgenic mouse model and human

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence supports a carcinogenic role of Escherichia coli carrying the polyketide synthase (pks) island that encodes enzymes for colibactin biosynthesis. We hypothesized that the association of western-style diet (rich in red and processed meat) with colorectal cancer incidence might be stronger for tumors containing higher amounts of pks+ E. coli. METHODS Western diet score was

ABSTRACT While the intestinal microbiome seems a major driver of persistent immune defects in people with HIV (PWH), little is known about its fungal component, the mycobiome. We assessed the inter-kingdom mycobiome–bacteriome interactions, the impact of diet, and the association with the innate and adaptive immunity in PWH on antiretroviral therapy. We included 24 PWH individuals and 12 healthy controls

Background and Aims Proactive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been proposed to improve outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α antagonists. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing proactive TDM with conventional management in patients with IBD. Methods We identified RCTs in

Only 12 high-income countries are on track to meet the World Health Organization’s goal of eliminating hepatitis C as a public health threat by 2030, and micro-elimination opportunities in high-risk populations in settings such as hospitals are often overlooked. We propose ten steps to eliminate hepatitis C in hospitals.

ABSTRACT Some serovars of Salmonella are not or rare found to cause salmonellosis in human. In our clinic-based surveillance, three rare Salmonella 4,5,12:a:- strains were recovered from three patients with diarrhea. To explore their genetic and epidemiological characteristics and pathogenesis, we conducted whole-genome sequencing, in vitro invasion assays in mammalian cells, and in vivo virulence

Objective Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibition and adoptive cellular therapy have had limited success in patients with microsatellite stable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). We sought to evaluate the effect of interleukin 10 (IL-10) blockade on endogenous T cell and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell antitumour function in CRLM slice cultures. Design We created

Objective Cell-cell (CC) and cell-matrix (CM) adhesions are essential for epithelial cell survival, yet dissociation-induced apoptosis is frequently circumvented in malignant cells. Design We explored CC and CM dependence in 58 gastric cancer (GC) organoids by withdrawing either ROCK inhibitor, matrix or both to evaluate their tumorigenic potential in terms of apoptosis resistance, correlation with

We read with great interest the excellent study by Carbone et al ,1 which evaluated the role of a fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP)-lowering diet versus otilonium bromide (OB) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The study is an important addition to the growing literature evaluating the role of diets in IBS,2 but is unique by being the first

BACKGROUND & AIMS Cirrhosis-related complications are a major burden. Rifaximin soluble solid dispersion (SSD) tablets (immediate-release [IR]; sustained extended-release [SER]) were designed to increase rifaximin water solubility. These analyses evaluate dosing for prevention of cirrhosis complication-related hospitalizations/mortality and overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) treatment. METHODS Two

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Background Patients with Acute Pancreatitis (AP) have at least a two-fold higher risk for developing post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM). No therapies have prevented PPDM. Statins were demonstrated to possibly lower the incidence and severity of AP but have not been studied to prevent PPDM. Methods Data from a commercial insurance claim database (Optum Clinformatics) was used to assess the impact

We read with great interest the report on risk of incident diabetes mellitus among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by Mantovani et al .1 The bidirectional relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and liver disease has been largely evaluated.2–4 However, optimal therapeutic options for T2D in patients with metabolic syndrome remain unclear. Several randomised trials have shown that

Objective An international meeting was organised to develop consensus on (1) the landmarks to define the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ), (2) the occurrence and pathophysiological significance of the cardiac gland, (3) the definition of the gastro-oesophageal junctional zone (GOJZ) and (4) the causes of inflammation, metaplasia and neoplasia occurring in the GOJZ. Design Clinical questions relevant

Background Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as

BACKGROUND & AIMS The prevalence of clinically significant endoscopic findings in people with dyspepsia and understanding how symptoms can predict endoscopic pathology can help inform dyspepsia guidelines. We evaluated this in an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 2010 through to

Background and Aims Exhaustion of CD8 T cells has been suggested to inform different clinical outcomes in Crohn’s disease (CD) but detailed analyses are lacking. This study aimed to identify the role of exhaustion on a single-cell level and identify relevant CD8 T cell populations in CD. Methods Blood and intestinal tissue from 58 CD patients (active disease or remission) were assessed for CD8 T cell

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Background & Aims Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of gut–brain interaction associated with significant disease burden. This American Gastroenterological Association guideline is intended to support practitioners in decisions about the use of medications for the pharmacological management of IBS-C and is an update of a prior technical review and guideline. Methods The Grading of

Background & Aims Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder associated with significant disease burden. This American Gastroenterological Association Guideline is intended to support practitioners in decisions about the use of medications for the pharmacological management of IBS with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) and is an update of a prior technical review and

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Background and Aims Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is the mainstay of therapy for large colorectal polyps. Local recurrence after EMR is common and can be reduced using margin ablation. Our aim was to evaluate recurrence rates when using hybrid argon plasma coagulation - HybridAPC® (h-APC) -ablation after EMR. Methods Adult patients (18–89 years) undergoing EMR of nonpedunculated colorectal polyps

Background and aims During endoscopy, droplets with the potential to transmit COVID-19 are known to emanate from a patient’s mouth and anus, but they may also be expelled from the biopsy channel of the endoscope. The main goal of our study was to quantify droplets emerging from the biopsy channel during clinical endoscopy. Methods A novel light scattering device was used to measure droplets emanating

Background and Aims Endoscopic resection is a feasible treatment for gastrointestinal extraluminal tumors, but remains a challenging procedure with limited data. In this study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of endoscopic resection for extraluminal tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Methods From May 2016 to December 2021, 109 patients undergoing endoscopic resection for extraluminal tumors

Background and aims Focal cryoballoon ablation (FCBA) is currently investigated for the treatment of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) related neoplasia in a European multicenter study (Euro-Coldplay study). After inclusion of 28/107 patients, the initial dose of 10 seconds (s) was lowered to 8s. The current study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of a single FCBA treatment session with 10s versus 8s

Background and Aims Optical diagnosis (OD) of polyps can be performed with advanced endoscopic imaging. For high confidence diagnoses, a “resect and discard” strategy could offer significant histopathology time and cost savings. The implementation threshold is a ≥90% OD-histology surveillance interval concordance. Aims: assess OD learning curve and feasibility of “resect and discard” strategy for ≤5mm

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Background and aims The risk of progression in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) increases with development of dysplasia. There is a critical need to improve the diagnosis of BE dysplasia, given substantial interobserver disagreement among expert pathologists and overcalls of dysplasia by community pathologists. We developed a deep learning model to predict dysplasia grade on whole slide imaging. Methods We

Background and Aims The large-scale effects of duodenoscopes on the environment and public health have not been quantified. Our aim was to perform an exploratory Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) comparing environmental and human health effects of single-use (SD) and reusable duodenoscopes (RD). Methods We evaluated three duodenoscopes: 1) conventional RD; 2) RD with disposable endcaps; and 3) SD. The primary

Background and Aims Newly designed duodenoscopes with disposable distal caps have been developed for better cleaning and preprocessing to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination (BC). We compared BC and organic residue of duodenoscopes with disposable distal caps and duodenoscopes with fixed distal caps after manual cleaning and high-level disinfection (HLD). Methods 400 duodenoscopes were randomized

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There has been significant progress in the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) since the 2017 American Gastroenterological Association-sponsored Freston conference Extracellular Vesicles: Biology, Translation and Clinical Application in GI Disorders. The burgeoning interest in this field stems from the increasing recognition that EVs represent an understudied form of cell-to-cell communication and

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