INTRODUCTION The relationship between housing instability and e-cigarette and traditional tobacco use, particularly for sexual minority students, has received little attention. This study investigates the association between housing instability, e-cigarettes, and traditional tobacco use in sexual minorities and heterosexual adolescents. METHODS We used 2021 and 2023 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data

OBJECTIVE Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people account for up to 40% of youth experiencing homelessness. SGM youth experiencing homelessness report a higher likelihood of engaging in behavior that puts them at risk of acquiring HIV. To address this increased risk, it is necessary to identify difference in awareness and use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among SGM youth experiencing homelessness

BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalisations in infants worldwide. The primary analyses of HARMONIE showed that nirsevimab reduced infant hospitalisations due to RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection through the RSV season. This analysis aims to evaluate nirsevimab's efficacy at 180 days after dosing, a period exceeding

BACKGROUND Risk stratification tools for paediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in well-resourced settings are scarce. We prospectively developed models to predict CAP severity within a multinational cohort of paediatric emergency departments (EDs). Our primary objective was to develop a risk prediction model to discriminate between mild CAP and moderate or severe CAP to assist clinicians in

Advances in paediatric haematopoietic cell transplantation strategies using immune-effector cells (HCT-IEC) and in intensive care management have improved survival expectations for patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases. However, critical illness still complicates the clinical course for 10-35% of patients undergoing HCT-IEC because of disease-related complications or treatment-related

BACKGROUND Neary 70 million people in the United States live in households where English is not the primary language. Language barriers cause significant challenges to health care use among non-English-speaking populations. We compared the use of preventive care among English, Spanish, and non-English-non-Spanish (NENS) speaking households. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the nationally representative

OBJECTIVE To explore the psychosocial experiences of African American families affected by childhood cancer. METHODS A qualitative investigation was conducted using grounded theory methods. Data collection consisted of in-depth semistructured interviews of purposively sampled participants. Eligible participants were English-speaking parents who self-identified as African American and whose children

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Adultification is the process by which children, particularly Black girls, are perceived and treated as more mature or adult-like than their peers, often resulting in the denial of their childhood experiences and the imposition of adult expectations. This study seeks to explore the impact of adultification on Black girls' identity formation and the overall well-being of Black

In recent years, the use of longitudinal studies in mental health research has grown, particularly in the United Kingdom. These studies provide numerous benefits and improvements in mental health research, such as facilitating the early detection of risk factors for mental health problems. Nevertheless, they also come with drawbacks, including their high financial costs and the complexity involved

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Youth overdose deaths have remained elevated in recent years as the illicit drug supply has become increasingly contaminated with fentanyl and other synthetics. There is a need to better understand fatal drug combinations and how trends have changed over time and across sociodemographic groups in this age group. METHODS We used the National Vital Statistics System's multiple

BACKGROUND People with cystic fibrosis can have impaired insulin secretion and hyperglycaemia before meeting the diagnostic criteria for cystic fibrosis-related diabetes during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin therapy given to such patients was associated with improved weight and lung function in several small, uncontrolled trials but might increase treatment burden and cause hypoglycaemia

This Viewpoint discusses the standard treatment for childhood obesity and advocates a more evidence-based approach to prevent the development of severe comorbidities in children who have obesity.

ImportanceSuicide ideation and suicide-related behavior (eg, suicide attempts) are increasingly prevalent among adolescents. Evidence supports safety planning interventions for adults at risk for suicide; the effectiveness for adolescents is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of safety planning as a standalone intervention for adolescents with suicide ideation and/or suicide-related behavior

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Use of flavored oral nicotine products (ONPs), including nicotine pouches and other ONPs (eg, gums and lozenges) is increasing among adolescents who use e-cigarettes (ie, vape). It is unknown whether ONP use is associated with vaping behaviors. METHODS We used data from 6 semiannual waves of a prospective cohort of Southern California adolescents (2021-2024). Among participants

OBJECTIVE Determine the prevalence of advancing and graduating residents with concerns as well as attesting readiness to the American Board of Pediatrics for residents not deemed ready at graduation among pediatric program directors. METHODS Surveys were sent to pediatric program directors from July to September 2024 to explore their experiences of graduating residents for whom they had concerns, graduating

CONTEXT Various medical and social factors are associated with adverse neurodevelopment in children born very preterm. Analyses accounting for confounders involving representative samples are essential to quantify the effects of different factors. OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review the effects of various risk factors on neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18 to 36 months of age in children

Metabolic acidosis and hyperlactatemia are known complications of acute metformin toxicity. However, acute cardiac complications are less well described. A 13-year-old female presented following a 150-g metformin ingestion. She developed severe metabolic acidosis, hyperlactatemia, and acute kidney injury requiring intubation and continuous renal replacement therapy. Despite rapid correction of her

Menstrual poverty occurs when inadequate access to menstrual hygiene education or financial hardship creates difficulties in sufficiently accessing menstrual hygiene products, which results in adverse outcomes for emotional well-being, school attendance, and health autonomy. The American Academy of Pediatrics recently endorsed a position statement to eliminate menstrual poverty in adolescents and young

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The specialty of neonatology faces significant and growing challenges related to patient safety, physician well-being, and workforce sustainability that highlight the necessity for innovative work models. Our objective was to develop consensus recommendations to improve neonatologist staffing practices in the United States. METHODS We used a modified Delphi process with 32

Determining whether a discharge plan is safe relies on both objective and subjective evaluations. These safety determinations are often made with the goal of having children reintegrated into their community. In the case of pediatric mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy, the stakes for discharge home are high given potential morbidity and mortality risk if there are insufficient services in place

Importance Previous studies suggest that administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents darbepoetin or erythropoietin to preterm infants results in fewer transfusions, fewer donor exposures, and improved neurodevelopmental outcome. Objective To determine if, compared with placebo, preterm infants randomized to weekly darbepoetin would have greater red cell mass during hospitalization and better

This cross-sectional study estimates the prevalence of US children and adolescents with exposure to parental substance use disorder that meets the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) criteria.

ImportanceResearch documenting the pregnancy experiences of transgender boys and nonbinary youth assigned female at birth (AFAB) in the US is lacking.ObjectiveTo examine AFAB youth sexual health indicators by gender.Design, Setting, ParticipantsSelf-reported data were collected cross-sectionally from 2018 through 2020. Initial analyses were conducted in 2023 and analyses were finalized in September

ImportanceBoth tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) are recommended for children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). However, their comparative effectiveness and safety have not been evaluated through randomized clinical trials.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness and safety of TAC and MMF in children with FRNS or SDNS.Design

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The prescription of stimulant medications for young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is common and increasing. Concerns have been raised about potentially psychotogenic effects of stimulants, and previous observational research has documented an increased risk of psychotic experiences in young people prescribed stimulants. Our aim was to estimate the causal

This longitudinal study (data collected from 2019 to 2023) examines the relation between Spanish-English bilingual Latino toddlers' (n=46; F=22; M=24) early gesture production (Mage=18.67 months; SDage=1.02) and later language skills (Mage=36.87 months; SDage=0.81). Video recordings at child-age 18-months yielded counts of children's speech and gesture production; the latter included gesture words

Child and adolescent mental health problems stem from an interaction between biological and environmental factors. In the past decades, conceptualizations of genetic and neurobiological factors have become increasingly detailed. Development of our conceptualizations of environmental factors, in contrast, is lacking behind. Environmental adversity is usually conceptualized as one rather global factor

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Current training models do not adequately prepare pediatricians to care for children with medical complexity (CMC) as part of a team. Narrative medicine may foster mutual understanding between clinicians and families with colearning as a foundation for collaborative care. In this study, we implemented family-led interprofessional narrative medicine training and explored participants'

Neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) is caused by injury to the C5 to T1 nerve roots, which are responsible for both sensory and motor functions in the upper limbs. Importantly, NBPP is not always linked to delivery-related trauma. We present the case of a 16-day-old neonate who was evaluated in the emergency department for fever, lethargy, and skin pallor. In the context of an infection, the infant

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pediatric medical device (PMD) development lags behind device development for adults. We sought to identify infrastructure elements that support the conduct of PMD clinical trials (PMD-CTs). METHODS We conducted a multistage modified Delphi process with 25 panelists who were experts on different aspects of PMD-CTs to identify and rate the importance of infrastructure elements

This JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page discusses health insurance, including Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program, for children.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Celiac disease (CD) is underdiagnosed and thus untreated in many cases. Untreated CD may be associated with severe health complications, increased morbidity and mortality, and considerable burdens to health care systems. Our objectives were to prospectively assess whether implementation of case finding in young children at the Dutch Preventive Youth Health Care Centers (YHCCs)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In 2023, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended either Abrysvo, a vaccine administered during pregnancy, or nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody administered to infants after birth, to protect infants from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Our objective was to assess the proportion of infants immunized against RSV through antenatal RSV vaccination or receipt

ImportanceParental technology use in a child’s presence (hereafter, PTU), often referred to as technoference, is a growing concern in family dynamics, and no studies have quantitatively synthesized associations with children’s health and development.ObjectiveTo systematically review and synthesize literature on associations between PTU in their child’s presence and motor development, cognitive development

ImportancePrenatal cannabis use continues to increase, and cannabis remains the most commonly used illegal substance in pregnancy. Accumulating evidence suggests potential adverse effects on fetal and neonatal outcomes following cannabis use in pregnancy.ObjectiveTo update a living systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a timely understanding regarding cannabis use in pregnancy and fetal and

This meta‐analytic review explored the characteristics and effectiveness of combined language (e.g., vocabulary) and code (e.g., phonological awareness) interventions, including synergistic intervention effects for at‐risk preschoolers. Data from 29 randomized controlled trials, published before March 2023, reporting on 43 interventions, including 9333 children (4–6 years; 55% male, 45% African American

Growing up with multiple siblings might negatively affect language development. This study examined the associations between birth order, sibling characteristics and parent‐reported vocabulary size in 6163 Norwegian 8‐ to 36‐month‐old children (51.4% female). Results confirmed that birth order was negatively associated with vocabulary, yet exhibited a U‐shaped pattern. A data‐driven measure of “child‐to‐caregiver