Background Existing asthma polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have minimal validation in African‐ancestry populations, leaving gaps in our understanding of the wide applicability of PRSs. To widen our understanding of the applicability of asthma PRSs, we apply published PRSs in African‐ancestry individuals and quantify the extent to which the PRS‐asthma relationship is mediated by clinical biomarkers and

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is influenced by a wide range of chemical, biological and physical agents that can negatively impact physical, immunological and mental health. Adverse health effects depend on the type and concentration of pollutants, duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility. The availability of data on IAQ is limited, as are standardized approaches for evaluating its health impact

Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) impacts quality of life, work and school productivity. Over the last years, an important body of evidence resulting from mHealth data has led to a better understanding of AR. Such advances have motivated an EAACI‐endorsed update of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines (ARIA 2024–2025). This manuscript presents the ARIA 2024–2025 recommendations

Background Heat‐not‐burn (HnB) tobacco products are marketed as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes (CC), yet their health effects remain controversial, largely based on industry‐funded studies. We aimed to assess lung function in HnB and CC users and examine the mechanistic effects of HnB exposure using animal and in vitro models. Methods Spirometry data from 650 non‐smokers (NS), 293 CC

The WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee is an international body of experts that maintains the systematic nomenclature of allergenic proteins by assigning official names to newly identified allergens submitted by researchers. Here, we summarize the data on new allergens approved between 2021 and 2024. The sub-committee assigned names to 112 new allergens with 124 isoallergens/variants as well

Type 2 (T2) inflammation is central to allergic disorders. Glycosylation, a post‐translational modification, is emerging as a pivotal regulator in T2 inflammation and associated allergic diseases. This review synthesizes current knowledge on glycosylation patterns of key T2 inflammation players, including cytokines, immunoglobulins (e.g., IgE, IgG4) and their receptors, STAT6, mucins, and CTLA‐4. We

Background Previously, we reported the success of egg oral immunotherapy (OIT) in liberating most participants from dietary restrictions. The diminishing symptoms and declining inflammation were accompanied by differential expression of genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 50 egg‐allergic children following 8 months of OIT. Methods Here, we explore the impact of OIT on long non‐coding

Background Early‐life microbial exposure to microbes may play a role in asthma development. This study tests the hypothesis that mothers born in low‐income countries might have been exposed to diverse microbes—leading to greater diversity and higher levels of transplacental anti‐microbial antibodies, thereby conferring protection against asthma in offspring. Methods In the prospective Boston Birth

Background Allergic sensitization to cats and other furry animals is a major cause of asthma and allergic rhinitis in more than 200 million people worldwide. According to the frequency of IgE recognition, allergen‐specific IgE levels, and allergenic activity, Fel d 4 is a major allergen in the cat ( Felis domesticus ). The lipocalin allergen Fel d 4 is highly homologous to dog (Can f 6) and major horse

The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines produced their first edition in 1999, with subsequent revisions in 2008, 2010, 2016 and 2019. A new iteration of ARIA—ARIA 2024–2025—in collaboration with EAACI is currently being developed, focusing on the management of allergic rhinitis. ARIA 2024–2025 follows the GRADE framework and is endorsed by the European Academy of Allergy and

Objectives Immunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is frequently accompanied by allergic/atopic manifestations, yet its allergen‐specific antibody landscape remains poorly defined. Therefore, we detected allergen‐specific IgE and IgG4 levels in patients with IgG4‐RD to clarify their contribution to IgG4‐RD pathogenesis. Methods In total, 826 plasma samples from 370 patients with IgG4‐RD and 354

Background OIT‐induced gastrointestinal eosinophilic reactions (OITIGER) is comprised of abdominal pain/vomiting unrelated to the timing of dose administration, typically associated with increased absolute eosinophil counts (AEC). Previously described risk factors during milk OIT included higher baseline AEC, higher OIT starting dose (SD) and faster dose increase. The effect of a revised milk OIT protocol

Background Clinical trials (CTs) have shown that allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is effective for local allergic rhinitis (LAR) while treatment is ongoing. However, its long‐term effects remain unknown. This study investigates the long‐term clinical and preventive effect of AIT in responder LAR patients. Methods LAR patients obtaining a clinical benefit from 1‐year CT of subcutaneous AIT were enrolled

Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukins (IL)‐4/IL‐13 signaling, demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials for atopic dermatitis. However, real‐world variability remains underexplored. A systematic review with meta‐regression was conducted to primarily assess geographic influences on dupilumab efficacy measured by percentage eczema area severity index (EASI) reduction and secondly, the

The identification of predictive markers for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (RCRSwNP) is essential for advancing precision medicine. In this review, we systematically reviewed the literature on the predictive value of clinical characteristics and biomarkers for RCRSwNP, aiming to better understand current findings and support medical therapy for these patients. PubMed, EMBASE,

Background While significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular characteristics of inflammatory skin diseases, their systemic impact warrants further investigation. A comprehensive large‐scale study that examines systemic proteomic expression across the most common inflammatory skin diseases is currently lacking. Methods Serum from 38 alopecia areata/ AA , 41 atopic dermatitis/ AD

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, relapsing inflammatory skin disease driven by an immune imbalance, microbial dysbiosis, and skin barrier impairment, culminating in (neurogenic) inflammation and itch. We hypothesized that the neuropeptide and pruritogen endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) contributes to AD pathology by impeding skin barrier formation via its cognate receptor ETAR and TRPA1, a cation

Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare and potentially life‐threatening disorder caused by dysregulated kallikrein–kinin signaling and bradykinin‐induced vascular hyperpermeability. Current therapies targeting this pathway are effective but require lifelong administration, underscoring the need for durable and potentially curative interventions. Adenine base editors (ABEs), engineered from

Background Routine allergy diagnostic assessment relies on the patient's medical history, skin testing, and the detection of specific IgE ( sIgE ) in the serum. In addition, molecular allergy diagnostics and the basophil activation test ( BAT ) can be used; however, these additional tests are costly and sometimes time‐consuming. Therefore, our objective was to identify the test with the highest sensitivity

Background Molecular immunoglobulin E ( IgE ) reactivity profiling with multiple micro‐arrayed allergens is a valuable tool in allergy diagnosis and has provided fundamental insights into the evolution of allergic sensitization in longitudinal birth cohort studies. However, there is a need for systematic cross‐sectional population‐based studies. Methods A prospective, systematic and cross‐sectional

Background Diagnostic strategies for cephalosporin allergy are not well defined due to differences in inclusion criteria among studies and a lack of standardised diagnostic tests. Our aim was to describe the characteristics of patients with a suspicion of cephalosporin allergy and to analyse the role of in vivo tests. Methods Patients with suspected cephalosporin allergy were prospectively evaluated

BACKGROUND Dupilumab is effective in treating patients with type-2 dominant chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (T2-CRSwNP). Dosing starts at an interval of 1×/2 weeks (Q2W) with possible tapering upon disease control. Prolonging the interdose interval reduces patient burden and side effects and improves cost-effectiveness. OBJECTIVES (1) Analyze how many patients successfully reach and maintain

IgE B cells produce antibodies responsible for the inappropriate specificity seen in allergic disease. In this study, we sequence antibody gene repertoires from a large, well‐characterized early life cohort at risk for developing food allergy. We found that food allergen sensitization was associated with lower IgE mutation frequencies that was abrogated in children living with a pet dog, suggesting

Background Previous cluster analyses have identified subgroups of asthma. However, only a few studies included parameters of small airways dysfunction (SAD), or gene expression profiles reflecting underlying disease mechanisms. We aimed to identify clinically distinct asthma phenotypes, beyond GINA asthma severity, using available data from the ATLANTIS study which focused on identifying the prevalence

Background IgE is the central driver of allergic responses. Prior studies have defined the conformation of the IgE Fc fragment bound to the FcεRIα ectodomain and the dynamic properties of the IgE Fc. It remains unknown, how these prior studies translate to the complex of a full antibody including the Fab arms with the receptor. Methods For structural analysis, crystallography, cryo‐EM and negative

Background Rapid reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are vital to combat climate change. Healthcare systems contribute ~5% of global GHG emissions, with pressurised metered‐dose inhalers (pMDIs) a significant contributor owing to their hydrofluorocarbon propellants. This study compared GHG emissions of a salbutamol pMDI using a low‐carbon propellant in clinical development, hydrofluoroalkane

The double‐blind placebo‐controlled oral food challenge (DBPCFC) has been the “gold standard” for diagnosing IgE‐mediated food allergy for the past 50 years. Despite tremendous strides in our understanding of basic mechanisms and clinical features of food allergy, we remain dependent on refinements of old technologies, i.e., skin tests and serum IgE measurements, to complement clinical history in making

Asthma is a complex airway disorder driven by diverse immunological pathways. While type 2 (T2)‐mediated inflammation is well characterized, the mechanisms underlying T2‐low (also referred to as mixed inflammatory phenotype) or non‐T2‐mediated asthma, often associated with Th1/Th17‐driven immune responses and high pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation, remain poorly understood. This study investigates

Background IgG4‐related chronic rhinosinusitis (IgG4‐CRS) is a new clinical entity characterized by nasal lesions; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to reveal single‐cell transcriptomic changes in patients with IgG4‐CRS via single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and illustrate its pathogenesis at the single‐cell level. Methods Nasal mucosal tissues from five patients with

Background Seborrheic dermatitis ( SD ) is a common skin disease characterized by epithelial barrier breakdown. The epithelial barrier theory ( EBT ) implicates epithelial barrier disruption in the development of epithelial barrier diseases ( EBDs ). We hypothesized that SD is associated with an increased risk of EBDs and investigated the bidirectional association between SD and EBDs . Methods Retrospective

Aspartame has been widely used as a sweetener in foods and beverages since the 1980s. In this study, we aimed to assess its effects on gut epithelial cell biology, inflammation and the epithelial barrier. We found that aspartame induces cytotoxic effects, disrupts the epithelial barrier and triggers proinflammatory cytokine release in gastrointestinal epithelial cells, organoids and gut‐on‐a‐chip models

Background Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous disease characterised by airway remodelling, inflammation, and mucus production. Airway macrophages' functions are underpinned by changes in cellular metabolism. The TCA cycle‐derived metabolite itaconic acid (whose synthesis is mediated by aconitate decarboxylase) is a master regulator of macrophage function; however, its role during inhaled allergen challenge

Wildfire smoke is a major environmental health threat that has increased in frequency and severity in recent years. A hazardous component of wildfire smoke is particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ). There is evidence to suggest that exposure to wildfire PM 2.5 may increase the risk of developing or exacerbating atopic diseases, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Certain communities