The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is updating the Guidelines on Food Allergy Diagnosis. We aimed to undertake a systematic review of the literature with meta-analyses to assess the accuracy of diagnostic tests for IgE-mediated food allergy. We searched three databases (Cochrane CENTRAL (Trials), MEDLINE (OVID) and Embase (OVID)) for diagnostic test accuracy studies published

Selecting relevant and meaningful outcomes to assess efficacy of medication is of great importance, although not devoid of challenges.1 A lack of guidance and consensus in this domain can lead to substantial heterogeneity in selected outcomes as illustrated by a recent systematic review of trials investigating acute medication for hereditary angioedema (HAE) in this Journal.2 Inconsistency in chosen

Over 200 health journals call on the United Nations, political leaders, and health professionals to recognise that climate change and biodiversity loss are one indivisible crisis and must be tackled together to preserve health and avoid catastrophe. This overall environmental crisis is now so severe as to be a global health emergency. The world is currently responding to the climate crisis and the

The importance of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is multifaceted, encompassing both clinical and quality-of-life improvements and cost-effectiveness in the long term. Key mechanisms of allergen tolerance induced by AIT include changes in memory type allergen-specific T- and B-cell responses towards a regulatory phenotype with decreased Type 2 responses, suppression of allergen-specific IgE and increased

The KIT receptor tyrosine kinase is primarily expressed in mature immune cells, predominantly mast cells. Together with its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), it controls mast cell proliferation and survival.1 In asthma, KIT expression is upregulated in the airways,2 and inhibition of KIT signaling ameliorates both experimental asthma in mice and severe asthma in humans.3, 4 However, a comprehensive analysis

Immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (IDHRs) are a burden for patients and the health systems. This problem increases when taking into account that only a small proportion of patients initially labelled as allergic are finally confirmed after an allergological workup. The diverse nature of drugs involved will imply different interactions with the immunological system. Therefore, IDHRs can be produced

Anti-T2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for severe-eosinophilc asthma have been recently investigated for EGPA.1 Few cases of severe asthma patients developing EGPA while on omalizumab,2 benralizumab3 or dupilumab4 have been published. We aimed to describe EGPA onset during anti-T2 mAbs treatment for severe asthma in a multinational cohort. Our retrospective study involving 19 European EGPA Study Group

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT Lasse Saarimäki, Juho Kivistö, Sauli Palmu, Heini Huhtala, and Jussi Karjalainen declare no conflicts of interest. Jennifer L. P. Potudjer: JP is Section Head, Allied Health; and Co-Lead, Research Pillar for the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and is on the steering committee for Canada's National Food Allergy Action Plan. She reports consulting for

To the Editor, Asthma is a complex pulmonary disorder that affects 300 million patients worldwide, and is characterized by airway remodeling, a cardinal feature of which is aberrant airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell proliferation.1 ASM hyperplasia leads to thickening of the airway wall, which exacerbates airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and narrowing during asthma attacks. T helper type 2 (Th2) lung

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT JFEK receives funding from ALK Abello A/S. DDL and SF report no conflicts of interest.

It has been almost one decade since the first and last EAACI Food Allergy Guidelines were published.1 These have recently been updated and include two modules, one on diagnosis and another one on management of IgE-mediated food allergy—this editorial focuses on the first module about diagnosis, which is published in this issue of Allergy.2 The EAACI guidelines on diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy

This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology guideline provides recommendations for diagnosing IgE-mediated food allergy and was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Food allergy diagnosis starts with an allergy-focused clinical history followed by tests to determine IgE sensitization, such as serum allergen-specific IgE

The exponential growth of precision diagnostic tools, including omic technologies, molecular diagnostics, sophisticated genetic and epigenetic editing, imaging and nano-technologies and patient access to extensive health care, has resulted in vast amounts of unbiased data enabling in-depth disease characterization. New disease endotypes have been identified for various allergic diseases and triggered

To the editor The basophil activation test (BAT) has significant potential as a diagnostic tool to better phenotype and manage patients with IgE-mediated allergies, so that only a small proportion of patients need to be challenged. Sample, reagent, laboratory procedure, analysis protocols, and population characteristics can influence BAT performance.1, 2 Regulatory approval and clinical implementation

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe, chronic ocular allergic disease affecting mostly children and young adults, characterized by a Type 2 (T2) inflammation with possible corneal involvement and visual loss.1 Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, are required to treat moderate to severe cases not responding to conventional antiallergic drugs

In 2014, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) published the first systematic review that summarized the prevalence of food allergy (FA) and food sensitization in Europe for studies published 2000–2012. However, only summary estimates for tree nut allergy (TNA) were feasible in that work. In the current update of that systematic review, we summarized the prevalence of tree

Allergic diseases are extremely common disorders. Air pollutants may play an important role in inducing and exacerbating symptoms, resulting in significant increases in hospital visits.1, 2 Previous studies commonly evaluated the effects of ambient air pollutants on allergic diseases based on population-average exposure data by averaging the levels of air pollutants at several air-monitoring stations

Allergic sensitization is a complex process, characterized by the development of a heightened immune response to harmless substances, known as allergens. Identifying contributors to this response is crucial to understand its mechanisms and to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. In this context, protein ligands have gained attention since the ligand carried by some plant pathogenesis-related

Skin barrier dysfunction is associated with the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), however methods to assess skin barrier function are limited. We investigated the use of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to detect skin barrier dysfunction in children with AD of the CARE (Childhood AlleRgy, nutrition, and Environment) cohort.

Patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD) show an attenuated immune response and imbalanced microbiome environment that favors Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).1 Bacterial products are recognized via Toll-like receptors (TLR) of the immune system leading to maturation of dendritic cells (DC).2 Recently, we showed that Langerhans cells (LC), DC in the epidermis, from ex vivo AD skin had an inhibited

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT JVB: Advisory Board for GSK. The authors otherwise have no relevant conflicts of interest.

The prevalence and complexity of allergic disease have risen over the last decades, both in adults and children, resulting in a significant burden for the allergic patients and their families, also including quality of life and indirect effects, such as losing days of work or school.1-4 Hence, training in Allergy and Clinical Immunology (ACI) needs to keep up with the rising professional demand in

1 INTRODUCTION There is growing awareness of the need to deliver cost-effective, high-quality, zero-carbon health care.1 The healthcare system needs to leverage developments in digital health to improve cost-effectiveness. This could contribute to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and represents a key strategy in the fight against the climate crisis. The term ‘digital health’ includes advanced

To the Editor, Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses, as well as the presence of bilateral nasal polyps (NP). A substantial fraction of CRSwNP patients remains uncontrolled, despite previous treatment with local and systemic corticosteroids, surgery, or both, which constitutes a significant socioeconomic

Food-induced immediate response of the esophagus (FIRE) is a new phenomenon that has been described in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients. It is suspected when unpleasant symptoms occur suddenly on contact of the triggering food with the esophageal surface and recur with repeated exposures. It can often be mistaken for pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) and solid food dysphagia. Data on FIRE

The nature of epitopes on Bet v 1 recognized by natural IgG antibodies of birch pollen allergic patients and birch pollen-exposed but non-sensitized subjects has not been studied in detail.

Over the past years, eosinophils have become a focus of scientific interest, especially in the context of their recently uncovered functions (e.g. antiviral, anti-inflammatory, regulatory). These versatile cells display both beneficial and detrimental activities under various physiological and pathological conditions. Eosinophils are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases which can be classified

Neutrophil migration into the airways is a key process in neutrophilic asthma. Developmental endothelial locus-1 (DEL-1), an extracellular matrix protein, is a neutrophil adhesion inhibitor that attenuates neutrophilic inflammation.