Background Folliculitis decalvans (FD) is a form of inflamed primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA). FD is classified as a neutrophilic PCA; however, only a few previous studies have described its histopathology, including the assessment of systematically evaluated and quantified follicular changes in horizontally sectioned biopsy specimens with clinical and dermoscopic findings of the early and advanced

Background Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction that can have fatal complications. While substantial data exists regarding DRESS in adults, a systematic review of available literature has not been performed in children. Objective To review available data on DRESS in the pediatric population. Methods A systematic literature review

Background Biologic medications for plaque psoriasis have been used to treat erythrodermic psoriasis (EP). Since the guidelines for management of EP were published, new biologics have been approved for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Objective To analyze the evidence of biologic medications in the treatment of EP based on response and tolerability. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted with

Background Long-term safety of topical calcineurin inhibitors is not well understood. APPLES™ (A Prospective Pediatric Longitudinal Evaluation to Assess the Long-Term Safety of Tacrolimus Ointment for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis (AD); NCT00475605) examined incidence of lymphoma and other cancers in a pediatric AD population. Objective To quantify incident malignancies during 10 years in children

Background The literature surrounding survival of patients with multiple primary melanomas (MPM) yields variable and opposing findings, constrained by statistical challenges. Objectives To critically examine the available literature regarding survival of patients with MPM compared with single primary melanomas (SPM) and detail statistical methods employed. Methods Electronic searches of Pubmed, Embase

Background Although the clinical hair changes that occur under treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) are documented, their trichoscopic features have not been reported. Objective To evaluate the trichoscopic findings in scalp and facial hair, induced by EGFRI-treatment. Methods Patients treated with EGFRIs at a tertiary onco-dermatology clinic in 2015-2017 were evaluated

Background Chronic nodular prurigo (CNPG) is a multifactorial skin disease characterized by itchy papules and nodules, usually resistant to standard treatment and associated to markedly impaired quality of life. Objective To describe dupilumab effectiveness and tolerability in treating adult patients with CNPG refractory to both topical and systemic therapies. Methods Retrospective, multicenter study

Background Multiple studies have reported on the accuracy of the prognostic 31-gene expression profile test (31-GEP) for cutaneous melanoma. Consistency of the test results across studies has not been systematically evaluated. Objective To assess the robustness of the prognostic value of the 31-GEP. Methods Raw data were obtained from studies identified from systematic review. A meta-analysis was performed

Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Previous studies have yielded divergent results on the prevalence of depression and anxiety in HS patients. Objective The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide a pooled estimate of the prevalence and odds of depression/anxiety in HS patients. Methods Search for and extraction of relevant literature without restrictions

Background Registry studies broadly describing the safety of systemic drugs in psoriasis are needed. Objective To describe the safety findings of systemic drugs (acitretin, adalimumab, apremilast, cyclosporine, etanercept, infliximab, methotrexate, secukinumab, ustekinumab) used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis in patients included in Biobadaderm. Methods The incidence rate ratio (IRR)

Background A spectrum of skin disease severity exists in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). Objective To characterize the patient reported outcomes and quality of life (QOL) in RDEB patients. Methods A cross-sectional study of RDEB patients surveyed through the global EBCare Registry. Patient reported outcomes included skin disease severity, wound characteristics, pain

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is commonly seen by general practitioners and often presents with neurologic symptoms of nocturnal pain and paresthesia along the median nerve distribution. Around 20% of cases also present with cutaneous findings (ulcerations, blistering, sclerodactyly, nail dystrophy) characterizing a severe form called necrotic CTS. Necrotic CTS can also be associated with bone changes

BACKGROUND FMX101 4% topical minocycline foam has been shown to be an effective and safe treatment for acne vulgaris (AV). OBJECTIVE To further evaluate the efficacy and safety of FMX101 4% in treating moderate to severe acne vulgaris. METHODS A 12-week, multicenter, randomized (1:1), double-blind, vehicle-controlled study was conducted. Coprimary end points were the absolute change in inflammatory

BACKGROUND Several studies have found that the microbiota of psoriatic lesions is different from that of healthy skin. OBJECTIVE To characterize the microbiota of lesional and unaffected skin in patients with psoriasis and controls and investigate the correlation between cutaneous microbiota and clinical features of psoriasis. METHODS Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA sequencing

Importance Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering disorder occurring mostly in the elderly that lacks adequate treatments Objective To describe our experience using dupilumab in a series of patients with bullous pemphigoid Methods This is a case series of patients from five academic centers receiving dupilumab for bullous pemphigoid Patients were eligible if they had a clinical diagnosis of

Background Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Early identification and treatment of SCARs may improve outcomes. Objective To identify biomarkers to predict outcomes in hospitalized cancer patients who developed SCARs. Methods Retrospective review of 144 hospitalized cancer patients with a morbilliform rash, recorded testing

Background A systematic review failed to identify any systemic therapy used in alopecia areata (AA) where use is supported by robust evidence from high quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Objective To produce an international consensus statement on the use and utility of various treatments for AA. Methods Fifty hair experts from 5 continents were invited to participate in a 3 round Delphi

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening conditions with high morbidity and mortality. Supportive care management of SJS/TEN is highly variable. A systematic review of the literature was performed by dermatologists, ophthalmologists, intensivists and gynecologists with expertise in SJS/TEN to generate statements for supportive care guideline development

Background Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a severe cutaneous adverse reaction, typically to a medication, that is characterized by fever, neutrophilia, and a disseminated non-follicular pustular eruption. AGEP is typically self-resolving upon withdrawal of the offending agent, however it is not without complications and distributive shock due to systemic inflammatory response

Background Few effective treatments are available for male pattern hair loss (MPHL) and especially for female pattern hair loss (FPHL). Recently, cell-based therapies using autologous or allogeneic cells have been used clinically. Objective We examined the safety and efficacy of autologous cell–based therapy using dermal sheath cup (DSC) cells to treat MPHL and FPHL. Methods DSCs dissected from occipital

Background Pigmented labial macules (PLM) are clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological challenges. Objective To describe and evaluate the utility of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in PLM and to establish a correlation between dermoscopy, RCM, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Methods Prospective study of PLM from four tertiary referral centers of Dermatology. Fifty-one (biopsy proven)

Background Psoriasis (PsO) is increasingly treated with systemic medications, yet their safety is not well characterized in children. Objective We sought to estimate the 6-month risk of serious infections in children with PsO treated with biologics, systemic non-biologics and phototherapy. Methods Using insurance claims data, we identified children <18 years with PsO and compared the frequency of serious

Background There is an increased incidence of malignancy in patients with dermatomyositis. It is unknown if the risk differs between the subtypes of dermatomyositis. Objective (1) Compare the prevalence of malignancy-associated dermatomyositis between patients with classic and clinically amyopathic disease. (2) Determine factors associated with an increased risk of malignancy-associated disease. Methods

BACKGROUND MoleMap NZ is a novel New Zealand based store-and-forward telemedicine service to detect melanoma. It utilizes expert review of total body photography and close-up and dermoscopic images of skin lesions suspicious for malignancy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of MoleMap NZ as a melanoma early detection program. METHODS We conducted a review of 2,108

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving multiple organ systems and affecting approximately 2% of the world's population. In this guideline, we focus the discussion on systemic, non-biologic medications for the treatment of this disease. We provide a detailed discussion of efficacy and safety for the most commonly used medications-including methotrexate, cyclosporine, and acitretin-and

Lichen planus is a benign inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that may affect the skin, mucosae, scalp and nails. When the nails are affected, it may lead to permanent destruction with severe functional and psychosocial consequences. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and early treatment are essential, even in mild cases. There are currently no guidelines for the management of nail lichen planus and

Warts are benign tumors which commonly involve the skin and other epithelial tissues, caused by human papilloma virus infection. Treatment of warts be difficult, although several treatment modalities are available. There is no single treatment which is 100% effective and different types of treatment may be combined. In recalcitrant warts, the treatment modalities available are cryotherapy, lasers,

BACKGROUND It is well-established that asthma is common in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVES We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in individuals with AD, and the association between AD and asthma. METHODS At least two authors independently searched the medical databases PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS and SCOPUS for

BACKGROUND Risk of melanoma is increased with potentially worse outcomes after solid organ transplant. OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence, stage, and survival in transplant recipients with melanoma. METHODS Population-based, retrospective, observational study using linked administrative databases. Adults receiving their first solid organ transplant from 1991 through 2012 were followed to December

Scabies is an ectoparasitic dermatosis caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis and is a public health issue in all countries regardless of socioeconomic status. In high-income countries, delays in diagnosis can lead to institutional outbreaks; in low- and middle-income countries, poor access to health care contributes to disease undertreatment and long-term systemic sequelae. With scabies now recognized

Pediculosis is an infestation of lice on the body, head, or pubic region that occurs worldwide. Lice are ectoparasites of the order Phthiraptera that feed on the blood of infested hosts. Their morphotype dictates their clinical features. Body lice may transmit bacterial pathogens that cause trench fever, relapsing fever, and epidemic typhus, which are potentially life-threatening diseases that remain

BACKGROUND Several European countries recently developed international diagnostic and management guidelines for pemphigus, which have been instrumental in the standardization of pemphigus management. OBJECTIVE We now present results from a subsequent Delphi consensus to broaden the generalizability of the recommendations. METHODS A preliminary survey, based on the European Dermatology Forum and the

BACKGROUND The associations and predictors of the gamut of autoimmune conditions in pemphigus and pemphigoid have been examined in few large-scale controlled studies. OBJECTIVE To examine associations of pemphigus or pemphigoid with autoimmune disorders and related outcomes in adults. METHODS Data from the 2002-2012 National Inpatient Sample were analyzed, including an ∼20% sample of all US hospitalizations

BACKGROUND Computer vision has promise in image-based cutaneous melanoma diagnosis but clinical utility is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To determine if computer algorithms from an international melanoma detection challenge can improve dermatologists' accuracy in diagnosing melanoma. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we used 150 dermoscopy images (50 melanomas, 50 nevi, 50 seborrheic keratoses) from the

BACKGROUND Focal or total skin radiation therapy can be used to treat mild to refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. OBJECTIVE To report the broad therapeutic benefit of radiation therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. METHODS Retrospective, single-institution review of outcomes for skin-directed radiation therapy. RESULTS Skin-directed radiation therapy showed a 99% response rate and 80% complete response

BACKGROUND Vitiligo is associated with medical conditions, primarily autoimmune disorders; however, only a few studies in the United States have investigated these associations. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to investigate the diseases associated with vitiligo in the New York, New York, population and evaluate if these associations differ by race/ethnicity and sex. METHODS In this retrospective study,

BACKGROUND Ingenol mebutate (IngMeb) 0.015% or 0.05% is approved for actinic keratosis (AK) areas of 25 cm2 or less; some patients require treatment of larger fields. OBJECTIVE To determine efficacy and safety of IngMeb 0.027% in areas of AK of up to 250 cm2 during an 8-week initial assessment period and extended 12-month follow-up. METHODS This phase 3, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled

BACKGROUND Hydroxychloroquine is widely used for the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). Although new recommendations exist for hydroxychloroquine dosing, there is still uncertainty about the dosage that will elicit a satisfactory response in CLE while limiting adverse effects, specifically retinopathy. OBJECTIVE To summarize hydroxychloroquine dosages, outcomes, and adverse effects in

BACKGROUND Several studies have shown an association of acne vulgaris with depression and anxiety but a quantitative review has not yet been conducted. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis that elucidates the association of acne vulgaris with depression and anxiety. METHOD A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature published prior to October 1, 2019 from PubMed, PsycINFO

Bleomycin is widely used as off-label treatment for various dermatological indications. However, a much-needed critical appraisal of the currently available evidence is lacking. We, therefore, evaluated the quality of clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of intralesional bleomycin treatment for dermatological indications with the aim to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice

BACKGROUND Primary axillary hyperhidrosis has limited noninvasive, effective, and well-tolerated treatment options. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the topical treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis with the novel anticholinergic sofpironium bromide. METHODS A phase II, multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study. Participants were randomized to one of three doses or vehicle, with daily treatment

BACKGROUND Sexual and gender minority individuals may have different lifetime risk of skin cancer and ultraviolet radiation exposure than heterosexual persons. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the prevalence of skin cancer and behaviors that increase risk of skin cancer among sexual and gender minority populations. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane

BACKGROUND Bullous pemphigoid (BP), the most common autoimmune blistering disease, may be diagnostically challenging. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and recently, C3d immunohistochemistry (IHC), are used as adjuncts to diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To compare C3d IHC to DIF, IIF, and ELISA testing in BP diagnosis. METHODS C3d IHC

BACKGROUND Even with the addition of dermatoscopy, a significant morphologic overlap exists between irritated seborrheic keratosis (ISK) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the dermatoscopic criteria that could serve as potent predictors for the differential diagnosis between ISK and SCC. METHODS Dermatoscopic images of histopathologically diagnosed

BACKGROUND For persons of childbearing potential prescribed isotretinoin, the iPLEDGE program requires use of two simultaneous methods of contraception or commitment to abstinence. OBJECTIVE To model the relative effectiveness of a variety of contraception strategies for patients taking isotretinoin including those that are acceptable according to iPLEDGE. METHODS We performed a decision analysis modeling