ImportanceUnderstanding the relationship between longitudinally measured systemic complement factors and intermediate AMD (iAMD) progression may enable the introduction of systemic therapeutics earlier in the disease course, before vision loss occurs.ObjectiveTo determine the contribution of longitudinal measures of systemic complement factors and ratios to time to progression to advanced AMD (geographic

ImportanceThere is currently no consensus regarding the association of capsular tension ring (CTR) on intraocular lens (IOL) position or the indications for its implantation.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of CTR implantation on IOL position.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from their inception to October 18, 2024.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials (RCTs) or

Importance Some patients may become stressed when they are informed they have developed glaucoma. Clinicians should be aware that informing patients of the diagnosis of glaucoma might be associated with a reduction in the patient's mental health. Objective To test whether mental health status as assessed by the National Eye Institute's Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ) decreases in patients with

ImportanceAs on-axis metrics, spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) are limited in capturing individual-level differences in posterior segment anatomy.ObjectiveTo propose a fundus-level metric—fundus refraction offset (FRO)—and investigate its association with ocular parameters derived from optical coherence tomography (OCT).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional

ImportanceGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are extensively used in treating diabetes and obesity, yet little is known about the long-term ocular effects of systemic prolonged exposure.ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of developing neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) associated with the use of GLP-1 RAs in patients with diabetes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis

This case report discusses development of central retinal artery occlusion in a patient undergoing chemotherapy for biopsy-proven stage 3 breast cancer with paclitaxel.

ImportanceBaseline ocular biometrics of the anterior segment forecast progression from primary angle closure suspect (PACS) to primary angle closure (PAC). As ocular biometrics change with aging, it is also important to understand the progression risk associated with these longitudinal anatomical changes.ObjectiveTo assess 18-month ocular biometric changes as risk factors for progression from PACS

ImportanceThe accuracy of the predicted risk of malignant transformation of a large choroidal nevus or indeterminate melanocytic tumor (IMT) is not known.ObjectiveTo estimate the risk of malignant transformation (predicted risk) in a cohort of patients with IMT of known outcomes (observed status; benign [large nevus] or malignant [small melanoma]).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a cohort

This Viewpoint reviews the history of innovation in cataract surgery and site-neutral policies and suggests changes that could propel clinical innovation, reduce costs, and expand access to cataract care.

ImportanceEarly-onset childhood glaucoma usually is diagnosed based on signs and symptoms (such as a cloudy cornea, buphthalmos, or excessive lacrimation). However, the signs and symptoms can overlap with other congenital conditions, making differentiation important. Swept-source anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT) may offer a rapid, noninvasive alternative to assess the trabecular

ImportanceThe optimal timing for secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children with bilateral aphakia remains uncertain, with important implications for long-term visual outcomes and the risk of complications such as glaucoma. Determining when to implant to achieve the best visual outcomes while minimizing complications is critical for improving clinical decision-making in pediatric cataract

This case report describes a diagnosis of ruptured Soemmering ring and visual axis reopacification 14 months after cataract surgery in a child aged 2 years.

This case report describes a diagnosis of Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy in a man aged 22 years with progressive bilateral corneal opacification over 5 years and no visual symptoms.

ImportanceOculomics is the science of analyzing ocular data to identify, diagnose, and manage systemic disease. This article focuses on prescreening, its use with retinal images analyzed by artificial intelligence (AI), to identify ocular or systemic disease or potential disease in asymptomatic individuals. The implementation of prescreening in a coordinated care system, defined as Healthcare From

ImportancePlasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing is increasingly used for disease diagnosis and monitoring in retinoblastoma, with RB1 allele fraction in cfDNA actively corresponding to disease status and treatment response. However, while RB1 mosaicism has been reported in retinoblastoma, its clinical implications and potential impact on cfDNA testing remain unclear.ObjectivesTo identify RB1 mosaicism

ImportanceOcular surface events are a class effect of microtubule-inhibitor payload-containing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs); the mechanism underlying these events has not been fully elucidated.ObjectiveTo characterize corneal epithelial changes in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) treated with belantamab mafodotin, a maleimidocaproyl monomethyl auristatin-F (MMAF)–containing

ImportanceAflibercept, 8 mg, is an anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) formulation for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). While clinical trials report a comparable safety profile as aflibercept, 2 mg, clinical practice setting (so-called real-world) data on the incidence of intraocular inflammation (IOI) should be of value.ObjectiveTo determine

ImportanceA previous multisite study found gender differences in cataract and total surgical volume among US residency programs. Whether that was representative of all ophthalmology residents in the US is unclear.ObjectiveTo determine whether reported surgical volume among US ophthalmology resident graduates varied by self-reported gender or by underrepresented in medicine (URiM) status.Design, Setting

ImportanceThyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune disease characterized by orbital inflammation and tissue remodeling. TED pathogenesis is poorly understood but is linked to autoantibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and insulinlike growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R).ObjectiveTo explore the potential involvement of viral infections in TED pathogenesis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn

ImportanceRepeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy has emerged as a potential intervention for controlling myopia progression in children. However, its long-term effects on retinal photoreceptors remain relatively unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate changes associated with RLRL therapy on cone photoreceptor density in children with myopia using high-resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

ImportanceRecently, it was proved that the large language model Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4; OpenAI) can fabricate synthetic medical datasets designed to support false scientific evidence.ObjectiveTo uncover statistical patterns that may suggest fabrication in datasets produced by large language models and to improve these synthetic datasets by attempting to remove detectable marks

This case report highlights a case of lens subluxation in Marfan syndrome diagnosed using swept-source anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).

This case report discusses a diagnosis of bilateral fundus hypopigmentation in a patient with glaucoma and a history of COVID-19 infection 1 year prior.

Importance Intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction with phacogoniotomy (phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis plus goniotomy) was not less than that of phacotrabeculectomy for advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with cataract at 1-year follow-up, but longer-term outcomes are needed. Objective To investigate if phacogoniotomy is noninferior to phacotrabeculectomy for advanced PACG with

Importance The safety and effectiveness of combining surgical peripheral iridectomy (SPI) with goniosynechialysis (GSL) and goniotomy (GT) vs trabeculectomy for intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction remains unknown. Objective To investigate the safety and effectiveness at 1 year of SPI + GSL + GT vs trabeculectomy in advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) without cataract. Design, Setting, and

ImportanceVision outcomes in response to anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME) may differ between races. This meta-analysis investigated whether vision outcomes differed among racial subgroups treated with ranibizumab for DME in a clinical trial setting.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of race on vision outcomes in participants with DME treated with ranibizumab

ImportanceCongenital ectopia lentis (CEL), often associated with systemic diseases such as Marfan syndrome, requires rigorous postoperative follow-up to reduce the risk of severe complications. However, follow-up rates are frequently suboptimal, indicating an urgent need for effective interventions to improve adherence.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of WeChat (Tencent Holdings Ltd), a social media smartphone

ImportanceSpecialized ophthalmology terminology limits comprehension for nonophthalmology clinicians and professionals, hindering interdisciplinary communication and patient care. The clinical implementation of large language models (LLMs) into practice has to date been relatively unexplored.ObjectiveTo evaluate LLM–generated plain language summaries (PLSs) integrated into standard ophthalmology notes

ImportanceThe relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and pediatric uveitis may be underexplored, warranting large-scale, multicenter studies.ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of pediatric uveitis among children with early-onset AD compared with a matched control population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used aggregated electronic health records of US patients with early-onset AD

Importance Abnormalities of choroidal blood flow in the eye are associated with occurrence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Cocoa flavanols show beneficial effects on vascular risk factors in small and short-term trials and may help reduce AMD risk. Objective To examine whether daily supplementation with cocoa extract, a source of flavanols, prevents the development or progression of AMD

This case report describes invasion of a laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap interface by conjunctival malignant melanoma in a male patient aged 71 years.

ImportanceRecent studies have suggested an association between nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) with semaglutide usage. However, the limitations of those analyses warrant further investigation, given the frequency of use of these medications in people with and without diabetes.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between semaglutide use and the risk of NAION among patients

This Viewpoint discusses how the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics community’s health data network supports biomedical research in ophthalmology by providing access to a large, standardized dataset.

IMPORTANCEThe potential benefit of adding photodynamic therapy (PDT) to intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) remains unclear.OBJECTIVETo compare the functional and anatomical benefit of combination therapy using reduced-fluence PDT (RF-PDT) plus IAI vs IAI monotherapy in participants with PCV.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis double-masked

ImportanceAstigmatism can cause blurred vision at near and distance. It is common among schoolchildren and associated with ametropia. Although the COVID-19 pandemic generated a surge in myopia prevalence in children, the association with child astigmatism remains unknown.ObjectiveTo report the prevalence of refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism in schoolchildren from 2015 to 2023 and explore

ImportanceCapsular tension ring (CTR) implantation has been shown to reduce intraocular lens (IOL) decentration and tilt in high myopia. However, the effect of CTR implantation in highly myopic eyes on IOL power calculation remains unclear, particularly in new-generation formulas.ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of CTR implantation on IOL power calculation in highly myopic eyes.Design, Setting, and