To evaluate microvascular function in women with previous hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).

We defined reference ranges for maternal cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and stroke volume measured in the third trimester of pregnancy using the Ultrasound Cardiac Output Monitor 1A.

In this BJOG issue, Li and colleagues conducted a prospective study on 369 women without pre-existing chronic hypertension and diabetes who were evaluated before conception and who had singleton live births in the following 12 months. They found that after adjusting for maternal factors, such as age, ethnicity, body mass index, pre-diabetes, smoking, blood pressure and fetal sex, narrower pre-conception

To investigate the association and the potential value of prelabour fetal heart rate short-term variability (STV) determined by computerised cardiotocography (cCTG) and maternal and fetal Doppler in predicting labour outcomes.

We thank Dr Anita Matai and Dr Avir Sarkar for their interest in our article and for their comments.1 Their letter gives us the opportunity to clarify several issues in relation to our work.2 The first issue is the definition of premature mortality, which in public health generally refers to deaths occurring before the average age of death in a given population.3 By analogy, we felt that deaths among

Xenobiotic metabolites are exogenous biochemicals that can adversely impact reproductive health. We previously identified xenobiotics in cervicovaginal fluid during pregnancy in association with short cervix. In other organ systems, xenobiotics can modify epithelial barrier function. We hypothesise that xenobiotics dysregulate epithelial cell and macrophage immune responses as a mechanism to disrupt

We have come a long way to recognise the invaluable contribution of Quality of life (QoL) metrics towards the adequate interpretation and success – or failure – of clinical trials. This realisation has been highly relevant in the field of advanced ovarian cancer with QoL scores now being an integral part of any modern surgical study design. Evidence has consistently shown that the increase of surgical

To investigate the incidence of antepartum stillbirth in relation to the distribution of neonatal/fetal weight for different gestational ages.

A systematic review with met-analysis was performed to summarise the evidence on the effect of intrapartum azithromycin on maternal and neonatal infections and deaths.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT CGG reports consulting fees from Merck, and received research support from Syneos Health, NIH, CDC, FDA and AHRQ. ADW reports consulting fees from the Tennessee Department of Health. All other authors: none declared. The Tennessee Department of Health was involved in the interpretation of the data and the decision to submit the report for publication. All other sponsors

To compare two quality improvement (QI) interventions to improve antenatal magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) uptake in preterm births for the prevention of cerebral palsy.

To examine inflammatory lesions in placentas of stillbirths, preterm neonatal deaths and term controls in India and Pakistan.

Observational studies have described associations between obesity and adverse outcomes of pregnancy but observational results are liable to influence by residual confounding. Mendelian randomisation (MR) leverages the ‘natural’ genetic randomisation to risk of an exposure occurring at allele assortment and conception. Similar to randomisation in a clinical trial, this limits the potential for the influence

To investigate whether letrozole pre-treatment is non-inferior to mifepristone pre-treatment, followed by misoprostol, for complete evacuation in the medical treatment of first-trimester missed miscarriage.

Our objective was to perform a 5-year cost-effectiveness analysis of transvaginal hysteropexy (HP) via sacrospinous ligament fixation (SS) or uterosacral ligament suspension (US) versus vaginal hysterectomy (VH) with apical suspension via sacrospinous ligament fixation (SS) or uterosacral ligament suspension (US) for the treatment of uterine prolapse.

To investigate the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in premenopausal women after bilateral oophorectomy.

There is a secular trend towards earlier age of menarche in the US and globally. Earlier age at menarche (AAM) has been associated with metabolic disorders that increase risk for preterm delivery (PTD), yet no studies in the US have investigated whether AAM influences risk of PTD. This study tested the hypothesis that AAM is associated with PTD.

1 CASE REPORT Uterine transplantation (UTx) is the only intervention that restores reproductive anatomy and functionality in women with absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI). UTx involves transplantation of the uterus, cervix, surrounding ligamentous tissues, associated blood vessels and a vaginal cuff to offer women with AUFI an alternative to adoption and surrogacy as a route to motherhood.1

1 OBJECTIVE The use of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) language model, has been described in various scientific and medical applications.1 With its human-like conversation capacity and large quantity of data, ChatGPT has the potential to become an important medical education tool.2 ChatGPT's performance in different medical knowledge examinations has been recently studied in various medical

The healthcare sector is responsible for 4%–10% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Considering the broad range of care that obstetricians and gynaecologists provide, mitigation strategies within this specialty could result in significant reductions of the environmental footprint across the whole healthcare industry.

Humans have been exposed to air pollution for millennia, from both natural (volcanoes and wildfires) and man-made (heating, lighting, cooking and manufacturing) sources. By the Middle Ages air pollution was already recognised as a health problem in England. Burning coal rather than wood was prohibited in London in 1273, having been declared ‘prejudicial to health’, and King Edward I of England supported

The PURPOSe study was a prospective, observational study conducted in India and Pakistan to determine the cause of death for stillbirths and preterm neonatal deaths, using clinical data together with minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) and the histologic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) evaluation of fetal/neonatal tissues and the placenta. After evaluating all available data, an independent

To develop and validate a clinical prediction model for outcomes at 5 years of age for children born extremely preterm and receiving active perinatal management.

To understand trends in the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of pregnant women related to COVID-19 in seven low- and middle-income countries.

Growing evidence suggests that environmental heat stress negatively influences fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes. However, few studies have examined the impact of heat stress on pregnancy outcomes in low-resource settings. We combined data from a large multi-country maternal–child health registry and meteorological data to assess the impacts of heat stress.

To determine the impact of the Obstetric Simulation Training and Teamwork (OB-STaT) curriculum on postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) rates and outcomes.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disorders and is currently one of the leading indications for liver transplantation. It is closely linked to obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance. NAFLD represents a spectrum of progressive conditions, the mildest of which is nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) or simple steatosis. The more severe forms include

To assess whether aspirin treatment can be discontinued in pregnancies with normal uterine artery pulsatility index (≤90th percentile) at 24–28 weeks.

To describe the shock index (SI) distribution during the first 2 hours after delivery and to evaluate its performance when measured 15 and 30 minutes after delivery for predicting postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) occurrence in the general population of parturients after vaginal delivery.

To investigate whether paracetamol use is associated with a reduced risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

To investigate the effect on major postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) of mode of conception, differentiating between naturally conceived pregnancies, fresh embryo in vitro fertilisation (fresh-IVF) and frozen embryo transfer (frozen-IVF).

To evaluate cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing as a non-invasive approach to detecting aneuploidies in clinical miscarriages.

Group B streptococcus (GBS) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but few prospective studies have assessed its prevalence in low- and middle-income country settings. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of GBS by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in internal organ tissues and placentas of deceased neonates and stillbirths.

With the paucity of data available regarding COVID-19 in pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), near the start of the pandemic, the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research, funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), initiated four separate studies to better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight LMIC sites. These

1 THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF PRETERM BIRTH Preterm birth is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation or fewer than 259 days since the first day of a woman's last menstrual period.1 Globally, preterm birth is estimated to affect 10.6% (95% CI 9.0–12.0) of all pregnant women, equating to approximately 14.84 million preterm neonates born each year. Over

To compare placental findings in women with and without pre-eclampsia.

1 INTRODUCTION The articles in this supplement reflect presentations made during the third International Conference on Maternal, Newborn and Child Health: Translating Research Evidence to Practice. The conference took place at the Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC) in Belagavi, India, between 11 and 13 November 2022, and was organised by the JNMC Women's and Children's Health Research Unit (JNMC

Peer counsellors are effective in addressing a variety of health challenges, including exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Providing education and support from a person of similar background and experience has been an important adjunct to the practice of health workers for the past 50 years.

To understand the extent to which adolescent awareness about anaemia and anaemia prevention can be changed by nutrition messages received at school.

Prevention of iron deficiency (ID), the most common micronutrient deficiency in infants and children, begins prenatally by ensuring adequate fetal loading. Adequate intrauterine iron status is crucial for normal fetal brain development, postnatal brain performance and prevention of early postnatal iron deficiency, particularly in infants fed exclusively human milk. Adequate fetal loading may be achieved

Although historically pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, abruption, fetal growth restriction and stillbirth have been viewed as clinically distinct entities, a growing body of literature has demonstrated that the placenta and its development is the root cause of many cases of these conditions. This has led to the term ‘the great obstetrical syndromes’ being coined to reflect this common origin. Although

1 INTRODUCTION India's concerted efforts to provide accessible and quality maternal and newborn health services has translated into impressive gains in maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Examples include a decreased maternal mortality ratio (from 130/100 000 live births in 2015–2016 to 97/100 000 live births in 2018–2020)1 and neonatal mortality rate (from 24/1000 live births in 2016 to 20/1000

A theme in this issue of BJOG is the opportunity for Obstetrician Gynecologists to favorably impact the health of mothers and babies. Two concepts come into play. The first is termed “pregnancy as a window into subsequent maternal cardiovascular health.” This refers to the relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia, preterm birth, and gestational diabetes and subsequent maternal

To identify vaginal morphology and position factors associated with prolapse recurrence following vaginal surgery.

To investigate the association between vaginal bleeding (VB) in pregnancy and women's mortality, using VB-unaffected pregnancies, terminations and miscarriages as comparators.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT JM is a Cochrane Associate Editor and Sexual and Reproductive Heath Thematic Group member, Co-chair of the British Gynaecological Cancer Society guidelines subgroup, senior author of the Cochrane review and of updates of NACT in advanced ovarian cancer and a co-applicant on a study to improve shared decision-making in ovarian cancer. She practices both PCRS and NACT,

To investigate the association between preconception maternal retinal arteriolar calibre and fetal growth.

Exposure to extreme heat in pregnancy increases the risk of stillbirth. Progress in reducing stillbirth rates has stalled, and populations are increasingly exposed to high temperatures and climate events that may further undermine health strategies. This narrative review summarises the current clinical and epidemiological evidence of the impact of maternal heat exposure on stillbirth risk. Out of 20

To investigate the effects of an adjuvant allogenic umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell (UC-MSC) patch applied during fetal surgery on motor and sphincter function in the ovine MMC model.

1 BACKGROUND Overall, more than 1.7 million entries were added to PubMed in 2022. Over 35 000 Obstetrics articles alone have been added per year since 2020, with that number reaching over 40 000 in 2021 and 2022.1 As the volume of published medical research articles continues to expand, so too do the occurrences of errors and outright research and publication misconduct. It is important for all stakeholders

To evaluate perinatal outcomes in preterm multiple compared with singleton pregnancies in India and Pakistan.

Globally, early and optimal feeding practices and strategies for small and vulnerable infants are limited. We aim to share the challenges faced and implementation lessons learned from a complex, mixed methods research study on infant feeding.

To assess the impact of low-dose aspirin (LDA) starting in early pregnancy on delaying preterm hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

To determine the relation of COVID-19 symptoms to COVID-19 antibody positivity among unvaccinated pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).

To evaluate the usefulness of data to determine cause of stillbirth in India and Pakistan.

To explore potential reasons for differences in preterm neonatal mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in India and Pakistan.

To compare the causes of death for women who died during pregnancy and within the first 42 days postpartum with those of women who died between >42 days and within 1 year postpartum.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT None declared.

To investigate associations between maternal testosterone status and offspring birth anthropometrics.

Tubal ectopic pregnancy (TEP) is a common gynaecological emergency. Several medical and surgical treatment options exist, but it is not clear which is the safest and most effective treatment.