N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic RNAs regulated by the so-called “writers”, “erasers”, and “readers”. m6A has been demonstrated to exert critical molecular functions in modulating RNA maturation, localization, translation and metabolism, thus playing an essential role in cellular, developmental, and disease processes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of

Correction to: Mol Cancer 18, 115 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-019-1032-0 Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified some minor errors in image-typesetting in Fig. 2; specifically in Fig. 2g and h (all panels corrected). The corrected figure is given here. The correction does not have any effect on the results or conclusions of the paper. Fig. 2 UCA1 functions

Circular RNAs a kind of covalently closed RNA and widely expressed in eukaryotes. CircRNAs are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, but their regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Given the development of the RNA deep-sequencing technology and the improvement of algorithms, some CircRNAs are discovered to encode proteins through the cap-independent mechanism

Cancer cells develop resistance to chemotherapeutic intervention by excessive formation of stress granules (SGs), which are modulated by an oncogenic protein G3BP2. Selective control of G3BP2/SG signaling is a potential means to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Co-immunoprecipitation was conducted to identify the interaction of MG53 and G3BP2. Immunohistochemistry and live cell imaging were

As an important medium of intercellular communication, exosomes play an important role in information transmission between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Tumor metastasis is a serious influencing factor for poor treatment effect and shortened survival. Lung cancer is a major malignant tumor that seriously threatens human health. The study of the underlying mechanisms of exosomes in tumor genesis

Cancer immunotherapy has recently shown promising antitumor effects in various types of tumors. Among all immune checkpoints, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays an important role in the immune evasion of tumor cells, making it a potent target in antitumor immunity. Accordingly, antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have been developed to attack tumor cells; however, resistance to immune therapy remains

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) modify many cellular RNAs by catalyzing the conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I), and their deregulation is associated with several cancers. We recently showed that A-to-I editing is elevated in thyroid tumors and that ADAR1 is functionally important for thyroid cancer cell progression. The downstream effectors regulated or edited by ADAR1 and the significance

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in cancer progression and metabolism regulation. Serine/glycine metabolism supports the growth of cancer cells by contributing to their anabolic demands and epigenome as well as by regulating their redox state. However, the role of circRNA in the regulation of serine/glycine metabolism has not been well elucidated. Microarray analysis was used to screen

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) refers to a type of circular DNA that originate from but are likely independent of chromosomes. Due to technological advancements, eccDNAs have recently emerged as multifunctional molecules with numerous characteristics. The unique topological structure and genetic characteristics of eccDNAs shed new light on the monitoring, early diagnosis, treatment, and prediction

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely expressed in human cells and are closely associated with cancer development. However, they have rarely been investigated in the context of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We screened a new circRNA, circRNF13, in NPC cells using next-generation sequencing of mRNA. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization were used

Synthetic lethality describes a genetic interaction between two perturbations, leading to cell death, whereas neither event alone has a significant effect on cell viability. This concept can be exploited to specifically target tumor cells. CRISPR viability screens have been widely employed to identify cancer vulnerabilities. However, an approach to systematically infer genetic interactions from viability

Correction to: Mol Cancer 18, 167 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-019-1097-9 Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified some minor errors in image-typesetting in Fig. 3; specifically in Fig. 3a (SGC-996 sh-control) and Fig. 3d (EH-GB1 Lv-control). Fig. 3 LncRNA-HGBC reinforces the invasive capacity of GBC cells. a, b Transwell assays (a) and Invasion assays (b)

Retraction Note to: Mol Cancer 9, 148 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-9-148 The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article. After publication concerns were raised that the images above the last two bars in Fig. 4D are identified as PC3 cells, whereas in [1] the same images in Fig. 5F above the first and fourth bars are identified as DU145 cells. An investigation by the University of Colorado

Early recurrence is a major obstacle to prolonged postoperative survival in squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC). The molecular mechanisms underlying early SqCLC recurrence remain unclear, and effective prognostic biomarkers for predicting early recurrence are needed. We analyzed primary tumor samples of 20 SqCLC patients using quantitative proteomics to identify differentially-expressed proteins in

Necroptosis is emerging as a new target for cancer immunotherapy as it is now recognized as a form of cell death that increases tumor immunogenicity, which would be especially helpful in treating immune-desert tumors. De novo synthesis of inflammatory proteins during necroptosis appears especially important in facilitating increased anti-tumor immune responses. While late-stage transcription mediated

Extensive studies have demonstrated the pivotal roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the occurrence and development of different human cancers. However, the expression and regulatory roles of circRNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are unclear. CircEYA3 was explored based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset analysis. qRT-PCR was applied to determine the expression of circRNAs, miRNAs

An in-depth understanding of immune evasion mechanisms in tumors is crucial to overcome resistance and enable innovative advances in immunotherapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in cancer progression. However, much remains unknown regarding whether circRNAs impact immune escape in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We performed bioinformatics analysis to profile and identify the

Circulating tumor cells are tumor cells with high vitality and high metastatic potential that invade and shed into the peripheral blood from primary solid tumors or metastatic foci. Due to the heterogeneity of tumors, it is difficult for high-throughput sequencing analysis of tumor tissues to find the genomic characteristics of low-abundance tumor stem cells. Single-cell sequencing of circulating tumor

Constitutive activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling plays a key role in the development and progression of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms of excessive activation of NF-κB signaling remain largely unknown. We used high throughput RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) between normal human intestinal epithelial cell lines

Correction to: Mol Cancer 19, 90 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-020-01202-9 Following the publication of the original paper [1], the authors found minor typographical errors that should be corrected. In the Results section, the dosage of ASK120067 in the sentence “we present a preliminary result of a patient in this clinical study with a confirmed radiographic response after treatment with the

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in cancer development and progression. The purpose of this study is to identify aberrantly expressed circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC), unravel their roles in GC progression, and provide new targets for GC diagnosis and therapy. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify the aberrantly expression of hsa_circ_0061137 (termed as circDIDO1) in GC. Gain-

3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) acts as a master kinase of protein kinase A, G, and C family (AGC) kinase to predominantly govern cell survival, proliferation, and metabolic homeostasis. Although the regulations to PDK1 downstream substrates such as protein kinase B (AKT) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta (S6K) have been well established, the upstream regulators of PDK1, especially

Exosomes are a subpopulation of the tumour microenvironment (TME) that transmit various biological molecules to promote intercellular communication. Exosomes are derived from nearly all types of cells and exist in all body fluids. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are among the most abundant contents in exosomes, and some ncRNAs with biological functions are specifically packaged into exosomes. Recent studies

Breast cancer (BC) has a marked tendency to spread to the bone, resulting in significant skeletal complications and mortality. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to contribute to cancer initiation and progression. However, the function and mechanism of circRNAs in BC bone metastasis (BC-BM) remain largely unknown. Bone-metastatic circRNAs were screened using circRNAs deep sequencing

Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive bone- or soft tissue-associated malignancy, characterised by the fusion oncoprotein EWSR1-FLI1 [1]. Over the past decades further therapeutic development for this devastating childhood tumour has remained relatively stagnant [2], especially for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease [3, 4]. To develop more effective and specific treatment options we investigated

The aim of this study was to identify a urine extracellular vesicle circular RNA (circRNA) classifier that could detect high-grade prostate cancer (PCa) of Grade Group (GG) 2 or greater. For this purpose, we used RNA sequencing to identify candidate circRNAs from urinary extracellular vesicles from 11 patients with high-grade PCa and 11 case-matched patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Using

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and most PC patients are advanced once diagnosed [1]. Identification of novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis and prognosis is currently considered the best strategy to improve PC therapeutic effects. tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), 18 ~ 40 nt in length, are novel small non-coding

1. ANRIL promoted HR repair and conferred cancer resistance to DNA damage treatments 2. ANRIL bind with the ATR protein to maintain protein stability and protect against ubiquitination-mediated degradation 3. Loss of ANRIL disabled HR repair and increases radiosensitivity in lung cancer xenografts Aberrantly enhanced DNA damage repair leads to therapeutic resistance in many types of cancer [1, 2].

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumours. The recurrence and metastasis of CRC seriously affect the survival rate of patients. Angiogenesis is an extremely important cause of tumour growth and metastasis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been emerged as vital regulators for tumour progression. However, the regulatory role, clinical significance and underlying mechanisms still

Retraction Note to: Mol Cancer 10, 115 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-10-115 The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article after an investigation by Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and additional analysis by the Office of Research Integrity found: Reuse and relabelling of the same source bands to falsely represent different experimental results in Figure 3A

Recent studies have revealed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play significant roles in the occurrence and development of many kinds of cancers including breast cancer (BC). However, the potential functions of most circRNAs and the molecular mechanisms underlying progression of BC remain elusive. Here, Circular RNA microarray was executed in 4 pairs of breast cancer tissues and para-cancer tissues. The

As the main protein components of chromatin, histones play central roles in gene regulation as spools of winding DNA. Histones are subject to various modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, methylation, ubiquitination and citrullination, which affect gene transcription. Histone citrullination, a posttranscriptional modification catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminase

Retraction Note to: Mol Cancer 12, 17 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-12-17 The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article after an investigation by Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and additional analysis by the Office of Research Integrity found: Reuse and relabelling of the same source bands to falsely represent different experimental results in Figure 1 (reuse

Cancer metastases are the main cause of lethality. The five-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with advanced stage oral cancer is 30%. Hence, the identification of novel therapeutic targets is an urgent need. However, tumors are comprised of a heterogeneous collection of cells with distinct genetic and molecular profiles that can differentially promote metastasis making therapy development a

Correction to: Mol Cancer 18, 3 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-018-0931-9 Following the publication of the original paper [1], the authors realized that there are errors in Fig. 3d and Fig. 6e, which caused duplications. The errors occurred during the preparation of figures and went unnoticed during the review process and during preparation of final publication. The revised Figures are shown

Human T cell Leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I) is etiologically linked to adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease called HTLV-I-associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The exact genetic or epigenetic events and/or environmental factors that influence the development of ATL, or HAM/TSP diseases are largely unknown. The tumor suppressor

While immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is the current first-line treatment for metastatic melanoma, it is effective for ~ 52% of patients and has dangerous side effects. The objective here was to identify the feasibility and mechanism of RAS/RAF/PI3K pathway inhibition in melanoma to sensitize tumors to ICB therapy. Rigosertib (RGS) is a non-ATP-competitive small molecule RAS mimetic. RGS monotherapy

Multiple myeloma (MM) is still incurable and characterized by clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Therefore, effective therapeutic interventions must target both myeloma cells and the BM niche. Cell proliferation, drug resistance, and chromosomal instability (CIN) induced by CHEK1 were confirmed by Giemsa staining, exon sequencing, immunofluorescence and xenograft model in vivo

Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) have been shown to impede anti-tumor immune responses via their immunosuppressive cargo. Since dendritic cells (DCs) are the key mediators of priming and maintenance of T cell-mediated responses; thus it is logical that the exosomes released by tumor cells can exert a dominant influence on DCs biology. This paper intends to provide a mechanistic insight into the TDEs-mediated

Liquid biopsy is now considered a valuable diagnostic tool for advanced metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In NSCLC, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis has been shown to increase the chances of identifying the presence of targetable mutations and has been adopted by many clinicians owing to its low risk. Serial monitoring of ctDNA may also help assess the treatment response or for monitoring

Noncoding RNAs such as circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundant in the human body and influence the occurrence and development of various diseases. However, the biological functions of circRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) are largely unknown. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of circRNAs and mRNA in CRC cells and tissues. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze the location

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that is used as an immunopotentiator for anti-tumor therapies in recent years. We found that some of the extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) patients with the treatment of hGM-CSF rapidly experienced disease progression, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we aimed to explore the mechanisms

Somatic mutations are involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, but the genetic mechanism associated to hepatocarcinogenesis remains poorly understood. We report that Eyes absent homolog 2 (EYA2) suppresses the HCC progression, while EYA2(A510E) mutation identified by exome sequencing attenuates the tumor-inhibiting effect of EYA2. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on six pairs of

Distant metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, we identified KITENIN as a metastasis-enhancing gene and suggested that the oncogenic KITENIN complex is involved in metastatic dissemination of KITENIN-overexpressing CRC cells. Here, we attempted to find substances targeting the KITENIN complex and test their ability to suppress distant metastasis

KDM6A, a histone demethylase, is frequently mutated in bladder cancer (BCa). However, the role and detailed molecular mechanism of KDM6A involved in bladder cancer progression remains unknown. Tissue specimens were used to determine the expression levels and prognostic values of KDM6A and ARHGDIB. The MTT, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell migration and invasion assays were employed to

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a serious public health concern. Patients with cancer have been disproportionately affected by this pandemic. Increasing evidence has documented that patients with malignancies are highly susceptible to severe infections and mortality from COVID-19. Recent

Cirrhosis is a recognized risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Few studies have reported the expression profile of circRNAs in HCC samples compared to paratumour dysplastic nodule (DN) samples. The Arraystar Human circRNA Array combined with laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to analyse the expression profile of circRNAs in HCC samples compared to paratumour DN samples

Loss of apical-basal polarity and downregulation of cell-cell contacts is a critical step during the pathogenesis of cancer. Both processes are regulated by the scaffolding protein Pals1, however, it is unclear whether the expression of Pals1 is affected in cancer cells and whether Pals1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Using mRNA expression data and immunostainings of cancer specimen

Paracrine communication between tumor and surrounding stroma arbitrates the malignant behavior of cancer progression [1]. Fibroblasts, which are the main cell type within the stroma and are called cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), orchestrate the crosstalk with cancer cells [2, 3] and express several markers associated with prognosis [4]. There is increasing evidence that a stroma-specific signature

Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) was first described as a quality-control mechanism that targets and rapidly degrades aberrant mRNAs carrying premature termination codons (PTCs). However, it was found that NMD also degrades a significant number of normal transcripts, thus arising as a mechanism of gene expression regulation. Based on these important functions, NMD regulates several biological processes

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common tumour that affects humans worldwide, is highly malignant and has a poor prognosis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), especially exosomes, are nanoscale vesicles released by various cells that deliver bioactive molecules to recipient cells, affecting their biological characteristics, changing the tumour microenvironment and producing long-distance effects. In recent

Cisplatin (CDDP) has become a standard-of-care treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), while chemoresistance remains a major challenge. Accumulating evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are discrete functional entities. However, the regulatory functions as well as complexities of circRNAs in modulating CDDP-based chemotherapy in bladder cancer are yet to be well revealed. Through

Synthetic mRNA provides a template for the synthesis of any given protein, protein fragment or peptide and lends itself to a broad range of pharmaceutical applications, including different modalities of cancer immunotherapy. With the ease of rapid, large scale Good Manufacturing Practice-grade mRNA production, mRNA is ideally poised not only for off-the shelf cancer vaccines but also for personalized

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to have significant impacts on bladder cancer (BC) progression through various mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to identify novel circRNAs that regulate the function of IGF2BP1, a key m6A reader, and explore the regulatory mechanisms and clinical significances in BC. Firstly, the clinical role of IGF2BP1 in BC was studied. Then, RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing

N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is an RNA modification that interacts with numerous coding and non-coding RNAs and plays important roles in the development of cancers. Nonetheless, the clinical impacts of m6A interactive genes on these cancers largely remain unclear since most studies focus only on a single cancer type. We comprehensively evaluated m6A modification patterns, including 23 m6A regulators and

A novel type of noncoding RNA, circRNA has been reported to participate in the occurrence and development of diseases through many mechanisms. The MAPK pathway is a common signal transduction pathway involved in cell proliferation, inflammation and apoptosis and plays a particularly important role in cancers. However, the role of circRNAs related to the MAPK pathway in gastric cancer has not been explored

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Despite extensive research and the recent introduction of innovative therapeutics, lung cancer remains the first cause of cancer-related death, with a 5 year survival of only 17% [1]. In lung adenocarcinoma (AD), the main lung cancer subtype, different driver genetic alterations can be targeted with specific small-molecule inhibitors [1], whereas KRAS mutations, which occur in about 30% of AD cases

Drug-resistance and severe side effects of chemotherapeutic agents result in unsatisfied survival of patients with lung cancer. CXCLs/CXCR2 axis plays an important role in progression of cancer including lung cancer. However, the specific anti-cancer mechanism of targeting CXCR2 remains unclear. Immunohistochemical analysis of CXCR2 was performed on the microarray of tumor tissues of clinical lung