The incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer (yoCRC) is increasing. It is unknown if there are survival differences between young and older patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Abstract BackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) has a grim prognosis, and an early diagnostic biomarker has been highly desired. The molecular link between diabetes and PC has not been well-established. MethodsBioinformatics screening was performed for a serum PC marker. Experiments in cell lines (5 PC and 1 normal cell lines), mouse models, and human tissue staining (37 PC and 10 normal cases) were performed

Corrigendum to “Mental Health Resource Use Among Patients Undergoing Curative Intent Treatment for Bladder Cancer” by Michael J Raphael et al. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djab026

The UN General Assembly in September 2021 will bring countries together at a critical time for marshaling collective action to tackle the global environmental crisis. They will meet again at the biodiversity summit in Kunming, China, and the climate conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK. Ahead of these pivotal meetings, we—the editors of health journals worldwide—call for urgent action to keep average

There has been ongoing debate for decades regarding adjuvant regional nodal irradiation for axillary node-positive breast cancer patients, in particular, about whether the relative benefit of targeting the internal mammary nodes (IMN) as part of this treatment offsets its potential harms. The publication from Poortman et al. (1) in this issue of the Journal that reports side effects 15 year after randomization

Uncertainty about the benefit–risk ratio of regional lymph node irradiation led to varying clinical protocols. We investigated long-term late side effects after internal mammary and medial supraclavicular (IM-MS) lymph node irradiation to improve shared decision making.

Disease-free and overall survival associations with anthropometric measures of obesity and changes in these exposures remain unknown among endometrial cancer survivors.

Abstract BackgroundBone modifying agent (BMA) therapy is recommended for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) but not metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). BMA treatment in mCSPC may therefore constitute overuse. MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study using linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data, we included patients diagnosed with

Abstract BackgroundTumor-based classification of human glioma portends patient prognosis; however, considerable unexplained survival variability remains. Host factors (eg, age) also strongly influence survival times, partly reflecting a compromised immune system. How blood epigenetic measures of immune characteristics and age augment molecular classifications in glioma survival has not been investigated

Extremely dense breast tissue is associated with increased breast cancer risk and limited sensitivity of mammography. The DENSE trial showed that additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening in women with extremely dense breasts resulted in a substantial reduction in interval cancers. The cost-effectiveness of MRI screening for these women is unknown.

In this issue of the Journal, Geuzinge and colleagues demonstrate that in women with dense breasts, screening by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) every 3 to 4 years is cost-effective compared with the current standard (ie, biannual mammographic screening) (1). The authors provide critical evidence for a simple fact: A more sensitive and more expensive diagnostic test is cost-effective, even if it is

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells directed against CD19 (CART19) are effective in B-cell malignancies, but little is known about the molecular factors predicting clinical outcome of CART19 therapy. The increasingly recognized relevance of epigenetic changes in cancer immunology prompted us to determine the impact of the DNA methylation profiles of CART19 cells on the clinical course.

Abstract BackgroundKRAS and BRAF mutations are well-established predictive and prognostic factors in metastatic colorectal cancer, however their impact in the adjuvant setting has not yet been established. MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis of adjuvant phase III trials in patients with stage II and III colon cancer with available data on the impact of KRAS/BRAF mutations on both disease-free survival

Abstract BackgroundAbout 20% of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is negative for the lineage-specific oncogene Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) and exhibits worse clinical outcome with a low frequency of actionable genomic alterations. To identify molecular features associated with TTF-1–negative LUAD, we compared the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of LUAD cell lines. SRGN, a chondroitin sulfate

Abstract BackgroundIncidence of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer, an aggressive subtype, is highest in United States (US) African American women and in southern residents but has decreased overall since 1992. We assessed whether ER-negative breast cancer is decreasing in all age groups and cancer registries among non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Hispanic White (HW)

Some concerns have been raised about potential bias in patient-reported outcome (PRO) results from open-label cancer randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We investigated if open-label trials favor the experimental treatment over the standard treatment more frequently than blinded trials. We also examined if the effect of treatment concealment differs for distal vs more proximal PROs. We assessed 538

The symptom burden associated with cancer and its treatment can negatively impact patients’ quality of life and survival. Symptom-focused collaborative care model (CCM) interventions can improve outcomes, but only if patients engage with them. We assessed the receptivity of severely symptomatic oncology patients to a remote nurse-led CCM intervention.

Abstract BackgroundTrials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have published patient-reported quality of life (QOL), but the size and heterogeneity of this literature can make patient education difficult. This meta-analysis aimed to describe change in QOL and symptomatology in patients receiving ICIs for cancer. MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched through November 2019 for

BACKGROUND Disease-free survival with a 3-year median follow-up (3-year DFS) was validated as a surrogate for overall survival with a 5-year median follow-up (5-year OS) in adjuvant chemotherapy colon cancer (CC) trials. Recent data show further improvements in OS and survival after recurrence, in patients who received adjuvant FOLFOX. Hence, re-evaluation of the association between DFS and OS and

BACKGROUND Statistically significantly increased cancer incidence has been reported from 3 cohorts of World Trade Center (WTC) disaster rescue and recovery workers. We pooled data across these cohorts to address ongoing public concerns regarding cancer risk 14 years after WTC exposure. METHODS From a combined deduplicated cohort of 69 102 WTC rescue and recovery workers, a sample of 57 402 workers

Treatment-free remission (TFR) is a goal for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Functional outcomes after discontinuing Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) treatment have not been described. PROMIS patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of social, physical, cognitive, and sexual function were assessed over 36 months in 172 adult patients with chronic phase CML from 14 sites at baseline (on

We wish to thank the following reviewers for their generous assistance in evaluating manuscripts submitted to JNCI during the past year.

Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Cancer Institute (NCIP30CA16056

Cystoscopy plays an important role in bladder cancer (BCa) diagnosis and treatment, but its sensitivity needs improvement. Artificial intelligence has shown promise in endoscopy, but few cystoscopic applications have been reported. We report a Cystoscopy Artificial Intelligence Diagnostic System (CAIDS) for BCa diagnosis.

Tumors with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency (HRD) show high sensitivity to platinum salts and PARP-inhibitors in several malignancies. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the role of HRD alterations is mostly unknown.

Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy

Antibiotics use may increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by altering the gut microbiota, with suggestive evidence reported. Our study aims to investigate antibiotics use in relation to subsequent CRC risk.

In 2012, national recommendations for cervical-cancer screening of women aged 30–64 years were quinquennial human papillomavirus and cytology co-testing or triennial cytology. Data from a state-wide surveillance program in New Mexico demonstrated 65.2% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]= 64.6%% to 65.7%) of women screened in 2019 had negative co-test within the last 3 years. Percentages of women screened

COVID-19VaccinationLow-middle income settings

Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests may soon be available to screen for many cancers using a single blood test, yet little is known about these tests beyond their diagnostic performance. Taking lessons from the history of cancer early detection, we highlight three factors that influence how performance of early detection tests translates into benefit and benefit-harm tradeoffs: the ability to

BACKGROUND Activity and safety of the SARS-CoV2 BNT162b2 vaccine in actively treated patients with solid tumors is currently unknown. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 326 patients with solid tumors treated with anti-cancer medications to determine the proportion of cancer patients with immunogenicity against SARS-CoV2, following two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Control group was comprised

Corrigendum: Master protocol trial design for efficient and rational evaluation of novel therapeutic oncology devices by Danielle S. Bitterman, Daniel N. Cagney, Lisa L. Singer, Paul L. Nguyen, Paul J. Catalano, Raymond H Mak. JNCI: J Natl Cancer Inst (2020); 112(3): djz167.

Abstract BackgroundUveal melanoma (UM), a rare malignant tumor of the eye, is predominantly observed in populations of European ancestry. UMs carrying a monosomy 3 (M3) frequently relapse mainly in the liver, whereas UMs with disomy 3 (D3) are associated with more favorable outcome. Here, we explored the UM genetic predisposition factors in a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 1,142 European

BRCA1/2 mutationhereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromeendometrial cancerhysterectomy

Abstract BackgroundPheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are neuroendocrine tumors with frequent mutations in genes linked to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, no pathogenic variant has been found to date in succinyl-CoA ligase (SUCL), an enzyme that provides substrate for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH; mitochondrial complex II; CII), a known tumor suppressor in PPGL. MethodsA cohort of 352

In the United States, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third cause of cancer diagnosis and the second leading cause of cancer death for men and women combined with a median age of 67 years (1). For decades, CRC has been touted as one of the most preventable cancers, with approximately 75%-80% of all patients diagnosed with sporadic disease, 1% inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s

The causative factors for the recent increase in early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) incidence are unknown. We sought to determine if early-onset disease is clinically or genomically distinct from average-onset colorectal cancer (AO-CRC).

Colon cancer (CC) incidence in young adults (age 20-49 years), termed early-onset CC (EO-CC), is increasing.

Molecular features and functional implications of germline variants in triple-negative breast cancer by Zhi-Ming Shao et al. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaa175

BACKGROUND Immune cell transcriptome signatures have been widely used to study the lung tumor microenvironment (TME). However, it is unclear to what extent the immune cell composition in the lung TME varies across histological and molecular subtypes (inter-tumor heterogeneity or Inter-TH) and within tumors (intratumor heterogeneity or ITH), and whether ITH has any prognostic relevance. METHODS Using

Breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients increasingly undergo germline genetic testing. However, little is known about cancer-specific mortality among carriers of a pathogenic variant (PV) in BRCA1/2 or other genes in a population-based setting.

Although lung cancer incidence rates according to smoking status, sex, and detailed race/ethnicity have not been available, it is estimated that over half of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) females with lung cancer have never smoked.

Recently, we read with great interest the article by Zhang and colleagues (1) in which the authors reported an overall case fatality rate (CFR) of 27.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.4% to 54.4%) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–infected cancer patients treated with surgery. In addition, they found no association between surgical treatment and increased risk of severe COVID-19 through individual

We thank Huang and colleagues for their helpful comments regarding our systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical characteristics and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–infected cancer patients. Our analysis showed that COVID-19 patients with cancer have a higher fatality rate when compared with that of COVID-19 patients without cancer.

Early initiation of breast cancer screening is recommended for high-risk women, including survivors of childhood cancer treated with chest radiation. Recent studies suggest that female survivors of childhood leukemia or sarcoma treated without chest radiation are also at elevated early onset breast cancer risk. However, the potential clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of early breast cancer screening

Abstract BackgroundRecent population-based female breast cancer and prostate cancer polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been developed. We assessed the associations of these PRS with breast and prostate cancer risks for male BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers. Methods483 BRCA1 and 1,318 BRCA2 European ancestry male carriers were available from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2

Abstract BackgroundThe financial protection of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA) prevention provision doesn’t apply to breast MRI but only to mammography for breast cancer screening. The purpose of the study is to examine the financial burden among women who received breast MRI for screening. MethodsThis observational study used the Marketscan® database. Women underwent breast MRI between 2009 and 2017

Survivorship care plans seek to improve the transition to survivorship, but the required resources present implementation barriers. This randomized controlled trial aimed to identify the simplest, most effective approach for survivorship care planning.

Among racial subgroups, Black men have the highest prostate cancer-specific death rate, yet they also exhibit prolonged overall survival compared to White men when treated with standard therapies, including sipuleucel-T. Differential immune responses may play a role in these observations. We compared circulating immune markers from fifty-four men (18 Black and 36 White men) with metastatic castrate-resistant

AbstractThere are little data on the quality of cancer treatment information available on social media. Here, we quantify the accuracy of cancer treatment information on social media and its potential for harm. Two cancer experts reviewed 50 of the most popular social media articles on each of the 4 most common cancers. The proportion of misinformation and potential for harm were reported for all 200