Abstract Purpose Surgeons performing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on the osteoarthritic valgus deformity often use a posterior stabilized (PS) and semi-constrained implants to substitute for the release of a contracted posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) instead of a cruciate retaining (CR) implant. Calipered kinematic alignment (KA) strives to retain the PCL and use a CR implant. The aim of this study

Abstract Purpose The use of an accessory anteromedial portal to drill the femoral graft tunnel in primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction was introduced in the 2000s in an effort to achieve a more anatomic femoral tunnel position. However, some early studies reported an increase in revision ACL reconstruction compared to the traditional transtibial technique. The aim of this study was

Abstract Purpose Although several small-scale studies have reported risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) after high tibial osteotomy (HTO), no study has collectively analysed risk factors in a large cohort. The present study aimed to clarify the risk factors for SSI after HTO using a national database. Methods Data of inpatients who underwent HTO from 2010 to 2017 were obtained from the Diagnosis

Abstract Purpose The management of posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries has significantly evolved over the past 2 decades. The purpose of this study was to determine the current worldview of key concepts on the diagnosis, treatment strategy, and rehabilitation for patients presenting with PLC injuries. Methods A 12-question multiple-choice online survey was designed to address key questions in the

Authors would like to correct the errors in figure 4 legend.

Objectives To determine whether specific injury measures were associated with team performance in the Australian Football League (AFL). Methods 15 289 injuries caused players from 18 teams to miss 51 331 matches between 1997 and 2016. Data were aggregated to the team level. We analysed the associations among injury measures and team performance (reaching finals/playoffs and specific ladder/table position)

Cancer cachexia is a poorly understood metabolic consequence of cancer. During cachexia, different adipose depots demonstrate differential wasting rates. Animal models suggest adipose tissue may be a key driver of muscle wasting through fat–muscle crosstalk, but human studies in this area are lacking. We performed global gene expression profiling of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose from

Sports Medicine Australia (SMA) is excited to announce that our 2020 annual conference is returning to Melbourne, the home of Australian rules football (figure 1). Fittingly, we begin this SMA British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM) edition by highlighting the landmark paper by PhD student Daniel Hoffman, who analysed 20 years of injury data to link injury incidence to Australian rules football team

Galileo Galilei’s quote ‘ measure what is measurable, and make measurable what is not so ’ has particular relevance to health behaviours, such as physical activity (PA), sitting and sleep, whose measurement during free living is notoriously difficult. To date, much of what we know about how these behaviours affect our health is based on self-report by questionnaires which have limited validity, are

Current clinical research, education and practice commonly approaches musculoskeletal pain conditions in silos. A focus on body regions such as knee, hip, neck, shoulder and back pain as separate entities is manifest by region-specific clinical guidelines, conferences and working groups. Emerging evidence demonstrates that musculoskeletal pain disorders are frequently comorbid and share common biopsychosocial

In 2018, runners wearing the new Nike Vaporfly 4% running shoe broke world records over the 100 km, marathon, half-marathon and 15 km distances. This shoe has advanced the benefit of footwear further and more substantially than any other previous shoe. When Nike compared its energetic cost (running economy) to contemporary elite racing shoes, the Vaporfly provided a 4% improvement in economy (hence

‘ Constant attention by a good nurse may be just as important as a major operation by a surgeon ’ goes the famous yet rarely used quote from the early 20th century and is something we should pause and consider for our tendon patients. We argue that there is often a ‘silo’ approach in the management of tendinopathy based on the practitioner who first encounters the tendinopathy patient. Surgeons tend

There is a lot we do not know about tendinopathy, but we know many athletes have tendon pain during or after sports. You may be surprised to learn that basic—dare we say foundational—issues surrounding clinical terminology and labels for tendon pathology have never been agreed on. We clinicians and researchers use a very wide range of terms inconsistently. This confuses patients, makes interpreting

Background The absence of any agreed-upon tendon health-related domains hampers advances in clinical tendinopathy research. This void means that researchers report a very wide range of outcome measures inconsistently. As a result, substantial synthesis/meta-analysis of tendon research findings is almost futile despite researchers publishing busily. We aimed to determine options for, and then define

Objective Resistance training (RT) improves walking ability in persons with peripheral artery disease. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of RT on peripheral artery disease (as measured by walking ability). Design We included RCTs that investigated the effect of RT on treadmill and/or 6 min walk (6-MWT) distances. RT intensity was assessed according

In the past few decades, the field of physical activity has grown and evolved in scope, depth, visibility and impact around the world. Global progress has been observed in research and practice in physical activity regarding surveillance, health outcomes, correlates/determinants, interventions, translation and policy. The 2012 and 2016 Lancet series on physical activity provide some of the most comprehensive

Objective Carotid atherosclerotic plaques are a source of emboli for stroke. ‘Unstable’ carotid atherosclerotic plaques may have intraplaque haemorrhages, neovessels, prevalent macrophages, excessive calcium deposits, a large lipid core and a thin fibrous cap. Regular physical activity (PA) may lower the risk of plaques becoming unstable. We evaluated the association of both PA and sedentary behaviour

Objective To evaluate the time to return to playing following acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) and surgical repair in professional male football (soccer) players. Methods Professional male football (soccer) players who sustained an ATR and underwent surgical repair were identified through internet-based injury reports from January 2008 to August 2018. Only League 1 and 2 players with injuries who

The value of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or ‘minor’ stroke is untested despite these conditions sharing similar pathology and risk factors to coronary heart disease.1 Following a TIA and/or minor stroke, patients are at significant risk of further vascular events, particularly within the acute period.2 We therefore wanted to develop and test the feasibility

### Programme card In the UK, total adult physical activity has fallen from 216 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)-hours per week in 1961 to 173 MET-hours per week in 2005 (a 20% decline).1 If current …

‘The Mitchell classification’1 is a widely known system published by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) to catalogue sports based on peak static and dynamic components achieved during competition.1 2 Used in the Bethesda guidelines3 and more recent scientific statement from the American Heart Association (AHA) and ACC,2 this helpful framework is widely used for assisting with clinical decisions

### Orthop J Sports Med 2018 ;6:2325967118784897 Rotator cuff disorders are the most common cause of shoulder pain in the general population. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of a rotator cuff tear is not always obvious and can present a diagnostic dilemma, especially in the older patients. When uncertainty exists, expensive imaging such as MRI may be required to aid diagnosis. When it comes to the clinical

Wilson D u Alameda, California, USA Wilson Du is on Instagram at @RenalWarrior2016. I was diagnosed in June 2016 with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). At the time of diagnosis, I was 34 years old, morbidly obese, had serious hypertension, and I felt broken spiritually and physically. I spent the first few months following my diagnosis in a wheelchair, unable to walk, and bedridden for the most part

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to reveal the influence of the variance in width between the tibial spine and the femoral intercondylar notch on the occurrence of ACL injury. Methods Thirty-nine subjects undergoing anatomical ACL reconstruction (30 female, 9 male; average age 29 ± 15.2) and 37 subjects with intact ACL (21 female, 16 male; average age 29 ± 12.5) were included in this

Abstract Purpose The primary aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefit of stress radiographs for diagnosis of unstable total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to identify clinically relevant cut-off values to differentiate between unstable and stable TKAs. Methods Data of 40 patients with 49 cruciate retaining (CR) TKA who underwent stress radiographs as part of the diagnostic algorithm

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the incidence of intraoperative anchor pullout during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, to compare the outcomes of different methods of managing anchor pullout, and to introduce a new technique for anchor pullout. Methods 1076 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using a single-row repair technique were included. In 483 patients, rotator cuff repair was

Abstract Purpose Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) uses individually designed disposable guides to determine intraoperative bone cuts. The manufacturer provides the surgeon with proposed planning which can be modified and should be approved by the surgeon before the guides are produced. This study aims to assess the intra- and inter-observer reliability among preoperative

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to analyze the morphology of the anterior femoral condyle using a quantitative three-dimensional reconstruction method. The morphological data were compared between genders. Methods Computed tomography scans of femurs were taken from 90 healthy subjects and then reconstructed in 3D modeling software. Coaxial cutting planes were created at 10° increments to measure

Elite athletes competing at high-intensity in the hot and humid ambient conditions of the upcoming Games of the XXXII Olympiad (Tokyo 2020) are likely to reach elevated core temperature (≈41.5°C) as previously reported in elite competitions in the heat and the risk of exertional heat stroke (EHS) is heightened.1 EHS is a medical condition defined as an internal body temperature exceeding 40.5°C with

Genetic testing has had a major impact in many areas of medicine, including sports cardiology. Here we discuss cardiac genetic testing not as a screening tool but rather as an evidence-based follow-up test in an athlete with an abnormal ECG or medical history to identify those athletes who have a potentially life-threatening cardiac genetic disorder. Cardiac genetic testing is a valuable investigation

In their well-designed, case–control investigation of mouthguard use in youth ice hockey players and the risk of concussion, Chisholm and colleagues1 report that those wearing a mouthguard—whether custom-made or off-the-shelf—had lower rates of concussion than control participants. The point estimate suggests a considerably reduced risk, although the CIs are broad. The authors report differences in

I first started playing when I was 13 when my hometown got some wheelchairs and started a team. I know a lot of guys who are 10 years older than myself whose shoulders were pretty shot by the time they were 45, because all they did was push and push and did no counterbalance work. Being a daily wheelchair user, as well as playing wheelchair sport, that wear and tear is continuous and ongoing on the

My mother had a total hip replacement (THR) 20 years ago, at age 50, just after my dad had died of a brain tumour. She would say, ‘at least this hip problem is not life threatening’. After mum’s joint replacement surgery, I saw her live life to the full—including jet-skiing, tandem paragliding! Her replaced hip (the early small-headed Charnley prosthesis) is still doing great. As a young physiotherapist

In early 2020, the world is facing a global emergency called COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). On 11 March 2020, the WHO has declared the ‘Pandemic state’ calling the governments to take ‘urgent and aggressive action’ to delay and mitigate the peak of infection. The seriousness of the situation is evidenced by the extreme uncertainty of the measures taken by the governments of the various countries

The primary validation of the Movement Disorder Society Non‐Motor Rating Scale was recently published, but 2 important structural analyses were not included. The objective of this study was to examine the structural characteristics of the Movement Disorder Society Non‐Motor Rating Scale by factor and cluster analyses.

Statins were proposed to be neuroprotective; however, the effects are unknown in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a pure tauopathy.

Abstract Purpose To determine the component fit by radiography or computed tomography after total knee arthroplasty and the relation of imaging with clinical examination of residual knee pain. Methods The study was conducted in 172 patients with residual knee pain after total knee arthroplasty. The patients were examined to determine whether they experienced pain upon palpation at nine regions surrounding

Objectives To test (i) if greater foot pronation (measured as midfoot width mobility) is associated with better outcomes with foot orthoses treatment, compared with hip exercises and (ii) if hip exercises are superior to foot orthoses, irrespective of midfoot width mobility. Methods A two-arm parallel, randomised superiority clinical trial was conducted in Australia and Denmark. Participants (18–40

In the past two decades, there has been a revolution in literature relating to the epidemiology, aetiology, early recognition, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of sports-related concussion (SRC). This research has resulted in the publication of five international concussion in sport consensus statements.1 Are those recommendations impacting on pitch-side rulings and contributing to the real-life

The number of patients undergoing autologous haematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is growing, but little is known about the factors that predict adverse outcomes. Low muscle mass and obesity are associated with disability and premature mortality in individuals with non‐malignant diseases and may predict outcomes after autologous HCT.

Osteosarcopenia, the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is an emerging geriatric giant, which poses a serious global health burden.

I ran as a schoolboy at both cross-country and middle distance athletics. After a knee injury at university, a school friend introduced me to the pleasures of cycling as a leisure pursuit. In my mid-30s, I joined my local cycle club and I continued to ride for leisure. My peak weight in my early 40s was around 73 kg. At the age of 48, I regained my interest in cycling and started doing club time trials

IRL752 is a novel small‐molecule compound that acts to regioselectively enhance norepinephrine, dopamine, and acetylcholine neurotransmission in the cerebral cortex.

The ability to predict temporal outcome of body movement is abnormal in idiopathic dystonia and can be altered by cerebellar neuromodulation. Tremor in cervical dystonia might be associated with performance on motion perception tasks.

Rapid advances in technologies in the field of genomics such as high throughput DNA sequencing, big data processing by machine learning algorithms and gene-editing techniques are expected to make precision medicine and gene-therapy a greater reality. However, this development will raise many important new issues, including ethical, moral, social and privacy issues. The field of exercise genomics has

Malnutrition plays an essential role in the mechanism of pathogenesis for sarcopenia. In late life, both food consumption and energy intakes decline. One of key factors for reduced energy intakes is anorexia of ageing. The aim of this study is to examine the association between anorexia of ageing and sarcopenia among community‐dwelling elderly Japanese individuals.

Abstract Background Exercise-based strategies are used to prevent muscle injuries in football and studies on different competitive-level populations may provide different results. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise-based muscle injury prevention strategies in adult elite football. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and

Levodopa therapy remains the most effective drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and it is associated with the greatest improvement in motor function as assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Dopamine agonists have also proven their efficacy as monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease but also as adjunct therapy. However, the chronic use of dopaminergic therapy is associated

MRI is a sensitive method for the assessment of brain abnormalities in Wilson disease, that is, T2 hyperintensities, T2 hypointensities, and atrophy, but a validated scoring system for the classification of radiological severity is lacking. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a brain MRI visual rating scale for Wilson disease.

Abstract Purpose Biceps tenodesis is widely used as a primary treatment for long head of the biceps brachii pathology and superior labral anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions. However, rates and timing of full return to sports (RTSs)/duty have not been systematically analysed. This systematic review examines the literature to ascertain the rate and timing of return to athletic activity, and the availability

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the current state of knowledge and potential controversies in the treatment of patellofemoral instability among orthopaedic/trauma surgeons in the German-speaking countries. Methods An online survey consisting of 32 questions and three fictitious cases was sent to members of the AGA—Society for Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery. Surgeons were defined by our senior authors as

Abstract Purpose To determine the rate of recurrent dislocation and patellar instability following medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction with allograft or autograft tissue and compare patient-reported outcomes for patients undergoing allograft and autograft MPFL reconstruction. Methods One hundred and fifteen MPFL reconstructions (78 allograft, 37 autograft) without concurrent bony procedures

“After months of dieting and frustration, Cain found herself choosing between training with the best team in the world, or potentially developing osteoporosis or even infertility. She lost her period for 3 years and broke five bones. She went from being a once-in-a-generation Olympic hopeful to having suicidal thoughts.” 1 (Lindsay Crouse on Mary Cain) “And so trying to shame somebody into losing weight

Changing a sport system requires the appointment of new leaders or a grass roots cultural revolution. ‘I got caught in a system designed by and for men, which destroys the bodies of young girls,’ said Mary Cain as she cast light on her toxic coach/athlete relationship and exposed unhealthy coaching and nutrition practices. Her candour has inspired a social media movement calling for changes to women’s

Sport-related concussion is a major public health concern. In a recent BJSM publication, McGuine et al conducted a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate whether soccer headgear would reduce the rate or severity of concussions in adolescent athletes (nheadgear = 1505, nno_headgear = 1545).1 Both ‘control’ athletes (who wore no helmets) and the athletes who wore soccer headgear had similar concussion

Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport-specific or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illness) epidemiology

In 2013, the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O) was developed to record the magnitude, symptoms and consequences of overuse injuries in sport. Shortly afterwards, a modified version of the OSTRC-O was developed to capture all types of injuries and illnesses-The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H). Since then, users from

Coding in sports medicine generally uses sports-specific coding systems rather than the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), because of superior applicability to the profile of injury and illness presentations in sport. New categories for coding were agreed on in the 'International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement: Methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on

OBJECTIVES Glucocorticoids are commonly prescribed in medicine. When administered via certain routes, glucocorticoids are prohibited for incompetition use by WADA. The glucocorticoid prescribing habits of sports medicine doctors have not been reported. METHODS An online survey was distributed internationally to physicians working in high-performance sports. The survey queried the doctors about their

Background There have been no large randomised controlled trials to determine whether soccer headgear reduces the incidence or severity of sport-related concussion (SRC) in US high school athletes. Objective We aimed to determine whether headgear reduces the incidence or severity (days out from soccer) of SRCs in soccer players. Methods 2766 participants (67% female, age 15.6±1.2) (who undertook 3050