To determine the change in English emergency postnatal maternal readmissions 2007–2017 (pre-COVID-19) and the association with maternal demographics, obstetric risk factors and postnatal length of stay (LOS).

To investigate longitudinal trends in fetal and offspring cardiovascular adaptation in fetal growth restriction (FGR).

To assess the effectiveness and acceptability of a pillow-like position modification device to reduce supine sleep during late pregnancy, and to determine the impacts on the severity of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and foetal well-being.

OBJECTIVE To identify whether maternal and pregnancy characteristics associated with stillbirth differ between preterm and term stillbirth. DESIGN Secondary cohort analysis of the DESiGN RCT. SETTING Thirteen UK maternity units. POPULATION Singleton pregnant women and their babies. METHODS Multiple logistic regression was used to assess whether the 12 factors explored were associated with stillbirth

STUDY QUESTION What are the experiences and outcomes of donor conceived adults who are actively searching for, open to contact with, or not searching for donor connections? SUMMARY ANSWER Most participants were actively searching or open to contact, and 67% had found or been found by a connection; finding or not finding experiences were complex. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is variation among donor

STUDY QUESTION Is early embryonic size and growth in the first trimester of pregnancy associated with adverse birth outcomes? SUMMARY ANSWER Larger embryonic crown–rump length (CRL) and embryonic volume (EV) are associated with lower odds of adverse birth outcomes, especially small for gestational age (SGA). WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN Preterm birth, SGA, and congenital anomalies are the most prevalent adverse

To assess the impact of thermal ablation (TA) for the treatment of cervical dysplasia on fertility and pregnancy outcomes among women screened for cervical cancer in Cameroon.

Assessment of COVID-19 vaccine safety in pregnancy using population-based data.

BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical released from plastic materials, including food packaging and dental sealants, persisting in the environment and ubiquitously contaminating ecosystems and human populations. BPA can elicit an array of damaging health effects and, alarmingly, ‘BPA-free’ alternatives mirror these harmful effects. Bisphenol exposure can negatively impact

BACKGROUND The Chronic Hypertension and Pregnancy Study (CHAP) demonstrated that a target blood pressure of <140/90 mm Hg during pregnancy is associated with improved perinatal outcomes. Outside of pregnancy, pharmacologic therapy for patients with diabetes and hypertension is adjusted to a target blood pressure of <130/80 mm Hg. During pregnancy, patients with both diabetes and chronic hypertension

STUDY QUESTION What are the current national medically assisted reproduction (MAR) data collection systems across EU Member States, and how can these countries contribute to a unique, cycle-by-cycle registry for the European Monitoring of Medically Assisted Reproduction (EuMAR) project? SUMMARY ANSWER The study identified significant variation in MAR data collection practices across Member States,

STUDY QUESTION Which decision-making factors influence family building among permanently infertile couples? SUMMARY ANSWER Ethical, legal, and financial considerations outweigh genetic relatedness in decision-making, favouring domestic gestational surrogacy, if this were possible, over international options. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Permanent infertility affects 4-5% of people in the fertile age. Their

STUDY QUESTION How do transfeminine adolescents and their parents experience fertility preservation via testicular sperm extraction (TESE)? SUMMARY ANSWER Participants experienced the TESE process positively when provided with appropriate guidance to navigate the decisional dilemma between preserving future biological parenthood and the pressure to start puberty suppression early. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY

STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between male creatinine levels and time to pregnancy (TTP) in couples planning pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER Low and high male creatinine concentrations were associated with reduced couple fecundity. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Abundant evidence suggests male creatinine dysfunction is associated with infertility in males with kidney diseases. However, the association of

Globally, caesarean births (CB), including emergency caesareans births (EmCB), are rising. It is estimated that nearly a third of all births will be CB by 2030.

STUDY QUESTION What is the impact of the EuroNet-PHL-C2 treatment for boys with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) on semen parameters? SUMMARY ANSWER More than half of the patients (52%, n = 16/31) had oligozoospermia or azoospermia at 2 years from cHL diagnosis; particularly boys treated for advanced-stage cHL had low sperm counts and motility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Chemotherapy and radiotherapy to

BACKGROUND Vaginal pessaries are an inexpensive non-surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Pessary maintenance includes periodic removal, cleaning, and reinsertion, which can be painful. Lidocaine-prilocaine cream has been shown to significantly reduce pain during pessary maintenance exams. In some practices, Lidocaine HCl 2% jelly may be more readily available

BACKGROUND Active-duty service women rely on the civilian sector for most abortion care due to limits on federal funding for abortion. Abortion is now banned in many states with large military presences. The Department of Defense has implemented policies to assist active-duty service women in accessing abortion, but there is debate to reverse this support. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to compare the cost-effectiveness

STUDY QUESTION What is the molecular landscape underlying the functional decline of human testicular ageing? SUMMARY ANSWER The present study provides a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of testes from young and old humans and offers insights into the molecular mechanisms and potential targets for human testicular ageing. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Testicular ageing is known to cause male age-related

STUDY QUESTION Does advanced male partner’s age impact live birth rates (LBRs) in IVF treatment when female partner’s age is factored in? SUMMARY ANSWER In fresh IVF cycles LBRs decline with male partner’s age ≥40 years when the female partner is aged 35–39 years, irrespective of the presence or absence of male factor; but not when the female partner is <35 years or ≥40 years of age; this decline is

STUDY QUESTION Are there neurobiological changes induced by endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER Women with endometriosis demonstrate specific neurobiological changes distinct from those in patients with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in the absence of endometriosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriosis is a chronic disease affecting women of reproductive age that presents with pain and infertility often accompanied

STUDY QUESTION Is there a difference in clinical pregnancy rates (CPRs) in good prognosis patients after single embryo transfer (SET) on Day 5, in case of stable culture at 36.6°C or 37.1°C? SUMMARY ANSWER CPR (with heartbeat at 7 weeks) after blastocyst transfer do not differ after culturing at 36.6°C or 37.1°C. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Since the beginning of IVF, embryo culture has been performed at

BACKGROUND Sentinel lymph node mapping is a minimally invasive surgical staging procedure that allows identification of macro- and micrometastases. The implementation of sentinel lymph node mapping to women with low-grade endometrial cancer allows detection of lymph node metastases and avoids the morbidity of radical pelvic lymphadenectomy. The extent of myometrial invasion is highly predictive of

BACKGROUND While utilization of minimally invasive surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy have increased considerably over time for surgical management of early-stage uterine cancer, practice varies significantly in the United States, with disparities among low-volume centers and patients of Black race. A significant number of counties in the US are without a gynecologic oncologist, and almost half

ObjectiveChild marriage forces a girl into adult roles before physical and psychological maturity, which can take a toll on women's health over the life course. This article aims to assess whether child marriage and adolescent childbearing are associated with elevated risk of gynaecologic disorders leading to hysterectomy.DesignCross‐sectional and time‐to‐event analysis.SettingIndia.Population528 816

ObjectiveUncertainty surrounds the risk–benefit of low‐molecular‐weight heparin to prevent postpartum venous thromboembolism (VTE). Data from randomised clinical trials (RCT) are critically needed, but recent feasibility studies in North America yielded low participation rates, with <1 enrolment per month per centre. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of a trial of postpartum short‐term enoxaparin

STUDY QUESTION Can a simplified ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) risk assessment index be developed and validated with sufficient discrimination of moderate/severe OHSS from those without OHSS? SUMMARY ANSWER This easy-to-use OHSS risk assessment index shows good discriminative power and high calibration accuracy in internal and external validation cohorts. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY An early alert

STUDY QUESTION Do biallelic deleterious variants of Calreticulin 3 (CALR3) cause fertilization failure (FF), resulting in male infertility in humans? SUMMARY ANSWER Biallelic mutations in CALR3 were identified in two infertile men from unrelated families and were shown to cause FF associated with failed sperm-zona pellucida (ZP) binding. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In male mice, the Calr3-knockout has been

STUDY QUESTION Are Sertoli cells (SCs) from adult Klinefelter men (47,XXY) capable of proliferating in vitro and maintaining their main phenotypical and functional characteristics as do SCs from adult 46,XY patients? SUMMARY ANSWER Isolated SCs from patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) can be expanded in vitro while maintaining their characteristics and a stable karyotype, similar to SCs from 46

BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is internationally performed as a treatment option in obesity to achieve significant and sustained weight loss. There is an increasing number of women having pregnancies after bariatric surgery with mixed maternal and fetal outcomes, with a limited number of large, matched studies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the type of pre-pregnancy bariatric surgery, to analyse

STUDY QUESTION Does RXFP2 disruption impair male fertility? SUMMARY ANSWER We identified biallelic variants in RXFP2 in patients with male infertility due to spermatogenic arrest at the spermatid stage, supporting a role of RXFP2 in human spermatogenesis, specifically in germ cell maturation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Since RXFP2, the receptor for INSL3, plays a crucial role in testicular descent during

STUDY QUESTION Is virtual reality (VR) an effective non-pharmacological tool to reduce procedural pain during hysterosalpingography (HSG)? SUMMARY ANSWER An HSG with VR does not reduce procedural pain scores compared to an HSG without VR. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY An HSG is often experienced as painful and uncomfortable. VR has been proven successful to reduce acute procedural pain during a variety of

Mild hypothyroidism, including subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia (IMH), is fairly common in pregnant women, but its impact on pregnancy outcomes is less clear, especially mild hypothyroidism in late pregnancy. To evaluate the impact of SCH and IMH in the first and third trimesters, respectively, on obstetric and perinatal outcomes. This large prospective study

OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were first, to compare different markers of maternal vascular function in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia (PE), or gestational hypertension (GH) and women whose pregnancies were unaffected by these complications. Second, to assess the association between maternal vascular function and markers of placental perfusion, maternal vascular

BACKGROUND Maternal depression during pregnancy is prevalent and has been associated with increased risk of preterm delivery (PTD). However, comparative effectiveness of two commonly used treatment options, mental health counseling and use of antidepressants, in mitigating the risk of PTD associated with maternal depression remains uncertain. Although antidepressant use has been associated with increased

STUDY QUESTION Is parity associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among women in a nationally representative cohort of the US population, and does depression mediate this association? SUMMARY ANSWER Nulliparous women have a higher risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, with depression partially mediating the relationship between parity and women’s all-cause and cause-specific

BACKGROUND The ophthalmic artery, which is the first branch of the internal carotid artery, has a Doppler velocity waveform with two systolic peaks. The ratio of the peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the second wave divided by that of the first wave, reflects increased peripheral resistance. Previous studies in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy have reported that in pregnancies that

STUDY QUESTION Does preconceptional exposure to oil-based iodinated contrast media during hysterosalpingography (HSG) impact children’s neurodevelopment compared with exposure to water-based alternatives? SUMMARY ANSWER Our study found no large-sized effects for neurodevelopment in children with preconceptional exposure to oil-based iodinated contrast media during HSG compared with water-based alternatives

STUDY QUESTION How were the logbook and curriculum for the Nurses and Midwives Certification Programme of ESHRE developed? SUMMARY ANSWER The logbook and corresponding curriculum for the ESHRE Nurses and Midwives Certification Programme were based on an extensive literature review, an international expert panel, and a survey of Belgian and Dutch nurses and midwives (N&M) working in reproductive medicine

STUDY QUESTION Do obstetric and perinatal complications vary according to different blastocyst developmental parameters after frozen-thawed single-blastocyst transfer (SBT) cycles? SUMMARY ANSWER Pregnancies following the transfer of a blastocyst with a grade C trophectoderm (TE) were associated with an increased risk of placenta previa compared to those with a blastocyst of grade A TE. WHAT IS KNOWN

STUDY QUESTION Do testis-specific cells have a normal karyotype in non-mosaic postpubertal Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients with focal spermatogenesis and in non-mosaic prepubertal KS boys? SUMMARY ANSWER Spermatogonia have a 46, XY karyotype, and Sertoli cells surrounding these spermatogonia in postpubertal patients also have a 46, XY karyotype, whereas, in prepubertal KS boys, Sertoli cells surrounding

STUDY QUESTION What is the prevalence of occupational stress, somatization, and burnout reported by UK and US, embryologists and the impact of work conditions on these well-being outcomes? SUMMARY ANSWER Surveyed UK and US embryologists reported moderate perceived stress, low somatic symptom severity, high levels of burnout, and overall stressful work conditions, but with differences that could be

STUDY QUESTION Does hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) prior to hysterosalpingography (HSG) or HSG prior to HyFoSy affect visible tubal patency when compared HSG or HyFoSy alone? SUMMARY ANSWER Undergoing either HyFoSy or HSG prior to tubal patency testing by the alternative method does not demonstrate a significant difference in visible tubal patency when compared to HyFoSy or HSG alone. WHAT

BACKGROUND The rising trend in maternal mortality over the past three decades sets the United States (U.S.) apart from all other high-income countries. Multidisciplinary state and city Maternal Mortality Review Committees (MMRCs) conduct comprehensive reviews of maternal deaths, including assessments of preventability and contributing factors. OBJECTIVE(S) Assess preventability of and contributing

OBJECTIVES Vaginal childbirth is a key risk factor for pelvic floor muscle injury and dysfunction, and subsequent pelvic floor disorders. Multiparity further exacerbates these risks. Using the rat model, validated for the studies of the human pelvic floor muscles, we have previously identified that a single simulated birth injury results in pelvic floor muscle atrophy and fibrosis. We hypothesized

STUDY QUESTION What is the distribution of endometriosis phenotypes according to age in adult women undergoing surgery? SUMMARY ANSWER The phenotype of endometriosis did not significantly vary after 24 years old. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The phenotypic evolution of endometriosis over time remains unclear. While adolescents can exhibit any type of endometriosis lesions, ovarian endometriosis (OMA) and/or

To identify factors associated with neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) in early Gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM).

BACKGROUND The US suffers from an increasing rate of severe maternal morbidity, paired with a wide disparity in maternal health by race. Doulas are posited to be a useful resource to increase positive outcomes and decrease this disparity. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association of doula care with a broad range of maternal and neonatal outcomes in various subpopulations. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort