Background/aims We evaluated longitudinal autoantibody changes after intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP), compared them with those in untreated patients and identified prognostic factors for treatment response. Methods In this single-centre, retrospective, observational study, a total of 163 individuals diagnosed with moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease were enrolled and followed for 12 months

Purpose To create a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of ocular anterior segment for primary angle closure diseases (PACD) and assess the aqueous humour (AH) dynamics in different angle closure ranges (ACRs). Methods The ocular anterior segment geometry was obtained from an optical coherence tomography image by SOLIDWORKS. Three different angle opening distance at 750 µm from the scleral spur

Aims To quantitatively measure retinal curvature (RC) in children with myopia and explore its association with refractive status. Methods This cross-sectional study included participants aged 5–18 years who underwent comprehensive ocular examinations, including cycloplegic refraction and macula 24×20 mm optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. RC was derived from OCT data using a three-dimensional

PURPOSE A sensorimotor examination is the gold standard for strabismus diagnosis and quantification but requires a highly skilled examiner and may be limited by a child's cooperation. Virtual reality (VR) employs eye-tracking technology to monitor eye position and may be able to measure strabismus. The aim of this study was to assess a prototype VR-simulated alternate cover test to detect and measure

Objective Progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) is an alphaherpesvirus-caused panuveitis with devastating consequences for the eye. Our study aims to describe new findings in the clinical spectrum and propose a mechanism for the pathogenesis of PORN. Methods Observational, consecutive case series. Seven eyes from five patients diagnosed with PORN were enrolled. Detailed case histories, ocular examination

Aims This study evaluates the long-term efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser excision as a novel treatment for large xanthelasma palpebrarum. Methods The study included 295 patients diagnosed with xanthelasma palpebrarum, categorised as 246 patients with grade I, 16 with grade II, 22 patients with grade III and 11 with grade IV lesions. All underwent CO₂ laser excision and were followed

A 77-year-old woman presents to the ophthalmology department with a 5-year history of a painless neoplasm in her left eye and no history of tumors. Slitlamp examination shows a papillary tumor on the limbal conjunctiva, with blood vessels extending to the tumor. What would you do next?

ImportanceVision impairment is a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia. Although few prior studies have estimated the contribution of vision impairments to dementia, none have reported on multiple objectively measured vision impairments (eg, distance and near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity) in a nationally representative sample of older adults.ObjectiveTo quantify population attributable

ImportanceAlthough optic disc hemorrhage (DH) is widely recognized as a glaucoma risk factor, its clinical relevance in relation to proximity has not been investigated.ObjectiveTo determine the association of the proximal location of DH with glaucoma progression.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this longitudinal observational cohort study, 146 eyes of 146 patients at Seoul National University Hospital

ImportanceRacial, ethnic, and sex disparities exist in US clinical study enrollment, and the prevalence of these disparities in Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG) clinical studies has not been thoroughly assessed.ObjectiveTo evaluate racial, ethnic, and sex representation in PEDIG clinical studies compared with the 2010 US Census pediatric population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis

PURPOSE Describe complications, functional success, and retention of the Lucia Keratoprosthesis (KPro). DESIGN Retrospective interventional case series METHODS: The demographic data, baseline characteristics, complications, functional success, and retention were analyzed for Lucia KPro at Instituto de Oftalmologia Conde de Valenciana in Mexico City from 2021-2023. Multivariate regression analysis and

PURPOSE Animal models suggest omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may protect against myopia by modulating choroidal blood perfusion, but clinical evidence is scarce and mixed. We aimed to determine the causality between omega-3 PUFAs and myopia using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. DESIGN Two-sample MR analysis. METHODS Exposures are genetically predicted 18 fatty acids (FAs) related

Background To assess predictive value of short-term choroidal changes for future myopic shift in children. Methods 577 eyes of 289 primary school children were prospectively followed for 2 years. Cycloplegic refractions at baseline, 1 year and 2 years, and choroidal measurements by optical coherence tomography at baseline and 3 months, were used for analyses. Myopic shift was defined as refraction

OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide data on the effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists on intraocular pressure (IOP). DESIGN Retrospective clinical cohort study. SETTING Multicenter. STUDY POPULATION 1247 glaucoma surgery and treatment naïve eyes of 626 patients who were initiated on GLP-1R agonists compared to 1083 glaucoma surgery and treatment naïve eyes of 547 patients who

PURPOSE To describe a new retinal phenotype characterized by bilateral, multifocal, subretinal vitelliform lesions along the vascular arcades that we refer to as multifocal vitelliform paravascular retinopathy (MVPR). DESIGN Observational case series. METHODS Multimodal retinal imaging including color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence and cross sectional and en-face optical coherence tomography

PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness (CT) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GC-IPLT) across distinct phenotypes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS T2DM patients were categorized into five groups (SAID, SIDD, SIRD, MOD, and MARD) using K-means clustering based on β-cell function

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of faricimab, a bispecific antibody targeting VEGF and Ang-2 (thus increasing Tie-2 activity), in patients with CSC based on a recent genetic study that implicated Tie-2 signaling in CSC pathophysiology. DESIGN A retrospective interventional multicenter case series. METHODS We included patients with chronic CSC (persistent or recurrent SRF for ≥6 months) who received

Background/aims It is unclear whether a reduction in tear secretion contributes to the discomfort experienced by those with prosthetic eyes. Tear secretion has hitherto only been measured with the Schirmer test which may be affected by the pooling of tears behind the prosthesis. In this study, direct imaging of the lacrimal gland has been performed to measure tear secretion in anophthalmic sockets

Aims To evaluate the quality of responses from large language models (LLMs) to patient-generated conjunctivitis questions. Methods A two-phase, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University. In phase 1, four LLMs (GPT-4, Qwen, Baichuan 2 and PaLM 2) responded to 22 frequently asked conjunctivitis questions. Six expert ophthalmologists assessed these responses using

Aim To evaluate reproducibility and agreement of angle closure assessment by a novel hyperparallel optical coherence tomography (OCT) system (HP-OCT, Cylite Optics, Melbourne, Australia), in comparison with swept-source OCT (SS-OCT, CASIA SS-1000, Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Japan) and gonioscopy. Methods Cross-sectional study. Phakic subjects >40 years, with no relevant ophthalmic history were consecutively

Our aim was to evaluate a potential role for the lacrimal drainage system (LDS) as a portal of entry and conduit for SARS-CoV-2 in human infection. We also investigate the mucosal surface area. The relatively long tear contact time in a closed system raises the possibility that this pathway may contribute to the initiation of systemic infection. We looked for expression of ACE2, the main receptor for

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has transformed ocular vascular imaging, revealing microvascular changes linked to various systemic diseases. This review explores its applications in diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. While OCTA provides a valuable window into the body's microvasculature, interpreting the findings can be complex. Additionally

PURPOSE In this study the safety and efficacy of silk-derived protein 4 (SDP-4), also known as amlisimod, eye drops against a vehicle control formulation in patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED) was assessed. SDP-4 is a novel, naturally derived, anti-inflammatory wetting agent that enhances coating on the ocular surface. DESIGN Exploratory Phase 2, 12- and 8-week, serial cohort, multicenter

BACKGROUND Keratoconus (KC) is a corneal ectasia disease in which the vision of some patients cannot achieve satisfaction by spectacle corrections. However, not everyone can embrace contact lenses to achieve better vision. Perceptual learning (PL) is a potential treatment for vision improvement in such patients. PURPOSE To investigate the effectiveness and maintenance of PL on vision improvement in

PURPOSE To introduce and validate a novel substantially lower-priced and rapid swept-source investigational optical biometer in healthy and cataractous eyes, employing a thermally tuned laser diode used extensively in cell-phones and data communication as an alternative swept-source. DESIGN Prospective accuracy, validity, and reliability analysis. METHODS Sixty eyes of 59 subjects (twenty-nine eyes

PURPOSE To demonstrate cases of anterior uveitis requiring more than one anterior chamber paracenesis to elucidate CMV as the causative etiology. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. METHODS Patients were seen at the Francis I. Proctor Foundation at the University of California, San Francisco between 2013 to 2024. Patients who required more than one anterior chamber paracentesis to detect CMV as the

PURPOSE This study aims to quantify the volume of intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), and sub-retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) fluid in treatment-naïve Type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV) eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to investigate the correlation of these fluid volumes with visual acuity (VA) outcomes at baseline and following anti-vascular endothelial

OBJECTIVE To describe a novel method called 'three variable optimization' that entails a process of doing just one calculation to zero out the mean prediction error of an entire dataset (regardless of size), using only 3 variables: 1) the constant used, 2) the average intraocular lens (IOL) power and 3) the average PE. DESIGN Development, evaluation, and testing of a method to optimize personal IOL

PURPOSE The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship of psoriasis and neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in diabetic mellitus (DM) population. DESIGN Nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study. METHODS Records of patients who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus over 40 years of age from January 2009 to December 2012 were analyzed. The incidence

PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) changes and corneal biomechanical properties, determine the quantitative relationship between IOP changes and corneal biomechanical properties in patients with glaucoma and observe the differences among different types of glaucoma when the effects of high-level IOP were excluded. DESIGN Prospective clinical cohort study. METHODS

Purpose To identify preoperative predictors of big bubble (BB) formation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in patients with keratoconus (KC). Design Retrospective cohort study in an Italian tertiary centre. Study population Consecutive patients with KC undergoing DALK from January 2021 to July 2023. Observation procedure Tomographic and topographic data including K-max, K-mean, keratometric

Purpose To evaluate the longitudinal rate of choriocapillaris flow deficits (CFD) in healthy participants and patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods This prospective cohort study included healthy individuals and diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (non-DR) or with mild-to-moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR). The swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was adopted

The recent publication by Lucchino et al reports on preoperative predictive factors for big bubble (BB) formation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in keratoconus eyes.1 In a total of 140 eyes of 140 patients, the authors observed successful pneumatic dissection in 98 eyes (70.0%), with 94 type 1 BB (67.1%) and 4 type 2 BB (2.9%). The study provides topographic evidence for a higher

This case report describes a diagnosis of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome as a result of sub-Tenon triamcinolone injection in a patient receiving treatment for HIV who presented with decreased visual acuity in both eyes.

ImportanceIf preperimetric glaucoma reduces patient-reported vision-related quality of life (VRQoL), clinicians might consider earlier and more aggressive treatment of some patients with ocular hypertension and early glaucoma.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of preperimetric glaucoma and early glaucomatous visual field (VF) loss on participants’ VRQoL compared with participants who did not develop

ImportanceWhile combined treatment of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections plus panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is a common approach for treating proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in the clinical practice setting, large randomized clinical trials typically use monotherapy. Subsequently, information is limited as to whether the order of treatment when combining PRP and

PURPOSE To systematically review and meta-analyze all reported heritability studies of refractive astigmatism (RA), corneal astigmatism (CA) and corneal curvature (CC), and evaluate the existing genetic associations of RA, CA and CC. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023447370). METHODS Studies that reported the heritability and genetic associations of RA, CA and/or CC were

This study aims to develop a novel serum-free culture strategy containing only two small molecules, Y27632 and SB431542 (2C), for expansion of mouse lacrimal gland epithelial cells (LGECs) and investigate an innovative therapeutic approach for lacrimal gland (LG) injury. LGECs proliferative capacity was assessed by cell counting, crystal violet staining, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Cell differentiation

PURPOSE To report mid-term outcomes of Boston Keratoprosthesis type II at a reference center in Spain. DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS This observational study included medical records of 9 patients who underwent Boston Keratoprosthesis type II surgery at Cruces University Hospital from May 2016 through May 2023. A total of 9 eyes received this device during the study period. One patient

PURPOSE Evidence to support the hypothesis that visual field (VF) status can improve after initiation of intraocular pressure (IOP) reducing treatment is controversial. We take advantage of participant eligibility data from the United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study (UKGTS) to test this hypothesis in newly diagnosed glaucomatous patients randomised to IOP lowering therapy or placebo. DESIGN Multicentre

PURPOSE To determine if Lmln, a Zn-metallopeptidase, is important for retinal homeostasis. METHODS Combining an unbiased N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis pipeline in mice with optical coherence tomography (OCT) screening and automated meiotic mapping, we identified an allele (nemeth) that seemed to be associated with outer nuclear layer (ONL) thinning. Since nemeth was predicted to lead to a nonsense

OBJECTIVE To evaluate optic nerve head morphology in children with craniosynostosis versus healthy controls. DESIGN Single-centre, prospective cohort study METHODS: Handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in 110 eyes of 58 children (aged 0-13 years) with craniosynostosis. Inclusion criteria were as follows: normal intracranial pressure (ICP) on invasive overnight monitoring, or clinically

The aberrant canonical Wnt-β-catenin signaling can cause devastating outcomes of tissue morphogenesis and tumor formation. In this study, we examined the impact of overexpression of constitutive active β-catenin in mouse periocular neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells during embryonic eyelid morphogenesis. We expressed a stabilized β-catenin in which the exon 3 of the 1 gene was deleted in periocular

Prior studies of teprotumumab for thyroid eye disease report proptosis reduction in millimetres, which does not fully capture teprotumumab’s clinical effect since a given number of millimetres change can be of variable impact depending on patients’ degree of pre-treatment proptosis. In this retrospective study analysing proptosis change as a percentage of pre-treatment proptosis among 119 patients

Aims To construct and validate an optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) image model for predicting the occurrence of short-term vitreous haemorrhage (VH) in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) patients. Methods We retrospectively collected clinical and imaging information from patients diagnosed with PCV at Peking Union Medical College Hospital,

PURPOSE To assess macular microstructural changes associated with internal limiting membrane peeling (ILMP) using three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT) in primary macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repairs with vitrectomy and silicone oil (SO) tamponade. DESIGN Retrospective, consecutive, interventional case series. METHODS Setting: Institutional practice. PATIENT

Background/aims This was a cross-sectional comparative study. We evaluated the ability of three large language models (LLMs) (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Bard) to generate novel patient education materials (PEMs) and improve the readability of existing PEMs on paediatric cataract. Methods We compared LLMs’ responses to three prompts. Prompt A requested they write a handout on paediatric cataract

Aims To compare effectiveness of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide injections and intravitreal injections of dexamethasone 700 µg implants in reducing central macular thickness (CMT) in uveitic and postoperative macular oedema (ME). Methods We conducted an open-label, French multicentre randomised comparative trial with a logarithmic CMT non-inferiority margin set at 0.06. Patients were adults

High-risk factors for intraoperative zonular complications due to pre-existing zonular dehiscence in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome were poor mydriasis, a shallow anterior chamber, and large lens decentration, emphasising the importance of preoperative assessment of these clinical parameters. Ocular inflammatory events following COVID-19 vaccination are rare, the most commonly reported phenotype