Professional team athletes experience a range of mental health problems, both sports and non-sports related. However, there is limited information available for those charged with responsibility for managing these mental health conditions, particularly within the context of professional sporting clubs. This paper reports on consensus findings from a study of club doctors, who are primary care providers

Objective To investigate the risk of transmission among potentially infectious SARS-CoV-2-positive football players while participating in training or matches at amateur, youth and professional levels. Methods Between August 2020 and March 2021, football players who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and participated in matches or training during the period of potential contagiousness were identified through

> He tangata, he tangata, he tangata > > It is the people, it is the people, it is the people Welcome to the Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians (ACSEP) edition of BJSM . He tangata—it is the people in our lives that are important to us. How our two countries have managed the pandemic affecting the lives of the people around us will be told in stories for generations. Many more stories

In BJSM , Gabel and colleagues in their paper ‘Pre-flight Exercise and Bone Metabolism Predict Unloading-Induced Bone Loss due to Spaceflight’ study skeletal health in a unique population of ‘occupational athletes’: astronauts.1 Astronauts frequently experience cardiovascular deconditioning, immune suppression, balance disorders, strength deficits and bone loss as a result of space travel.2 After more

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the participation of females in sport, as well as professionalism of female sport.1 Sports and exercise medicine (SEM) literature has, however, failed to mirror this progress, as female athletes continue to be on the margins of methodological, theoretical and empirical research.2 The absence of the female narrative in the scientific literature is

Overdiagnosis in healthcare is a problem. A big one. Clinicians are skilled at labelling people in ways that do not necessarily benefit them. Too often we create harms from unnecessary labels and subsequent treatments that waste healthcare resources. Learning from Preventing Overdiagnosis conferences, Choosing Wisely1, the BMJ’s Too Much Medicine2 and JAMA’s Less is More3 campaigns, we opine that sport

Sports and exercise medicine (SEM) clinicians embrace evidence-based practice as a means to improve quality of care, ultimately improving the overall health of the community. However, implementation and dissemination of research evidence to SEM practice encounters many barriers in different settings. SEM is well established in many developed countries,1–3 but in some African countries such as Cameroon

Concussion is a frequent injury in many sports and is also common in para athletes. However, there is a paucity of concussion research related to para sport, and prior International Concussion in Sport (CIS) consensus papers have not substantively addressed this population. To remedy this and to improve concussion care provided to para athletes, the concussion in para sport (CIPS) multidisciplinary

Objective To investigate the aetiology and incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and death (SCA/D) in US competitive athletes. Methods Prospective surveillance was conducted from 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2018 through the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research in collaboration with national sports organisations. Autopsy reports, death certificates, and medical records were reviewed by an

Objectives To assess the influence of muscle power and adiposity on all-cause mortality risk and to evaluate the ‘fat but powerful’ (F+P) (or ‘fat but fit’) paradox in older adults. Methods A total of 2563 older adults (65‒91 years old) from the EXERNET multicentre study were included. Adiposity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage (BF%) and fat index), allometric and relative

Background Cam morphology, a distinct bony morphology of the hip, is prevalent in many athletes, and a risk factor for hip-related pain and osteoarthritis. Secondary cam morphology, due to existing or previous hip disease (eg, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease), is well-described. Cam morphology not clearly associated with a disease is a challenging concept for clinicians, scientists and patients. We propose

Published in the Lancet in 2020, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 provided updated disease burden rankings for 87 risk factors including behavioural and metabolic risks. GBD 2019 ranked low physical activity 19th out of 20 risk factors in terms of disability-adjusted life years, down from 10th in the equivalent 2010 GBD publication.1 The number of attributable deaths has decreased from 3.2 million

Objective To determine the effects of interventions aimed at optimising the quantity and quality of physical education (PE) on cognition and academic performance in children and adolescents. Design A systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Studies from electronic databases from inception to 3 January 2021 were identified. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Experimental studies that

Objective A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed on selected studies to investigate the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) among athletes compared with non-athlete controls. Design Meta-analysis with heterogeneity analysis and subsequent meta-regression to model covariates were performed. The mode of exercise (endurance and mixed sports) and age were the a priori determined

The WHO recommends that adults should do at least 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity or 75 min of vigorous physical activity per week.1 Despite this, recent statistics show that one in four adults do not meet the recommended physical activity guidelines.2 Road cycling is an effective form of exercise that can help overcome the population’s failure to meet physical activity guidelines.

The International Olympic Committee has published 27 ‘consensus statements’ since 2004.1 Many of them are heavily downloaded and highly cited. Several have influenced health policy and societal behaviour. Some consensus statements are so well-known they go by just one name in context: ‘Berlin’ means concussion, ‘Doha’ is synonymous with groin pain, and ‘Bern’ evokes return to play guidelines. Despite

Introduction The benefits of physical activity for people living with long-term conditions (LTCs) are well established. However, the risks of physical activity are less well documented. The fear of exacerbating symptoms and causing adverse events is a persuasive barrier to physical activity in this population. This work aimed to agree clear statements for use by healthcare professionals about medical

Poor reporting of medical and healthcare systematic reviews is a problem from which the sports and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and sports science fields are not immune. Transparent, accurate and comprehensive systematic review reporting helps researchers replicate methods, readers understand what was done and why, and clinicians and policy-makers implement results in practice

Objectives To adapt key components of exertional heat stroke (EHS) prehospital management proposed by the Intenational Olympic Committee Adverse Weather Impact Expert Working Group for the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 so that it is applicable for the Paralympic athletes. Methods An expert working group representing members with research, clinical and lived sports experience from a Para sports perspective

A concussion is a common injury in many sports, including para sport. Aside from a more comprehensive need for concussion education, clinicians face difficulties applying concussion assessment and management guidelines to para athletes.1 At present, there is a lack of para-sport concussion research, and prior International Concussion in Sport (CIS) consensus papers have not addressed this specific

> The guilt that I feel, and that my husband feels … is crippling. (Anonymous mother of a former gymnast abused in sport) Sport is commonly positioned as an antidote to adverse childhood experiences, including neglect and psychological, physical and sexual abuse.1 However, a growing number of well-publicised cases firmly establish athlete abuse1 as a significant threat to modern sport.2 Entrenched

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) on the field of play (FoP) is a life-threatening event which requires a prompt and coordinated medical response.1 Guidelines for implementation of an emergency medical plan (EMP) for SCA have been previously outlined by the FIFA2 and UEFA,3 but the best available evidence to respond to the unique circumstances of the football athlete with SCA on the FoP continues to evolve

Objective To describe the illness and injury pattern of Norwegian Para athletes over five consecutive Paralympic Summer and Winter Games cycles and to identify which health problems should be targeted in risk management plans with respect to impairment types. Methods We monitored athletes from 12 to 18 months prior to each Game using a weekly online questionnaire (Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center-H2

Objectives Many athletes struggle in managing the end of their career, often gaining weight and adopting unhealthy lifestyles. Lifestyle programmes targeting former athletes who have gained substantial fat mass (FM) postsports career are lacking. We studied the effects of the Champ4Life programme on body composition and other health-related outcomes in former elite athletes with overweight or obesity

Objective To identify, summarise and critically assess economic evaluation studies on sports injury prevention strategies. Design Systematic review. Data sources PubMed, SportDiscuss. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies The current literature was searched following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Economic analyses published since 2010 were checked

Objective To investigate the effect of physical interventions (subthreshold aerobic exercise, cervical, vestibular and/or oculomotor therapies) on days to recovery and symptom scores in the management of concussion. Design A systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, CINAHL, Embase, SportDiscus, Cochrane library, Scopus and PEDro. Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials of

Evidence-based practice is the cornerstone of our clinical work and evidence-based guidelines are a key part of this. Dutch scientific associations, like our own Dutch Sports Medicine Association (VSG), are making advances in developing monodisciplinary and multidisciplinary guidelines. Developing and implementing these guidelines is supported by the Dutch Knowledge Institute of Medical Specialists

This editorial is a call for action to make physical activity and sedentary behaviour messages inclusive. It focuses on disability. Numerous definitions of disability and ways of identifying as disabled exist across the globe. For example, some people, cultures, organisations and governments prefer for certain reasons to use the term ‘disabled people’, whereas others prefer ‘people with disabilities’

Sports and exercise medicine (SEM) is a professional qualification for physicians responsible for the health and care of athletes, but also for the functional evaluation and exercise prescription in patients with chronic diseases. SEM clinicians are involved in health promotion, screening and illness prevention for public health purposes.1 These medical specialists provide preparticipation evaluations

Objective To provide a comprehensive, evidence-based overview of the risk factors, prevention, diagnosis, imaging, treatment and prognosis for Achilles tendinopathy. To make clinical recommendations for healthcare practitioners and patients. Design Comprehensive multidisciplinary guideline process funded by the Quality Foundation of the Dutch Federation of Medical Specialists. This process included

Patellofemoral pain is a common and often debilitating musculoskeletal condition. Clinical translation and evidence synthesis of patellofemoral pain research are compromised by heterogenous and often inadequately reported study details. This consensus statement and associated checklist provides standards for REPORTing of quantitative PatelloFemoral Pain (REPORT-PFP) research to enhance clinical translation

Background There are no data relating symptoms of an acute respiratory illness (ARI) in general, and COVID-19 specifically, to return to play (RTP). Objective To determine if ARI symptoms are associated with more prolonged RTP, and if days to RTP and symptoms (number, type, duration and severity) differ in athletes with COVID-19 versus athletes with other ARI. Design Cross-sectional descriptive study

Objective When appraising the quality of randomised clinical trial (RCTs) on the merits of exercise therapy, we typically limit our assessment to the quality of the methods. However, heterogeneity across studies can also be caused by differences in the quality of the exercise interventions (ie, ‘the potential effectiveness of a specific intervention given the potential target group of patients’)—a

Objective Stem cell therapy is increasingly used for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). We aimed to review the evidence of autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy on pain, function and severity on imaging in KOA. Design Systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Eligibility criteria RCTs evaluating autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy on patient-reported outcome measures and disease

Objective The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of exercise-based programmes in the prevention of non-contact musculoskeletal injuries among football players in comparison to a control group. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PEDro and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from the earliest

### Monday, 18 May 2020 around 17:00 I wake up in the intensive care unit of Saint-Etienne University Hospital, having been plunged into a coma for several hours. The day before, I was the victim of a road traffic accident, hit by a car while on my road bike. I am Johan Rodriguez, a professional triathlete with Chambéry Triathlon (France) (figure 1). My team and I reached highest national level, which

Compared with some collision/contact sports, concussions are relatively uncommon in professional football (soccer).1 2 Nevertheless, professional football has been under repeated scrutiny because of questionable recognition and management (on-field and off-field) of concussions during several high-profile international and national competitions. Given the Concussion in Sport Consensus process has been

Background The number of adults across the globe with significant depressive symptoms has grown substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The extant literature supports exercise as a potent behaviour that can significantly reduce depressive symptoms in clinical and non-clinical populations. Objective Using a suite of mobile applications, at-home exercise, including high intensity interval training

Clear, concise, and consistent. These qualities (the 3Cs) are critical for effective scientific communication. Plain language enables easy comparisons between study findings, ensures construct uniformity, and enhances communication of scientific discoveries to audiences beyond academia. Health research has a growing interest in the inter-relationships of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour

Objectives To compare the success rates of arthroscopic Bankart and open Latarjet procedure in the treatment of traumatic shoulder instability in young males. Design Multicentre randomised controlled trial. Setting Orthopaedic departments in eight public hospitals in Finland. Participants 122 young males, mean age 21 years (range 16–25 years) with traumatic shoulder anteroinferior instability were

Many refugee and migrant children and adolescents are in urgent need of shelter, care and protection. Greece has been a major entry point in Europe, receiving over a million refugees and migrants (37% children) since the beginning of 2015. These children and their families face a range of risks, such as violence, exploitation and abuse in their country of origin, during their journey, and on arrival

Successful management of tissue injury cannot rely solely on pain responses because tissue healing is not directly related to pain. Pain without identifiable pathology is common in athletes,1 and as a result medical labelling remains an ongoing challenge. Therefore, we argue that, for the benefit of athletes, there is an urgent need for a clear distinction between pain and injury (see Infographic)

Objective High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a safe and feasible form of exercise. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the mental health effects of HIIT, in healthy populations and those with physical illnesses, and to compare the mental health effects to non-active controls and other forms of exercise. Design Random effects meta-analyses were undertaken for randomised controlled

Digital health has grown from a collection of provocative ideas into a multibillion-dollar industry in just over a decade in part because of the promise of this technology for improving physical activity monitoring and promotion strategies. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evidence for this technology are beginning to accumulate.1 2 In this commentary, we offer some important considerations

There is a global concern surrounding the current lifestyle behaviours and future health and well-being of youth.1 Levels of physical activity, aerobic and muscular fitness in youth are in decline2 with such trends further worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic.3 Increases in obesity prevalence suggest that many youth do not develop the requisite skills to sustain a physically active lifestyle. Concurrently

This statement summarises and appraises the evidence on diagnostic tests and clinical information, and non-operative treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome and labral injuries. We included studies based on the highest available level of evidence as judged by study design. We evaluated the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation

It is been almost 18 months since the COVID-19 outbreak closed the borders and forced us to change the way of communicating and interacting across our communities. But despite that we have been limited in terms of physical assemblies, it appears to be no limits in how to keep ourselves connected through virtual communication. And some changes over the last year are probably here to stay, such as digital

The diligent reviewing of submitted manuscripts is not an altogether altruistic pursuit. Perhaps most alluring is the opportunity to read new science before anyone else, at the proverbial cutting edge of the profession. Peer review provides the opportunity to guide and enhance through comments and author revisions the presentation of new findings, so the methods and messages are clear and accurate

In sport and exercise medicine (SEM), context is key. By context we mean: ‘What works?’ ‘for whom?’ ‘how?’ and under ‘what circumstances?’ These are four key questions for clinicians who aim to prevent injuries, treat patients and guide return to sport with athletes. To answer real-world challenges, clinicians will often bow to the Oxford levels of evidence and rely on findings of randomised controlled

Low eccentric hip adduction strength increases the risk of hip adductor injury in football and ice hockey,1 2 emphasising the role of implementing strategies to target this. The Copenhagen Adduction exercise3 (video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6qfTLKhjnk) has achieved popularity in the sports medicine community. The exercise can be performed at pitch side without equipment,3 and elicits high muscle activity

In 2020, the IOC proposed a universal methodology for the recording and reporting of data for injury and illness in sport. Para sport is played by individuals with impairment, and they have a unique set of considerations not captured by these recommendations. Therefore, the aim of this addendum to IOC consensus statement was to guide the Para sport researcher through the complexities and nuances that

Objectives To describe and compare the epidemiology of competition injuries in unarmed combat sports (ie, boxing, judo, taekwondo and wrestling) in three consecutive Olympic Games. Methods Prospective cohort study using injury data from the IOC injury surveillance system and exposure data from official tournament records at three consecutive Olympic Games (ie, Beijing 2008, London 2012 and Rio de Janeiro

Background The UEFA Elite Club Injury Study is the largest and longest running injury surveillance programme in football. Objective To analyse the 18-season time trends in injury rates among male professional football players. Methods 3302 players comprising 49 teams (19 countries) were followed from 2000–2001 through 2018–2019. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries

Objectives The risk of viral transmission associated with contact sports such as football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the infective and immune status of professional football players, team staff and league officials over a truncated football season resumed at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates and to

Objectives To compare hospitalisation rates, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality for patients with COVID-19 who were consistently inactive, doing some activity or consistently meeting physical activity guidelines. Methods We identified 48 440 adult patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis from 1 January 2020 to 21 October 2020, with at least three exercise vital sign measurements from 19 March

Objective To develop a best practice guide for managing people with plantar heel pain (PHP). Methods Mixed-methods design including systematic review, expert interviews and patient survey. Data sources Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, trial registries, reference lists and citation tracking. Semi-structured interviews with world experts and a patient

Eklund E, Berglund B, Labrie F, et al . Serum androgen profile and physical performance in women Olympic athletes. Br J …

Objectives To determine the association between moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) trajectories (course over age and time) through the adult life course and onset of metabolic disease (diabetes and dyslipidaemia). Methods We analysed prospective community-based cohort data of 5115 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who were black and white

> Change your leaves, keep intact your roots > > –Victor Hugo Throughout history and across cultures, nearly all human societies have constructed systems of privilege and power that oppress, exploit and disadvantage some, while empowering others.1 Across sectors, the powerful have engineered these systems to achieve step-change economic gains at the expense of the oppressed. In addition to wealth,

Objective The Buffalo Concussion Physical Examination (BCPE) is a brief, but pertinent physical examination designed for the subacute, outpatient assessment of concussion. The purpose of this study was to perform the BCPE on a larger sample and derive a scoring system to identify children at risk for Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms (PPCS, recovery ≥30 days). Methods This prospective, observational