Objectives (1) To determine the prevalence of spine and upper limb osteoarthritis (OA) and pain in retired Olympians; (2) identify risk factors associated with their occurrence and (3) compare with a sample of the general population. Methods 3357 retired Olympians (44.7 years) and 1735 general population controls (40.5 years) completed a cross-sectional survey. The survey captured demographics, general

Objective The aim of this study was to test the extent to which physical activity performed during work and leisure is associated with systemic inflammation. Methods Data regarding job history and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, as well as potential confounders, came from the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank. The participants’ self-reported job history was combined with a job

Objectives To investigate the dose–response association of aerobic physical activity (PA) and muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) with all-cause mortality. Methods National Health Interview Survey data (1997–2014) were linked to the National Death Index through 2015, which produced a cohort of 416 420 US adults. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the associations

Objective Synthesise evidence for effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions following ACL and/or meniscal tear on symptomatic, functional, clinical, psychosocial, quality of life and reinjury outcomes. Design Overview of systematic reviews with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty of evidence. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane

PPGP is a specific category of pelvic girdle pain (PGP) impacting those in the perinatal period and differs in its aetiology as it is related to pregnancy and associated biopsychosocial influences. PGP in pregnancy and through the first postpartum year is common and combined with low back pain is estimated to occur in 56%–72% of antepartum people with 20% reporting severe symptoms during 20–30 weeks’

Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) practitioners have, in recent years, taken a leading role in two immensely important areas of research and practice: safeguarding athletes1 and athlete mental health.2 We, as a field, recognise that these intertwined, pressing and growing concerns are becoming more visible thanks to the power of athlete voice. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has also taken

What is the point of evidence if you cannot use it in the real world? This editorial is a call to action to reduce current knowledge-to-practice gaps and to emphasise the need for dissemination and implementation research in the field of sports injury and illness prevention. A challenging question exists for effective injury and illness prevention programmes: ‘Why is it that so many interventions in

The Sunnaas Foundation, a Norwegian non-profit foundation, has developed a Norwegian model of the Active Rehabilitation concept, in which peer mentorship is an essential element. Anecdotal evidence indicates that the participants’ experience increased independence in activities of daily living (ADL), including wheelchair skills, increased engagement in physical activities, social life and expanded

Objectives Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)-Child is a modification of the adult KOOS aiming to evaluate knee injury, including ACL deficiency. However, the measurement properties of KOOS-Child have not been assessed in a cohort of children with ACL deficiency. We aimed to study the structure of KOOS-Child using modern test theory models (Rasch analysis and confirmatory factor analysis

Objectives This study aims (1) to determine the prevalence of lower limb osteoarthritis (OA) and pain in retired Olympians; (2) to identify factors associated with their occurrence and (3) to compare with a sample of the general population. Methods 3357 retired Olympians (median 44.7 years) and 1735 general population controls (40.5 years) completed a cross-sectional survey. The survey captured demographics

Improvements in hamstring injury risk management strategies are necessary, especially in sports requiring ‘sprinting’ (ie, maximal acceleration and/or velocity). Sprinting represents about two-thirds of hamstring injury mechanisms.1 Several sprinting-related parameters are associated with hamstring injuries.2–5 Thus, this editorial aims to (1) emphasise the importance of sprinting and (2) provide general

Objective To improve classification of movement behaviours in free-living accelerometer data using machine-learning methods, and to investigate the association between machine-learned movement behaviours and risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults. Methods Using free-living data from 152 participants, we developed a machine-learning model to classify movement behaviours (moderate-to-vigorous

My PhD addressed the aims and objectives in three published studies (studies 1, 3 and 4) and one unpublished study (study 2). Study 1 was a meta-analysis and systematic review. Study 2 investigated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measurements, cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers. Study 3 investigated the effect of the 90 s ‘Gear’ exercise programme repeated

Football (soccer) heading is an integral game-related skill which affects performance.1 The sport is under increasing pressure to minimise head to ball contact due to reported concerns of developing long-term neurodegenerative diseases (ND).2 The English Football Association (FA) recently responded with guidance limiting headers in training.3 However, current research presents no high-quality evidence

The Sports and Exercise Medicine community and other sport stakeholders are becoming increasingly aware of the mental health symptoms (eg, depression, anxiety, substance misuse) reported by athletes. In 2019, this led to the publication of the first International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on mental health in this cohort and the establishment of the IOC Mental Health Working Group

The adolescent athlete faces a number of developmental challenges that occur alongside pursuit of their sporting goals. These include the pressures to perform at a high level but also to develop emotionally and physically to the demands of training and competition. Medical professionals caring for adolescent athletes, must be aware of and help them to achieve a defining metabolic milestone early on

As we slowly emerge from the pandemic, the world is finding its new normal and we are beginning to quantify the ramifications of COVID-19 and what it means to physical activity, sport and health. With lockdowns, restrictions and fear of viral transmission, physical activity was arguably a big loser during the pandemic. As a sports medicine community, it is essential we continue to advocate for the

Chronic conditions, typically characterised as diseases of long duration, slow progression and that require long-term management, contribute significantly to the global burden of disease and are predicted to become more prevalent in the years to come.1 People with chronic conditions are less likely to be physically active than the general population, which has important health and economic consequences

Physical activity (PA) is one of the most important factors to determine health outcomes. It is well established that for many musculoskeletal problems, PA and exercise are the way to better health. PA offers a wide range of physical and psychological benefits which may vary based on intensity, frequency and activity type. Most of the international guidelines recommend that an adult takes part in at

COVID-19-related restrictions disrupted the normal social and environmental systems within which children live, learn and play. These sudden societal changes provided opportunities for children and young people, their families, and the professionals and authorities supporting them to observe and experience a different type of world and reflect on what they value and what children’s lives could be.

Purpose To determine the potential associations between physical activity and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe illness from COVID-19 and COVID-19 related death using a nationwide cohort from South Korea. Methods Data regarding 212 768 Korean adults (age ≥20 years), who tested for SARS-CoV-2, from 1 January 2020 to 30 May 2020, were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea

Objective To assess the prevalence and clinical implications of persistent or exertional cardiopulmonary symptoms in young competitive athletes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This observational cohort study from the Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes included 3597 US collegiate athletes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical characteristics, advanced diagnostic testing and

Objectives We aimed to investigate the dose–response associations of long-term leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) obtained from repeated measures with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality outcomes in Taiwanese adults. Methods We included 210 327 participants with self-reported LTPA at least in two medical examinations (867 968 data points) for up to 20 years (median, IQR: 4.8 years

Objectives Persistent or late-onset cardiopulmonary symptoms following COVID-19 may occur in athletes despite a benign initial course. We examined the yield of cardiac evaluation, including cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), in athletes with cardiopulmonary symptoms after COVID-19, compared CPETs in these athletes and those without COVID-19 and evaluated longitudinal changes in CPET with improvement

Objectives To assess the effect of exercise training on the cognitive function of older adults living with different types of dementia, as well as potential moderators of exercise efficacy. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Cochrane Central, PsycINFO, Embase, Medline and CINAHL. Eligibility criteria Peer-reviewed, randomised controlled trials, in English (1990–present), which

Objective To describe acute/postacute COVID-19 presentations in athletes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources The search was conducted in four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus) and restricted to studies published from 2019 to 6 January 2022. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Studies were required to (1) include professional, amateur or collegiate/university

Dr Geoff Thompson arrived in the Northern Territory (NT) in November 1971, a move that changed his life forever. The NT is in the north of the Australian continent and is known for its iconic landmarks and ancient Aboriginal culture. The population of the NT is 252 770 and the proportion of the population who are First Nations People is 30%, compared with 3.3% for the remainder of Australia. Geoff’s

Dr Jiwu Chen, a Chinese orthopaedic surgeon, is very active in local and international societies of orthopaedic sports medicine. Since 2008, he has been committed to helping many patients through various online social media, including free online consultation platforms, instant messaging apps and short video platforms. Dr Chen was awarded China’s National Reputed Doctor Award in 2020 for his professional

Objectives Assess the validity and feasibility of current instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) and associated systems. Methods Phase I; four iMG systems (Biocore-Football Research Inc (FRI), HitIQ, ORB, Prevent) were compared against dummy headform laboratory criterion standards (25, 50, 75, 100 g ). Phase II; four iMG systems were evaluated for on-field validity of iMG-triggered events against video-verification

Acute illnesses affecting the respiratory tract are common and form a significant component of the work of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinicians. Acute respiratory illness (ARill) can broadly be classified as non-infective ARill and acute respiratory infections (ARinf). The aim of this consensus is to provide the SEM clinician with an overview and practical clinical approach to ARinf in athletes

Objective To investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on fat oxidation during exercise (FatOx) and how they compare with the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access

Objective We aimed to quantify the female athlete composition of the research data informing the most influential consensus and position statements in treating sports-related concussions. Design We identified the most influential concussion consensus and position statements through citation and documented clinician use; then, we analysed the percentage of male and female athletes from each statement’s

We are proud to present to you the annual Norwegian Sports and Exercise Medicine Society ’s issue of BJSM . MOT means courage in Norwegian. MOT is also the name of the organisation and life skill programme established 25 years ago after the 1994 Winter Olympics at Lillehammer, with the main aim to build robust youth who include all and help youth to show courage. Using top athletes as ambassadors and

Evidence for the benefits of regular physical activity is irrefutable. Physical activity guidelines often include a mix of aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities. Muscle strengthening activities can also be referred to as strength, weights or resistance exercise and are defined as a voluntary activity that includes the use of weight machines, exercise bands, hand-held weights or own-body weight

The Strategic Assessment of Risk and Risk Tolerance (StARRT) framework has been instrumental in the way practitioners view return-to-sport (RTS) decision-making.1 2 According to the framework, RTS decisions should be based on the practitioner’s risk assessment of outcome, involving an athlete’s estimated risk compared with their risk tolerance within the particular context. Activity risk assessment

> Optimal healing requires a commitment from all clinicians to be willing to connect with patients in new and vulnerable ways. (Athlete who experienced emotional and sexual abuse as a child1) Injuries are at the heart of sports medicine (SM), and athletes’ well-being is every SM clinician’s responsibility. Athletes experiencing interpersonal violence (eg, psychological, physical and sexual harassment

Exercise and physical activity can improve bone strength and the risk of falls, which may offer benefits in the prevention and management of osteoporosis. However, uncertainty about the types of exercise that are safe and effective instigates lack of confidence in people with osteoporosis and health professionals. Existing guidelines leave some questions unresolved. This consensus statement aimed to

Objectives To determine the association between moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) trajectories (course over age and time) through the adult life course and onset of metabolic disease (diabetes and dyslipidaemia). Methods We analysed prospective community-based cohort data of 5115 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who were black and white

Objective The study aimed to assess the associations of physical activity (PA) trajectories across a 25-year span with coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression, and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Methods We included 2497 participants from the Coronary Artery Disease Risk Development in Young Adults study who had computed tomography-assessment of CAC at baseline (year 15: 2000–2001)

Objectives To compare the proportion of patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury reporting an acceptable symptom state, between non-surgical and surgical treatment during a 10-year follow-up. Methods Data were extracted from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry. Exceeding the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) for the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was

Objective To compare outcomes from arthroscopic partial meniscectomy versus physical therapy in young patients with traumatic meniscal tears. Methods We conducted a multicentre, open-labelled, randomised controlled trial in patients aged 18–45 years, with a recent onset, traumatic, MRI-verified, isolated meniscal tear without knee osteoarthritis. Patients were randomised to arthroscopic partial meniscectomy

Objective Evaluate properties of outcome measures for gluteal tendinopathy. Design Multistage scoping/systematic review. Data sources Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, CINAHL, SPORTDISCUS were searched (December 2021) to identify measures used to evaluate gluteal tendinopathy. Measures were mapped to the core health domains for tendinopathy. Medline, CINAHL, Embase and PubMed

Sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation is a frequently encountered disease in the general population.1 Even though the natural course is favourable, due to its high prevalence, lumbar discectomy is a frequently performed procedure resulting in high costs for society. Conventional open microdiscectomy is seen as the standard procedure to treat sciatica. Surgical innovation and the development of

I felt so strong during the Judo match in Marrakech 2019, and I was so confident that I would easily win. Then—suddenly—I realized I could hardly breathe. It felt like I was breathing through a straw that was way too tight. I lost the fight of course. This happened when I had struggled hard to qualify for the Olympics in Tokyo 2020, and I had a disastrous feeling I was about to lose everything I had

This year we celebrate the 25 anniversary of MOT (‘mot’ means courage in Norwegian). The main aim of the organisation is to build robust and resilient youth and strengthen their awareness and courage to include their peers. MOT’s Life Skills programmes are implemented in ~300 schools across Norway and the organisation train locally based MOT coaches to engage students. MOT was established after the

The science of sport and exercise for health and performance has advanced exponentially over recent decades due to its widespread recognition as a distinct scientific discipline and the breadth and depth of research within the field. As the discipline has developed, a number of subdisciplines have emerged, examining key aspects of physical performance measurement and improvement, as well as exploring

Objectives To examine independent and interactive associations of physical activity and diet with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and physical activity, diet and adiposity-related (PDAR) cancer mortality. Methods This population-based prospective cohort study (n=346 627) is based on the UK Biobank data with linkage to the National Health Service death records to 30 April 2020. A left-truncated

Objective To assess the costs and cost-effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) compared with open microdiscectomy among patients with sciatica. Methods This economic evaluation was conducted alongside a 12-month multicentre randomised controlled trial with a non-inferiority design, in which patients were randomised to PTED or open microdiscectomy. Patients were aged

Physical activity (PA) is one of the most effective interventions for reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)1 and may have comparative effectiveness with pharmaceutical interventions in reducing premature morbidity and mortality.2 Research also reveals that brief advice on the benefits of PA by healthcare professionals can have sustainable and clinically beneficial effects on the symptoms

Zambia is in sub-Saharan Africa, where less than 1% of global biomedical publications emanate,1 despite the fact that sub-Saharan African countries record the highest burden of diseases globally.2 Scientists in low-income and middle-income countries lack the support needed to make significant contributions to their fields of research and advance equity and inclusion.3 Researchers have emphasised that

Practising appropriate evidence-based medicine requires a continuous flow of high-quality, peer-reviewed research. The emergence of new research has increased exponentially in some fields of sport and exercise medicine. As an example, between 2008 and 2018, the number of yearly publications related to the anterior cruciate ligament has more than doubled (from 650 to 1380 per year!), showcasing the

In the current COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine administration has been one of the key public health messages advocated for protecting people.1 Although the majority of athletes and the general population have opted/consented (figure 1) to receive their COVID-19 vaccines, there is a significant minority with vaccine hesitancy.2 For the athletic population, a key concern is the effect of the vaccine on athletic

As the world of elite-level sports continues to evolve in parallel with the evolution of medicine, new and sometimes unexpected challenges keep arising. The duration of sports careers has increased along with life expectancy, as well as with sport training and competition loads. Sports activities may lead to a higher risk of severe osteoarthritis (OA) in young patients due to discipline-specific factors

Objectives Balance quickly diminishes after the mid-50s increasing the risk for falls and other adverse health outcomes. Our aim was to assess whether the ability to complete a 10- s one-legged stance (10-second OLS) is associated with all-cause mortality and whether it adds relevant prognostic information beyond ordinary demographic, anthropometric and clinical data. Methods Anthropometric, clinical

Objectives To evaluate the difference between female and male sports medicine physicians regarding disrespectful attitudes and sexual harassment perceived from athletes, coaches, physicians, athletic trainers (ATs) and organisations/administrations. Methods and study design anonymous survey was distributed to sports medicine physicians practicing in 51 countries. χ2 analysis was used to detect differences

The Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS) was released in version 13 as an upgrade to the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System in early 2020,1 after being conceived at an IOC consensus meeting in Lausanne in October 2019,2 alongside a new version of the Sport Medicine Diagnostic Coding System (SMDCS). This was less than 3 years ago (a short time) but seemingly eons

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of videoconferencing exercise interventions for people with chronic diseases. Design Systematic review incorporating meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed, Cinahl, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus. Eligibility criteria The current literature was searched following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Trials

Hybrid work, typically considered to combine work from the traditional office and at home, is not a new phenomenon. In the decade before COVID-19 use of this work model was relatively rare—around 15% of workers in the USA—despite the technology being available to enable remote work.1 However, the pandemic instigated changes whereby hybrid work is now modus operandi for many. In Australia, there was

The negative repercussions of COVID-19 on global health and the economy have added to the considerable challenges we already faced as an international health and care community. Although widespread, these challenges are being felt most keenly by groups affected by health disparities. When the WHO released the Global Action Plan for Physical Activity1 in 2018, it was a public health call to action and

‘Does your colleague know what to do on the pitch in case of a medical emergency? Do you?’ When traumatic and non-traumatic emergencies in football (soccer) occur, it is imperative that the healthcare professionals responsible for players are trained and equipped to recognise and provide appropriate care.1 To support and promote a consistent level of emergency medical care on the football field, reduce