Objective To determine the prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal injury in amateur and professional golfers, and to identify common injury sites and factors associated with increased injury frequency. Design Systematic epidemiological review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed (Medline), Embase, the Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus were searched in September 2023. Eligibility criteria Studies published in the English language reporting the incidence or prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in golfers at all anatomical sites. Results 20 studies (9221 golfers, 71.9% male, 28.1% female) were included, with mean age 46.8 years. Lifetime injury prevalence was significantly greater in professional golfers (73.5% (95% CI: 47.3% to 93.0%)) than amateur golfers (56.6% (95% CI: 47.4% to 65.5%); relative risk (RR)=1.50, p<0.001). Professional golfers had a significantly greater lifetime prevalence of hand and wrist (RR=3.33, p<0.001) and lower back injury (RR=3.05, p<0.001). Soft tissue injuries were most common, and diagnoses were typically non-specific. Injury frequency was not associated with age or sex. Two studies reported a greater injury risk in amateur golfers playing more than three and four rounds per week. Conclusion Over half of golfers are at risk of sustaining a musculoskeletal injury during their lifetime. Risks and patterns of injury differ between professional and amateur golfers, with professionals significantly more likely to develop lower back, and hand and wrist injuries. A recent international consensus statement on the reporting of injury and illness in golf should aid consistency in future research assessing the epidemiology of specific diagnoses, informing golf injury prevention and management strategies. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023408738. Data are available upon reasonable request.

中文翻译：

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职业和业余高尔夫球手肌肉骨骼损伤的流行病学：系统评价和荟萃分析

目的 确定业余和职业高尔夫球手肌肉骨骼损伤的患病率和发生率，并确定常见损伤部位和与损伤频率增加相关的因素。设计系统的流行病学回顾和荟萃分析。数据来源 PubMed (Medline)、Embase、Cochrane Library 和 SPORTDiscus 于 2023 年 9 月进行检索。 资格标准 以英语发表的研究报告了高尔夫球手在所有解剖部位的肌肉骨骼损伤的发生率或患病率。结果 纳入 20 项研究（9221 名高尔夫球手，71.9% 男性，28.1% 女性），平均年龄 46.8 岁。职业高尔夫球手的终生损伤发生率（73.5%（95% CI：47.3% 至 93.0%））显着高于业余高尔夫球手（56.6%（95% CI：47.4% 至 65.5%）；相对风险 (RR)=1.50， p<0.001）。职业高尔夫球手一生中手部和腕部损伤（RR=3.33，p<0.001）和腰部损伤（RR=3.05，p<0.001）的患病率显着更高。软组织损伤是最常见的，诊断通常是非特异性的。受伤频率与年龄或性别无关。两项研究报告称，每周打球超过三轮和四轮的业余高尔夫球手受伤风险更大。结论 超过一半的高尔夫球手一生中面临肌肉骨骼损伤的风险。职业高尔夫球手和业余高尔夫球手之间的受伤风险和模式有所不同，专业高尔夫球手更容易遭受下背部、手部和手腕受伤。最近关于高尔夫伤害和疾病报告的国际共识声明应有助于未来研究的一致性，评估特定诊断的流行病学，为高尔夫伤害预防和管理策略提供信息。 PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42023408738。数据可根据合理要求提供。