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Pre- and post-lung transplant considerations for patients with ultra-short telomere length. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Pali D Shah,Mary Armanios
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129Xenon MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Detects Response to Therapy in Pulmonary Hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Fawaz Alenezi,Anna Costelle,Prerna Sharma,Megan Barrett,Elianna A Bier,Bastiaan Driehuys,Sudarshan Rajagopal
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Protein biomarkers of interstitial lung abnormalities in relatives of patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Jonathan A Rose,Mark P Steele,Esteban J Kosak Lopez,Gisli Thor Axelsson,Andrea G Galecio Chao,Alan Waich,Katie Regan,Swati Gulati,Anthony H Maeda,Sharmin Sultana,Claire Cutting,Ann-Marcia C Tukpah,Andrew J Synn,Mary B Rice,Hilary J Goldberg,Joyce S Lee,David A Lynch,Rachel K Putman,Hiroto Hatabu,Benjamin A Raby,David A Schwartz,Ivan O Rosas,Gary M Hunninghake
RATIONALE First-degree relatives of patients with pulmonary fibrosis (relatives) are at high risk for interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA), highlighting the need for biomarkers for risk prediction. We aimed to identify blood proteins associated with and predictive of ILA among relatives of patients with pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Relatives enrolled in two independent cohorts had protein levels measured
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Effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib versus calcineurin inhibitor in interstitial lung disease secondary to anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis: a multi-centre cohort study. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Wanlong Wu,Bingpeng Guo,Wenjia Sun,Dan Chen,Wenwen Xu,Zhiwei Chen,Yakai Fu,Yan Ye,Xia Lyu,Zhixin Xue,Kaiwen Wang,Jiangfeng Zhao,Cuiying Xie,Yi Chen,Chunhua Ye,Min Dai,Wei Fan,Jia Li,Xiaodong Wang,Yu Xue,Weiguo Wan,Li Sun,Huaxiang Wu,Qun Luo,Qian Han,Qiong Fu,Shuang Ye
OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib (TOF) versus calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) as initial immunosuppressive regimen for anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease (MDA5+DM-ILD). METHODS Adult Chinese patients with newly-diagnosed MDA5+DM-ILD (ILD course<3 months) from five tertiary referral centres between April
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Initial therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and cardiovascular comorbidities. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Athénaïs Boucly,David Montani,Fabrice Bauer,Elise Artaud-Macari,Emmanuel Bergot,Clément Boissin,Ari Chaouat,Vincent Cottin,Claire Dauphin,Bruno Degano,Pascal De Groote,Camille du Roure,Nicolas Favrolt,Delphine Horeau-Langlard,Xavier Jaïs,Mitja Jevnikar,Thomas Lacoste-Palasset,François Picard,Grégoire Prévôt,Martine Reynaud-Gaubert,Anne Roche,Ségolène Turquier,Marc Humbert,Olivier Sitbon,Laurent Savale
BACKGROUND European guidelines recommend initial monotherapy in PAH patients with cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities based on the limited of evidence for combination therapy in this growing population. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on incident PAH patients enrolled in the French Pulmonary Hypertension Registry between 2009 and 2020. Propensity score matching was used to investigate
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A proof-of-mechanism trial in asthma with lunsekimig, a bispecific nanobody® molecule. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Annemie Deiteren,Emmanuel Krupka,Lieselot Bontinck,Karine Imberdis,Griet Conickx,Selcuk Bas,Naimish Patel,Heribert W Staudinger,Benjamin T Suratt
BACKGROUND Monovalent biologics blocking thymic stromal lymphopoietin or interleukin-13 have been shown to elicit pharmacodynamic responses in asthma following a single dose. Therefore, dual blockade of these cytokines may result in an enhanced response compared to single targeting and has the potential to break efficacy ceilings in asthma. This study assessed the safety and tolerability of lunsekimig
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Accelerated epigenetic aging worsens survival and mediates environmental stressors in fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Gillian C Goobie,Daniel-Costin Marinescu,Ayodeji Adegunsoye,Jean Bourbeau,Christopher Carlsten,Rachel L Clifford,Dany Doiron,Qingling Duan,Kevin F Gibson,Amanda Grant-Orser,Ana I Hernandez Cordero,Kerri A Johannson,Daniel J Kass,Sharon E Kim,Janice M Leung,Xiaoyun Li,Wan Tan,Chen Xi Yang,S Mehdi Nouraie,Christopher J Ryerson,Tillie L Hackett,Yingze Zhang
BACKGROUND The role of epigenetic aging in the environmental pathogenesis and prognosis of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD) is unclear. We evaluated whether ambient particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and neighbourhood disadvantage exposures are associated with accelerated epigenetic aging, and whether epigenetic age is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with fILD. METHODS
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ERJ Podcast January 2025: Treatment response to mepolizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30
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The European Respiratory Journal: our drive to thrive in '25! Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 James D Chalmers,Neil J Bullen,Don D Sin
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Efficacy and safety of the activin signalling inhibitor, sotatercept, in a pooled analysis of PULSAR and STELLAR studies. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Marius M Hoeper,Mardi Gomberg-Maitland,David B Badesch,J Simon R Gibbs,Ekkehard Grünig,Grzegorz Kopeć,Vallerie V McLaughlin,Gisela Meyer,Karen M Olsson,Ioana R Preston,Stephan Rosenkranz,Rogerio Souza,Aaron B Waxman,Loïc Perchenet,James Strait,Aiwen Xing,Solaiappan Manimaran,Xuelong Wang,Barry Miller,Alexandra G Cornell,Janethe de Oliveira Pena,H Ardeschir Ghofrani,Marc Humbert
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Sotatercept is a first-in-class activin signalling inhibitor that acts to restore the balance between the growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting signalling pathways. METHODS This post-hoc, exploratory, pooled analysis combines data from the double-blind placebo periods of
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Contemporary pulmonary hypertension hemodynamic definitions stratify mortality risk in candidates for advanced heart failure therapies. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Stephen P Wright,Elizabeth Karvasarki,Tayler A Buchan,Vikram Gurtu,Michael Zarathus-Cook,Michael McDonald,Ana C Alba,Susanna Mak
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Trajectories of responses to mepolizumab in severe asthma. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Santi Nolasco,Manali Mukherjee,Parameswaran Nair
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Real-world health data potential for economic insights in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Pierrick Bedouch,Sébastien Chanoine
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Up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase activity in soil-transmitted helminth-tuberculosis co-infection is associated with increased lung pathology. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Maria-Cristina I Loader,Sory Vasquez Alves,Robert H Gilman,Jorge Coronel,Carmen Taquiri,Neusa Vasquez Alves,Fabiola Díaz-Soria,Salomón Durand,Sean T Kelleher,Teresa Jacob,William H Elson,Daniela E Kirwan,Jon S Friedland
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The blood transcriptional response in patients developing intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-23 Justin de Brabander,Erik H A Michels,Joe M Butler,Tom D Y Reijnders,Tjitske S R van Engelen,Giuseppe G F Leite,Fleur P Paling,Augustijn M Klarenbeek,Daoud L S Sie,Roxane E Boyer,Timothy E Sweeney,Marc J M Bonten,Leen Timbermont,Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar,Jan A J W Kluytmans,Hessel Peters-Sengers,Tom van der Poll,
INTRODUCTION Immune response dysregulation has been implicated in the development of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia. We aimed to determine differences in the longitudinal blood transcriptional response between patients who develop ICU-acquired pneumonia (cases) and those who do not (controls). METHODS We performed a case-cohort study in mechanically ventilated trauma and surgery patients
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The future of the European Respiratory Society: strategy update 2025 Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-16 Gappa, M., Ryan, S., Garcia-Aymerich, J., Wijkstra, P., Roche, N., Pinnock, H., Hoffmann, B., Robalo Cordeiro, C., Kontopidis, D., Dupasquier, S., Harabosky, A., Powell, P., Sealy, S., Zecca, V., Bill, W.
Extract The European Respiratory Society (ERS) is a leading medical organisation in the respiratory field, with a growing membership of over 35 000 professionals representing more than 160 countries. Focusing on its mission to promote respiratory health and alleviate suffering from respiratory disease, the ERS communicates and supports cutting-edge research and science, provides state-of-the-art education
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The 10-year temporal evolution of respiratory support and associated outcomes in extremely premature infants: betting on a favourable forecast for the next decade Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-16 Werthammer, J. W., Gozal, D.
Extract The remarkable progress that has occurred in the survival of extremely preterm infants over the past several decades is nothing but impressive. Indeed, we have witnessed improved survival as attested by statistics gathered in the USA between 2013 and 2018 through a large collaborative network of neonatal centres that reported survival rates of 78.3% for extremely preterm infants (i.e. those
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On the role of ansa cervicalis stimulation in the era of personalised medicine Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-16 Kairaitis, K., Heiser, C., Vanderveken, O. M.
Extract Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common chronic, non-communicable disease affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide [1]. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is regarded as standard therapy, but its real-world effectiveness is limited, with an estimated CPAP compliance in the first 3 months of around 75%, and CPAP termination rates as high as 50% over the first 3 years of treatment
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Viewpoint: defining adherence phenotype and endotypes to personalise asthma management Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-16 Chan, A. H. Y., De Keyser, H. H., Horne, R., Szefler, S. J.
Extract The Lancet Commission "After asthma: redefining airways diseases" called for greater emphasis on treatable traits that are quantifiable and modifiable, advocating for a precision medicine approach [1]. Currently, precision medicine focuses on biological and physiological markers. These markers give information on the "what" (e.g. disease control), but do not give insights into the "why" (e
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Respiratory support and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infants born at 22-26 weeks gestation in Sweden, 2004-2007 and 2014-2016 Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-16 Löfberg, L., Abrahamsson, T., Björklund, L. J., Hellström Westas, L., Farooqi, A., Domellöf, M., Aden, U., Gadsboll, C., Källen, K., Ley, D., Normann, E., Sävman, K., Elfvin, A., Hakansson, S., Norman, M., Sindelar, R., Serenius, F., Um-Bergström, P.
Background Our aim was to evaluate if increased survival and new ventilation strategies were accompanied by a changed incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in Sweden over a decade. Methods Data from two Swedish population-based studies of live-born infants with gestational age (GA) 22–26 weeks, born during 2004–2007 (n=702) and 2014–2016 (n=885), were compared for survival, any BPD, moderate
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Ansa cervicalis stimulation effects on upper airway patency: a structure-based analysis Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-16 Li, Y., Schwartz, A. R., Zealear, D., Shotwell, M. S., Hall, M. E., Lindsell, C. J., Budnick, H. A., Bellotto, S., Kent, D. T.
Rationale Ansa cervicalis stimulation (ACS) of the infrahyoid muscles has been proposed as a neurostimulation therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). ACS stabilises the pharynx by pulling it caudally, but its specific effects on flow limitation caused by palatal, oropharyngeal lateral wall, tongue base, or epiglottis collapse remains unclear. Objectives To quantify the effect of ACS on collapsibility
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Widening the selection criteria for lung volume reduction surgery Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-16 Vandervelde, C. M., Everaerts, S., Weder, W., Dooms, C., Slebos, D.-J., Janssens, W., Ceulemans, L. J.
Extract Lung emphysema is a chronic disease that strongly impairs the patient's quality of life and survival. In well-selected patients with severe emphysema, who are breathless despite maximal medical care, lung volume reduction (LVR) can improve lung function and exercise capacity to alleviate symptoms and potentially delay or prevent lung transplantation [1, 2]. The main goal of LVR is to reduce
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Development and Validation of a Clinical, CT, Genomic Classifier and BAL Scoring System for Diagnosing IPF. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Michelle Li Wei Kam,Elysia Lh Tjong,Sachin Chaudhary,Tilman L Koelsch,Joseph B Pryor,Matthew Koslow,Michael P Mohning,Joshua J Solomon,Tristan J Huie,Jeffrey J Swigris,Evans R Fernández Pérez
The utility of incorporating a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) genomic classifier (GC) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell count analysis alongside traditional clinical-imaging assessment in aiding in the multidisciplinary diagnosis of IPF in patients with a non-definite HRCT UIP pattern is uncertain.We reviewed consecutive adult patients presenting with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD)
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Nasal CPAP increases alveolar number in a rhesus monkey model of moderate prematurity. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-16 Cindy T McEvoy,Kelvin D MacDonald,Lyndsey E Shorey-Kendrick,Michael H Davies,Kelli C Lund,Ryan Lam,Brandy L Dozier,Lauren Drew Martin,Fiona Corcoran,Robert L Schelonka,Robert S Tepper,Eliot R Spindel
RATIONALE Most premature human infants are born in the moderate to late preterm (MLP) range, ≥30 to <37 weeks gestation and demonstrate increased incidence of wheeze and respiratory illness as they age. Animal models suggest that mechanical lung distention stimulates lung growth and alveolar development. To determine if nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) influences MLP infant lung development
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Pre-biologic disease trajectories are associated with morbidity burden and biologic treatment response in severe asthma. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Marianne Baastrup Soendergaard,Frederikke Hjortdahl,Susanne Hansen,Anne-Sofie Bjerrum,Anna von Bülow,Ole Hilberg,Barbara Bonnesen Bertelsen,Claus Rikard Johnsen,Sofie Lock-Johansson,Roxana Vijdea,Linda Makowska Rasmussen,Johannes Martin Schmid,Charlotte Suppli Ulrik,Celeste Porsbjerg,Kjell Erik Julius Håkansson
BACKGROUND Biologics can induce remission in some patients with severe asthma, however, little is known about pre-biologic disease trajectories and their association with outcomes from biological treatment. We aimed to identify long-term trajectories of disease progression in patients initiating biologics and investigate trajectory associations with disease burden and impact on biologic therapy efficacy
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A comparison of respiratory event-related electroencephalographic activity in obstructive sleep apnea alone versus co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA). Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-09 Ali Abdulghafoor,Joshua B Hicks,A J Hirsch Allen,Andrew E Beaudin,Fredric Series,Amrit Singh,Patrick J Hanly,Ali Azarbarzin,Najib T Ayas,Mohammadreza Hajipour
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Inhibition of AXL ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis via attenuation of M2 macrophage polarization. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-09 Dong Ha Kim,Kyungtaek Im,In-Jeoung Baek,Yun Jung Choi,Hyeonjeong Lee,Da-Som Kim,Chae Won Lee,JaeYi Jeong,Kyosun Ban,Sang-Yeob Kim,Wonjun Ji,Jae Cheol Lee,Hyun-Yi Kim,Yoonji Lee,Yeongin Yang,Miyong Yun,Ho Cheol Kim,Chang Min Choi,Jin Kyung Rho
RATIONALE Although a relationship between the Gas6/AXL pathway and pulmonary fibrosis (PF) has been suggested, the precise mechanisms and clinical implications of the AXL pathway in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are still unclear. METHODS Constitutive and conditional AXL-knockout mice were generated and injected with bleomycin (BLM) to induce pulmonary fibrosis. The expression of AXL and macrophage
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Casting a wider net for tuberculosis cases Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Cangelosi, G. A., Salfinger, M.
Extract In 1882, Robert Koch was the first to stain tubercle bacilli, the causative micro-organisms for tuberculosis (TB). His culture method using inspissated blood-serum was later improved by Loewenstein and Jensen using eggs to enrich the culture medium, followed by Middlebrook introducing a medium containing agar. It took several weeks, and sometimes months, to yield a positive TB result. To hasten
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Respiratory oscillometry in neonates and small infants: has the time come? Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Fouzas, S., Dimitriou, G.
Extract Pulmonary function testing in early life offers objective evidence of lung disease, supports clinical decision-making, and provides insights into lung growth and development [1]. However, lung function testing in newborns and small infants presents distinct technical and methodological challenges, which have hindered the development of a gold standard method suitable for routine use in the
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Buddy, bystander or betrayer: B cells in lymphoid aggregates in AATD emphysema Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Khedoe, P. P. S. J., van t Wout, E. F. A.
Extract Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a major serine protease inhibitor, protecting lung tissue against the destructive effects of (chronic) release of neutrophil elastase by degranulating neutrophils during inflammation. Over the past decade, other anti-inflammatory properties of AAT have become more apparent, including regulation of human neutrophil chemotaxis [1], suppression of interferon--induced
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Lowering blood pressure with continuous positive airway pressure: a work in progress Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Covassin, N.
Extract Abundant evidence supports a role of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension [1]. During sleep, patients with OSA experience repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction, which are associated with hypoxaemia, ventilatory changes and arousal that precipitate haemodynamic and autonomic responses leading to acute blood pressure
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Reply to: Treat-and-repair: a simple but powerful term for a complex multimodal approach in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Ivy, D., Rosenzweig, E. B., Abman, S. H., Beghetti, M., Bonnet, D., Douwes, J. M., Manes, A., Berger, R. M. F.
Extract We want to thank K. Dimopoulos and A. Constantine for their remarks. We agree with the authors that pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) is valuable in classifying PH in the 7th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) proceedings. The members of the paediatric task force and the classification task force have extensive experience of CHD
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Body mass index trajectories may represent modifiable targets in the promotion of respiratory health Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Prince, N., Kelly, R. S.
Extract Lung function and development are critical to long-term respiratory health [1, 2]. Identifying modifiable factors, particularly within the early life period, that can be targeted to optimise lung function is therefore a critical priority. Body mass index (BMI) is a well-established risk factor for poor lung function [3], and given the inherently variable nature of BMI, could offer such a target
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Comment on: Inflammatory plasma protein levels are elevated years before sarcoidosis diagnosis: a nested case-control study in Sweden Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Robert, M., Villain, E., Yatim, N., Mageau, A., Charles, N., Culina, S., Peiffer-Smadja, N., Borie, R., Duffy, D., Sacre, K.
Extract We read with great interest the paper by Arkema et al. [1] that was recently published in the European Respiratory Journal. Through a large nested case–control study in Sweden, the authors demonstrated that several inflammatory plasma proteins were significantly elevated in patients with sarcoidosis at least 2 years prior to diagnosis.
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Treat-and-repair: a simple but powerful term for a complex multimodal approach in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Dimopoulos, K., Constantine, A.
Extract We would like to extend our congratulations to the paediatric task force members of the 7th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension for their insightful report and recommendations in this area of critical importance [1]. We are particularly relieved to see the reintroduction of complex congenital heart disease (CHD), including segmental pulmonary hypertension (PH) [2], in the proposed PH
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The interface in home non-invasive ventilation: is the nasal mask better? Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Amata, M., Arcoleo, G., Bonsignore, M. R.
Extract The choice of mask is a very important step in the management of sleep disordered breathing, in which most research is concerning patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Compared to the very heavy, custom-made masks used in the early days of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for OSA [1], the technology regarding design and lightness of these masks has improved considerably
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Disarming the cavalry: targeting neutrophils to limit collateral damage in non-CF bronchiectasis Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Arbiv, O. A., Quon, B. S.
Extract Bronchiectasis is a heterogeneous disease characterised by mucous stasis, chronic bacterial infection and neutrophilic inflammation, resulting in airway destruction and irreversible bronchial dilatation [1]. Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is recognised as a growing source of morbidity but with a paucity of innovative treatment options [2, 3]. Treatments to date have largely focused
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Cathepsin C (dipeptidyl peptidase 1) inhibition in adults with bronchiectasis: AIRLEAF, a phase II randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Chalmers, J. D., Shteinberg, M., Mall, M. A., O'Donnell, A. E., Watz, H., Gupta, A., Frahm, E., Eleftheraki, A., Rauch, J., Chotirmall, S. H., Armstrong, A. W., Eickholz, P., Hasegawa, N., Sauter, W., McShane, P. J.
Background Bronchiectasis is characterised by uncontrolled neutrophil serine protease (NSP) activity. Cathepsin C (CatC; dipeptidyl peptidase 1) activates NSPs during neutrophil maturation. CatC inhibitors can potentially reduce neutrophil-mediated lung damage. This phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (AIRLEAF®; clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT05238675) evaluated efficacy
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Rapid quantitative PCR on tongue swabs for pulmonary tuberculosis in adults: a prospective multicentre study Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Wang, Y., Cui, J., Li, Y., Wang, M., Han, W., Liu, A., Wang, F., Liu, R., Kang, S., Zhang, J., Zhu, S., Lai, Z., Guan, W., Zou, S., Yin, X., Qing, J., Mu, G., Guan, L., Li, L., Pang, Y.
Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of infectious disease mortality globally, with significant underdiagnosis perpetuating transmission. Tongue swab analysis has emerged as a promising non-invasive method for pulmonary TB diagnosis. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of the TB-EASY quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay using tongue swab specimens. Methods In this prospective multicentre
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Targeting neutrophil serine proteases in bronchiectasis Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Chalmers, J. D., Mall, M. A., Chotirmall, S. H., O'Donnell, A. E., Flume, P. A., Hasegawa, N., Ringshausen, F. C., Watz, H., Xu, J.-F., Shteinberg, M., McShane, P. J.
Persistent neutrophilic inflammation is a central feature in both the pathogenesis and progression of bronchiectasis. Neutrophils release neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs), such as neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G and proteinase 3. When chronically high levels of free NSP activity exceed those of protective antiproteases, structural lung destruction, mucosal-related defects, further susceptibility
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Skewed adaptive immune responses are involved in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency emphysema Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Rojas-Quintero, J., Ochsner, S. A., Lee, H.-S., Cong, C., Waich Cohen, A., Colborg, A. S., Tsoyi, K., Basil, M. C., Cantu, E., Rosas, I. O., McKenna, N. J., San-Jose Estepar, R., Barjaktarevic, I., Wilson, A. A., Polverino, F.
Extract Although emphysema pathogenesis involves a complex network of gene–environment interactions [1], the monogenic disease alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is associated with emphysema. Severe AATD is characterised by "Z" allele homozygosity in the SERPINA1 gene, resulting in <20% normal concentrations of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein. This deficiency increases the risk of developing liver
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Effect of CPAP therapy on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a worldwide individual patient data meta-analysis Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Pengo, M. F., Schwarz, E. I., Barbe, F., Cistulli, P. A., Drager, L. F., Fava, C., Fuchs, F. D., Ip, M. S. M., Loffler, K. A., Lui, M. M. S., Martinez-Garcia, M. A., McEvoy, D., Peker, Y., Phillips, C. L., Quinnell, T., Soranna, D., Steier, J., Stradling, J. R., Zambon, A., Parati, G., on behalf of the ANDANTE collaborators
Background Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with hypertension, and OSA treatment can reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), but with a modest mean effect size and vast heterogeneity among studies. The aim of this individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was to understand which OSA phenotypes could benefit the most in terms of BP reduction. Methods A
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Body mass index trajectories from birth to early adulthood and lung function development Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Wang, G., Hallberg, J., Merid, S. K., Kumar, A., Klevebro, S., Habchi, B., Chaleckis, R., Wheelock, C. E., Hernandez-Pacheco, N., Ekström, S., Janson, C., Kull, I., Bergström, A., Melen, E.
Background Few studies have investigated the influence of body mass index (BMI) trajectories on lung function covering the entire growth period. Methods We conducted a prospective study using data from the Swedish BAMSE birth cohort. Latent class mixture modelling was employed to examine the diversity in BMI z-scores from birth to 24 years of age. Participants with four or more BMI z-scores were included
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Early respiratory system reactance predicts respiratory outcomes in preterm infants: a retrospective, multicentre study Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Zannin, E., Rigotti, C., Schulzke, S. M., Sindelar, R., Werther, T., Lavizzari, A., Neumann, R. P., Wallström, L., Mosca, F., Ventura, M. L., Dellaca, R. L., Veneroni, C.
Background This multicentre, international, retrospective study aimed to investigate whether respiratory system reactance (Xrs) assessed by respiratory oscillometry on day 7 of life is associated with respiratory outcomes in preterm infants below 32 weeks gestational age (GA). Methods Sinusoidal pressure oscillations (2–5 cmH2O peak-to-peak, 10 Hz) were superimposed on the positive end-expiratory pressure
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Comparison of oronasal and nasal masks in home mechanical ventilation: an observational cohort and bench study Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Fresnel, E., Caillard, C., Lebret, M., Razakamanantsoa, L., Kerfourn, A., Dupuis, J., Muir, J.-F., Lhuillier, E., El Husseini, K., Similowski, T., Cuvelier, A., Patout, M.
Background In patients with chronic respiratory failure, home non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is delivered through oronasal or nasal masks. Masks are a cornerstone for NIV success but can be associated with side-effects. However, the type, frequency and consequences of these side-effects are unknown. Here, we aimed to study the prevalence, nature and impact of mask-related adverse events in a cohort
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More evidence that sarcoidosis is a host disease, and the identity of the aetiological triggers is irrelevant Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2024-12-19 Spagnolo, P., Culver, D. A.
Extract Conventionally, sarcoidosis has been understood to be a dysfunctional immune response to an inciting antigen(s) in a previously "normal" individual. There are clearly pre-existing genetic, epigenetic and exposure factors that modify the chance of manifesting sarcoidosis, but epidemiological data that suggest transmissibility have reinforced the notion that a mysterious agent must be foisting
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Untangling the heterogeneity of bronchiolitis: a complex interaction between genes and the environment (and microbes) Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2024-12-19 Prout, A. J., Dickson, R. P.
Extract An early goal of the Human Genome Project was the discovery of a single or a few deterministic genetic causes of common diseases, similar to known monogenic disorders such as sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis or Huntington's Disease [1]. It was hoped that rapid and widely available genetic sequencing would allow for the development of targeted precision treatments for cancer, diabetes, and
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"To exercise or not to exercise," that is the question! Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2024-12-19 Saggar, R., Brownstein, A. J., Channick, R.
Extract A presenting symptom common to many cardiopulmonary conditions, including pulmonary hypertension (PH), is exertional dyspnoea. It stands to reason, therefore, that assessing the haemodynamic response to exercise may enhance diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches, perhaps complementary to standard testing thresholds at rest.
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Integrated nasopharyngeal airway metagenome and asthma genetic risk endotyping of severe bronchiolitis in infancy and risk of childhood asthma Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2024-12-19 Zhu, Z., Shibata, R., Hoffman, K. L., Cormier, J., Mansbach, J. M., Liang, L., Camargo, C. A., Hasegawa, K.
Background Infants with bronchiolitis are at increased risk of developing asthma. Growing evidence suggests bronchiolitis is a heterogeneous condition. However, little is known about its biologically distinct subgroups based on the integrated metagenome and asthma genetic risk signature and their longitudinal relationships with asthma development. Methods In a multicentre prospective cohort study of
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Mosaic loss of chromosome Y, tobacco smoking and risk of age-related lung diseases: insights from two prospective cohorts Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2024-12-19 Weng, C., Zhao, Y., Song, M., Shao, Z., Pang, Y., Yu, C., Pei, P., Yang, L., Millwood, I. Y., Walters, R. G., Chen, Y., Du, H., Chen, J., Chen, Z., Genovese, G., Terao, C., Lv, J., Li, L., Sun, D., on behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Background Little is known about the underlying relationship between mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY), the most common chromosomal alterations in older men, and the risk of age-related lung diseases. Methods We included 217 780 participants from the UK Biobank (UKB) and 42 859 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank. The mLOY events were detected using the Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations (MoChA)
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Prognostic relevance of exercise pulmonary hypertension: results of the multicentre PEX-NET Clinical Research Collaboration Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2024-12-19 Kovacs, G., Humbert, M., Avian, A., Lewis, G. D., Ulrich, S., Vonk Noordegraaf, A., Souza, R., Galie, N., Malhotra, R., Saxer, S., Grünig, E., Egenlauf, B., Ewert, R., Heine, A., Tedford, R. J., Houston, B. A., Kasperowicz, K., Kurzyna, M., Rosenkranz, S., Herkenrath, S., Barbera, J. A., Blanco, I., Oliveira, R. K. F., Andersen, M., Savale, L., Systrom, D., Maron, B. A., Tello, K., Condliffe, R.,
Background Exercise pulmonary hypertension (PH) was defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP)/cardiac output (CO) slope >3 mmHg·min·L–1 between rest and exercise in the 2022 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society PH guidelines. However, large, multicentre studies on the prognostic relevance of exercise haemodynamics and its added value to resting haemodynamics are missing
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Inflammatory plasma protein levels are elevated years before sarcoidosis diagnosis: a nested case-control study in Sweden Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2024-12-19 Arkema, E. V., Sachs, M. C., Dominicus, A., Eklund, A., Smed-Sörensen, A., Grunewald, J., Blomberg, A.
Background Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease whose natural development is not well understood. We aimed to determine if inflammatory plasma protein levels are elevated before sarcoidosis diagnosis compared to controls. Furthermore, we investigated which proteins are increased and how long before diagnosis they are increased. Methods Cases with sarcoidosis and controls matched 2:1
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ERS statement on benign pleural effusions in adults Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2024-12-19 Sundaralingam, A., Grabczak, E. M., Burra, P., Costa, M. I., George, V., Harriss, E., Jankowska, E. A., Janssen, J. P., Karpathiou, G., Laursen, C. B., Maceviciute, K., Maskell, N., Mei, F., Nagavci, B., Panou, V., Pinelli, V., Porcel, J. M., Ricciardi, S., Shojaee, S., Welch, H., Zanetto, A., Udayaraj, U. P., Cardillo, G., Rahman, N. M.
The incidence of non-malignant pleural effusions far outweighs that of malignant pleural effusions and is estimated to be at least 3-fold higher. These so-called benign effusions do not follow a "benign course" in many cases, with mortality rates matching and sometimes exceeding those of malignant pleural effusions. In addition to the impact on patients, healthcare systems are also significantly affected
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ERJ Podcast December 2025: Year in review Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2024-12-19
As part of the December issue, the European Respiratory Journal presents the latest in its series of podcasts. Chief Editor James Chalmers and Deputy Chief Editor Don Sin for their end-of-year roundup of their highlights from the ERJ in 2024.
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The acute effect of e-cigarette use on pulmonary function: a nonrandomised controlled trial. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Simanta Roy,Sreshtha Chowdhury,Tarana Ferdous,Rime Jebai,Wasim Maziak
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Widening the selection criteria for lung volume reduction surgery. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-16 Christelle M Vandervelde,Stephanie Everaerts,Walter Weder,Christophe Dooms,Dirk-Jan Slebos,Wim Janssens,Laurens J Ceulemans
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Tuberculosis in adult migrants in Europe: a TBnet consensus statement. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Heinke Kunst,Berit Lange,Olga Hovardovska,Annabelle Bockey,Dominik Zenner,Aase B Andersen,Sally Hargreaves,Manish Pareek,Jon S Friedland,Chrsitain Wejse,Graham Bothamley,Lorenzo Guglielmetti,Dima Chesov,Simon Tiberi,Alberto Matteelli,Anna M Mandalakas,Jan Heyckendorf,Johannes Eimer,Akanksha Malhotra,Javier Zamora,Anca Vasiliu,Christoph Lange,
INTRODUCTION Global migration has increased in recent decades due to war, conflict, persecutions, and natural disasters, but also secondary to increased opportunities related to work or study. Migrants' risk of tuberculosis (TB) differs by reasons for migration, socioeconomic status, mode of travel and TB risk in transit, TB incidence and healthcare provision in country of origin. Despite advances
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Reply to: Is there a kindling effect in COPD exacerbations? Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Halpin, D. M. G., Heatley, H., Price, D.
Extract We thank A.I. Papaioannou and K. Bartziokas for their interest in our study of the relationship between exacerbation history and blood eosinophil count prior to a diagnosis of COPD and the risk of subsequent exacerbations [1]. As they point out, it is well known that in patients with an established diagnosis and on maintenance treatment, the prior exacerbation history is the best predictor
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The lung that rules the heart Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Vonk Noordegraaf, A., Bogaard, H. J.
Extract Throughout time, and in many cultures, the heart has been considered the centre of the human body. This core (Coeur!) organ dominates all other parts of the body and rules our emotions; its functioning determines the difference between life and death. Arguably, the lungs are of less importance and deserve less consideration. In reality, the heart and lungs are anatomically and functionally
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Genes take the lead: genetic testing becomes the gold standard for diagnosing primary ciliary dyskinesia Eur. Respir. J. (IF 16.6) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Shapiro, A. J., Thornton, C. S.
Extract Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, inherited disorder characterised by abnormal ciliary structure or function, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance. The condition primarily affects the respiratory system, where dysfunctional cilia fail to effectively move mucus, microorganisms and particles out of the airways, resulting in chronic respiratory infections, bronchiectasis and rhino-sinusitis