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Serum cytokine biosignatures for identification of tuberculosis among HIV-positive inpatients Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Huihua Zhang, LingHua Li, YanXia Liu, Wei Xiao, RuiYao Xu, MengRu Lu, WenBiao Hao, YuChi Gao, Xiaoping Tang, Youchao Dai
Background Serum cytokines correlate with tuberculosis (TB) progression and are predictors of TB recurrence in people living with HIV. We investigated whether serum cytokine biosignatures could diagnose TB among HIV-positive inpatients. Methods We recruited HIV-positive inpatients with symptoms of TB and measured serum levels of inflammation biomarkers including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis
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Role of blood flow restriction strength training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Ioannis Vogiatzis
Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a method partially restricting arterial inflow and fully restricting venous outflow in working musculature during exercise.1 The method uses a pneumatic tourniquet system and involves applying an external pressure, typically using a tourniquet cuff, to the most proximal region of the upper and/or lower limbs. When the cuff is inflated, there is gradual mechanical
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Type-2 inflammation: a key treatable trait associated with lung function decline in chronic airways disease Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Nayia Petousi, Ian D Pavord, Brian Daniel Kent
The chronic airways diseases, asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), are highly prevalent conditions causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both are acknowledged to be heterogeneous with respect to clinical presentation, prognosis and driving mechanisms.1 Type-2 airway inflammation is arguably the most important and treatable underlying mechanism to identify,1 as it
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Decoding pulmonary nodules: can machine learning enhance malignancy risk stratification? Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Colin Jacobs
Randomised controlled trials, with the National Lung Screening Trial and Dutch-Belgian NELSON trial being the two largest, have demonstrated that lung cancer screening of high-risk individuals using low-dose CT reduces lung cancer mortality compared with no screening or screening with chest X-ray. Fuelled by the positive results of these landmark trials, low-dose CT-based lung cancer screening of high-risk
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Use of inhaled treprostinil in patients with interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension: to boldly go where no other pulmonary vasodilator has gone before? Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Lucilla Piccari, Stephen John Wort
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a feared complication in patients with any chronic lung disease,1 but those with lung fibrosis have an especially poor mortality and the morbidity burden is very high.2 3 Up to very recently, there has been an almost nihilistic attitude towards these patients, since the lack of treatment options restricted the indication of a definitive diagnosis through right heart catheterisation
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Blood eosinophils take centre stage in predicting the response to sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT): a familiar twist Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Carlos Andrés Celis-Preciado, Philippe Lachapelle, Simon Couillard
Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) represents a safer, more comfortable and more convenient allergen immunotherapy than its subcutaneous counterpart. There is an increasing body of evidence showing that SLIT for house dust mites (HDM), grass, ragweed and/or tree pollen improves allergic symptoms and asthma control.1 It is unclear whether SLIT consistently reduces the occurrence of asthma attacks.1–3 Published
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Post-pandemic tuberculosis incidence: potential success of active case finding? Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Catherine M Stein
Until 2020, tuberculosis (TB) was annually the number one infectious killer disease globally. When the COVID-19 pandemic started in 2020, TB took the number two seat in this said ranking, but a very close second.1 TB epidemiologists around the world became very concerned about what might happen with global TB burden in the wake of the pandemic, fearing that lockdowns of health systems and stay-at-home
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Survival analysis from the INCREASE study in PH-ILD: evaluating the impact of treatment crossover on overall mortality Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Steven D Nathan, Shilpa Johri, Joanna M Joly, Christopher S King, Amresh Raina, Colleen A McEvoy, Dasom Lee, Eric Shen, Peter Smith, Chunqin Deng, Aaron B Waxman
Objective A post-hoc analysis of the INCREASE trial and its open-label extension (OLE) was performed to evaluate whether inhaled treprostinil has a long-term survival benefit in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD). Methods Two different models of survival were employed; the inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) and the rank-preserving
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Radiomics analysis to predict pulmonary nodule malignancy using machine learning approaches Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Matthew T Warkentin, Hamad Al-Sawaihey, Stephen Lam, Geoffrey Liu, Brenda Diergaarde, Jian-Min Yuan, David O Wilson, Sukhinder Atkar-Khattra, Benjamin Grant, Yonathan Brhane, Elham Khodayari-Moez, Kiera R Murison, Martin C Tammemagi, Kieran R Campbell, Rayjean J Hung
Background Low-dose CT screening can reduce lung cancer-related mortality. However, most screen-detected pulmonary abnormalities do not develop into cancer and it often remains challenging to identify malignant nodules, particularly among indeterminate nodules. We aimed to develop and assess prediction models based on radiological features to discriminate between benign and malignant pulmonary lesions
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Protective effect of height on long-term survival of resectable lung cancer: a new feature of the lung cancer paradox Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Elisa Daffré, Raphaël Porcher, Antonio Iannelli, Mathilde Prieto, Laurent Brouchet, Pierre Emmanuel Falcoz, Françoise Le Pimpec Barthes, Pierre Benoit Pages, Pascal Alexandre Thomas, Marcel Dahan, Marco Alifano
Introduction Unlike most malignancies, higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer and improved prognosis after surgery. However, it remains controversial whether height, one of determinants of BMI, is associated with survival independently of BMI and other confounders. Methods We extracted data on all consecutive patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer
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Decline in prevalence of tuberculosis following an intensive case finding campaign and the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban Ugandan community Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Emily A Kendall, Peter J Kitonsa, Annet Nalutaaya, Katherine O Robsky, Kamoga Caleb Erisa, James Mukiibi, Adithya Cattamanchi, Midori Kato-Maeda, Achilles Katamba, David Dowdy
Background Systematic screening is a potential tool for reducing the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and counteracting COVID-19-related disruptions in care. Repeated community-wide screening can also measure changes in the prevalence of TB over time. Methods We conducted serial, cross-sectional TB case finding campaigns in one community in Kampala, Uganda, in 2019 and 2021. Both campaigns sought sputum
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Genetic and T2 biomarkers linked to the efficacy of HDM sublingual immunotherapy in asthma Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Ilka Hoof, Klaus Bønnelykke, Thomas Stranzl, Stephanie Brand, Xingnan Li, Mohamed H Shamji, Deborah A Meyers, Eric D Bateman, Eugene Bleecker, Peter Sejer Andersen
Background Hypersensitivity to house dust mite (HDM) allergens is a common cause of allergic asthma symptoms and can be effectively treated with allergy immunotherapy (AIT). Objective To investigate whether genetic and type 2 (T2) inflammatory biomarkers correlate with disease severity in subjects with allergic asthma, and whether this can be modified by AIT. Methods MITRA ([NCT01433523][1]) was a
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Low-load blood flow restriction strength training in patients with COPD: a randomised single-blind pilot study Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Dario Kohlbrenner, Manuel Kuhn, Anastasios Manettas, Céline Aregger, Matthias Peterer, Nicola Greco, Noriane A Sievi, Christian Clarenbach
Objective The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of lower limb low-load blood flow restriction training (LL-BFRT) with high-load strength training (HL-ST) as part of an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme on leg strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Participants were randomised to LL-BFRT or HL-ST (24 sessions). LL-BFRT was done
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Type-2 inflammation and lung function decline in chronic airway disease in the general population Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Yunus Çolak, Shoaib Afzal, Jacob Louis Marott, Jørgen Vestbo, Børge Grønne Nordestgaard, Peter Lange
Background It is unclear if type-2 inflammation is associated with accelerated lung function decline in individuals with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We tested the hypothesis that type-2 inflammation indicated by elevated blood eosinophils (BE) and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is associated with accelerated lung function decline in the general population. Methods
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Airway smooth muscle and long-term clinical efficacy following bronchial thermoplasty in severe asthma Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Pieta C Wijsman, Annika W M Goorsenberg, Julia N S d’Hooghe, Nick H T ten Hacken, Joris J T H Roelofs, Thais Mauad, Els J M Weersink, Pallav Shah, Jouke T Annema, Peter I Bonta
The mechanism of action of bronchial thermoplasty (BT) treatment for patients with severe asthma is incompletely understood. This study investigated the 2.5-year impact of BT on airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and clinical parameters by paired data analysis in 22 patients. Our findings demonstrate the persistence of ASM mass reduction of >50% after 2.5 years. Furthermore, sustained improvement in asthma
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Remote vision-based digital patient monitoring of pulse and respiratory rates in acute medical wards Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Adam Lewis, Bindia Venugopal, Varsha Gandhi, Oliver Gibson, Laura Swanton, Malcolm Green, Jordan Bowen, Michael I Polkey
Remote Vision-Based digital Patient Monitoring (VBPM) of pulse (PR) and respiratory rate (RR) was set up in six single rooms in an acute medical and an orthopaedic ward. We compared 102 PR and 154 RR VBPM measurements (from 27 patients) with paired routine nurse measurements. VBPM measurements of RR were validated by reviewing video footage. Nurse measurements of RR were often 16–18 breaths/minute
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Diagnosis of cystic lung diseases: a position statement from the UK Cystic Lung Disease Rare Disease Collaborative Network Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Simon R Johnson, Dominick E Shaw, Michael Avoseh, Irshad Soomro, Kate S Pointon, Maria Kokosi, Andrew G Nicholson, Sujal R Desai, Peter M George
Background Rare cystic lung diseases are increasingly recognised due the wider application of CT scanning making cystic lung disease management a growing part of respiratory care. Cystic lung diseases tend to have extrapulmonary features that can both be diagnostic but also require surveillance and treatment in their own right. As some of these diseases now have specific treatments, making a precise
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Not all wheeze is asthma Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Kher Lik Ng, John Park, Elizabeth Belcher, Alastair J Moore
A 41-year-old man previously diagnosed with asthma presented with an influenza-like illness and breathlessness. He was treated for moderate-to-severe COVID-19 and exacerbation of asthma. CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) revealed asymmetrical peribronchovascular ground-glass infiltrates consistent with COVID-19 and right main bronchial wall thickening with high-density material thought to be consistent
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Well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumour: a rare finding on the pleura Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Lysann Rostock, Olaf Holotiuk, Till Ploenes
A 72-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a history of non-specific intermittent abdominal pain. The patient experienced two episodes of diffuse continuous pain a few hours apart. Pain occurred in all four quadrants, and she felt constriction in the umbilical region. The first episode lasted approximately 2 hours. The second episode lasted more than 6 hours. Thereafter, the patient
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Massive thymoma mimicking a pleural mass Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Stefano Palazzo, Zaid Rahman, Federico Femia, Karen Harrison-Phipps, Thomas Simpson
A 37-year-old man presented with months of weight loss, dysphagia and fatigue. He was an infrequent smoker, had no medical history and did not take regular medications. Endoscopy revealed gastro-oesophageal reflux only. Two months later, he presented with persistent cough and chest-X-ray (figure 1) revealed a large right-sided opacity. Figure 1 Radiological appearances of the massive thymoma, showing
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Twenty-year-old patient with polyarthritis since childhood showing cysts and ground glass attenuation on HRCT Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Marília da Cruz Fagundes, Thais Bianco, Daniella Porfírio Nunes, Tayza Katelline Danilau Ostroski, Guilherme das Posses Bridi, Alexandre Melo Kawassaki, Carmen Silvia Valente Barbas, Leonardo Oliveira Mendonça, Samar Freschi Barros, Jorge Kalil, Anthony K Shum, Dante Luiz Escuissato
We present a case of a 20-year-old woman reporting polyarthritis, muscle weakness, dyspnoea and multiple intensive care unit admissions due to respiratory failure, without haemoptysis, since 4 months of age. The mother had systemic erythematous lupus. On physical examination, digital clubbing and mild desaturation were found. Laboratory tests demonstrated 1:640 nuclear homogeneous pattern antinuclear
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Journal club Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Prasanjanie Jayasinghe
While surgery remains the primary curative-intent treatment for early-stage NSCLC, 30 to 55% of patients have tumour recurrence within 5 years. Neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy offers only 5% improvement in 5 year survival as compared with surgery alone. The AEGEAN trial (N Eng J Med 2023;389(18):1672–1684) was a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trail to investigate durvalumab. Patients
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Systematic pulmonary embolism follow-up: why we should all do it! Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Luke S. Howard, Laura C. Price
Extract For many years now, the pulmonary hypertension community has been trying to narrow down on the true incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following pulmonary embolism. The study by Durrington et al. [1] in this issue of the European Respiratory Journal undoubtedly gets us closer, suggesting a cumulative incidence of 2.1%; however, with 41% of the entire post-pulmonary
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Reply to: Insights on the ERS/ESTS statement on the management of pleural infection in adults Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Eihab O. Bedawi, Najib M. Rahman
Extract We thank Y. Li and co-workers for their interest in the European Respiratory Society/European Society of Thoracic Surgeons statement on the management of pleural infection, recently published in the European Respiratory Journal [1]. Our interpretation of their correspondence is that they have misunderstood "IPC" to denote a standard chest drain or tube used, with a well-established evidence
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Insights on the ERS/ESTS statement on the management of pleural infection in adults Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Yalun Li, Hao Zeng, Panwen Tian, Weimin Li
Extract We read with great interest the article by Bedawi et al. [1], recently published in the prestigious European Respiratory Journal, on the management of pleural infection in adults. We highly commend this work and here we wish to focus on the management of pleural infection with indwelling pleural catheters (IPC). The statement suggested that recurrent or chronic pleural infection created difficult
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Haemodynamic phenotypes of pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease: a moving target Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Christian Gerges, David Montani, Marc Humbert, Irene M. Lang
Shifting haemodynamic definitions impact prevalence of CpcPH in PH associated with left heart disease. Diastolic pressure gradient ≥7 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance >5 WU predict pulmonary vascular disease similarly well.
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Core outcome measurement set for research and clinical practice in post-COVID-19 condition (long COVID) in children and young people: an international Delphi consensus study “PC-COS Children” Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Nina Seylanova, Anastasia Chernyavskaya, Natalia Degtyareva, Aigun Mursalova, Ali Ajam, Lin Xiao, Khazhar Aktulaeva, Philipp Roshchin, Polina Bobkova, Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi, Anbarasu Theodore Anbu, Christian Apfelbacher, Ali Akbar Asadi-Pooya, Liat Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, Caroline Brackel, Danilo Buonsenso, Wouter de Groote, Janet V. Diaz, Daniele Dona, Audrey Dunn Galvin, Jon Genuneit, Helen Goss, Sarah
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic substantially impacted different age groups, with children and young people not exempted. Many have experienced enduring health consequences. Presently, there is no consensus on the health outcomes to assess in children and young people with post-COVID-19 condition. Furthermore, it is unclear which measurement instruments are appropriate for use in research
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Systematic pulmonary embolism follow-up increases diagnostic rates of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and identifies less severe disease: results from the ASPIRE Registry Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Charlotte Durrington, Judith A. Hurdman, Charlie A. Elliot, Rhona Maclean, Joost Van Veen, Giorgia Saccullo, Duneesha De-Foneska, Andrew J. Swift, Rajaram Smitha, Catherine Hill, Steven Thomas, Krit Dwivedi, Samer Alabed, James M. Wild, Athanasios Charalampopoulos, Abdul Hameed, Alexander M.K. Rothman, Lisa Watson, Neil Hamilton, A.A. Roger Thompson, Robin Condliffe, David G. Kiely
Extract Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a condition in which thrombus, usually embolised from the veins of the pelvis or lower limbs, obstructs the pulmonary arterial vascular bed. The incidence of PE is estimated at 60–70 per 100 000 per year [1] with a 1-year mortality of 15% [2, 3]. In survivors, patency of the pulmonary vasculature is restored, in most patients, within the first few months [4]. However
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Patient stratification using plasma cytokines and their regulators in sepsis: relationship to outcomes, treatment effect and leucocyte transcriptomic subphenotypes Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 David Benjamin Antcliffe, Yuxin Mi, Shalini Santhakumaran, Katie L Burnham, A Toby Prevost, Josie K Ward, Timothy J Marshall, Claire Bradley, Farah Al-Beidh, Paula Hutton, Stuart McKechnie, Emma E Davenport, Charles J Hinds, Cecilia M O'Kane, Daniel Francis McAuley, Manu Shankar-Hari, Anthony C Gordon, Julian C Knight
Rationale Heterogeneity of the host response within sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and more widely critical illness, limits discovery and targeting of immunomodulatory therapies. Clustering approaches using clinical and circulating biomarkers have defined hyper-inflammatory and hypo-inflammatory subphenotypes in ARDS associated with differential treatment response. It is unknown
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Impacts of sex and gender on severe asthma Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Kimberley C W Wang, John D Blakey
For decades, the unwritten rule for asthma management was ‘Keep it Simple’, with clinicians largely trying to apply a one-size-fits-all stepwise approach to hundreds of millions of people across the globe. More recently, our broader understanding, increasing array of targeted therapies, and relatively stagnant outcomes have led to a greater acknowledgement of the complexity that needs to be addressed
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Effects of testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin on lung function in males and females: a multivariable Mendelian Randomisation study Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Diana A van der Plaat, Alexandra Lenoir, Shyamali Dharmage, James Potts, Francisco Gómez Real, Seif O Shaheen, Debbie Jarvis, Cosetta Minelli, Bénédicte Leynaert
Background Observational studies suggest that total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) may have beneficial effects on lung function, but these findings might be spurious due to confounding and reverse causation. We addressed these limitations by using multivariable Mendelian randomisation (MVMR) to investigate the independent causal effects of TT and SHBG on lung function. Methods
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Unravelling the obesity–asthma connection in childhood and adolescence: does body shape matter? Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Ann D Morgan
Given the concurrent worldwide epidemics of childhood obesity and asthma, it is perhaps not surprising that the two have been inextricably linked in the minds of many. Indeed, there is good evidence to suggest that adiposity in childhood is associated with an increased risk of developing asthma.1 2 Several longitudinal studies conducted in population-based cohorts have demonstrated that childhood obesity
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Distribution of Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease across Clinical Phenotypes for Sepsis Chest (IF 9.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Luca Molinari MD, Gaspar Del Rio-Pertuz MD, Priyanka Priyanka BAMS MPH, Ali Smith BA, Joseph C. Maggiore BSE, Jason Kennedy MS, Hernando Gomez MD MPH, Christopher W. Seymour MD MSc, John A. Kellum MD, ProCESS and ProGReSS-AKI Investigators
Sepsis is the most common cause of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. Four phenotypes (α, β, γ, δ) for sepsis, which have different outcomes and response to treatment, were described using routine clinical data in the electronic health record. Do the frequencies of AKI, acute kidney disease (AKD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and AKI-on-CKD differ by sepsis phenotype? Secondary
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Socioeconomic disparities in European cystic fibrosis outcomes: time to close the gap Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Edward F. McKone
Extract Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive genetic conditions that causes progressive lung disease and premature death [1]. Median survival worldwide is estimated to be around 50 years, but there is variation between countries [2–4]. Reasons for this variation are complex, and include genetic factors such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)
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Some future directions for genome-wide association studies of preserved ratio impaired spirometry Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Zhou Jin, Guangfa Wang
Extract We read with interest the paper by Higbee et al. [1] that was recently published in the European Respiratory Journal. They discovered 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) through a two-stage sample population, four of which were associated with lung function, highlighting the usefulness of performing genome-wide association study
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Omics-based profiles and biomarkers of respiratory infections: are we there yet? Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Jezreel Pantaleon Garcia, Scott E. Evans
Extract From the influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 to the most recent COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory infections remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide [1, 2]. Concurrently, the development of high-throughput omics technologies has revolutionised research about host responses to known and emerging respiratory pathogens [3], accelerating our understanding of highly prevalent pulmonary diseases [4]
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High altitude travelling with pulmonary arterial hypertension Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Robert Naeije
Extract Altitude exposure is generally considered to be contraindicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), out of concern that (hypobaric) hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) might further increase pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and worsen right heart failure [1]. This notion is mentioned in the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Respiratory Society
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Endotypic traits of supine position and supine-predominant obstructive sleep apnoea in Asian patients Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Cheng, W.-J., Finnsson, E., Agustsson, J. S., Sands, S. A., Hang, L.-W.
Background Over half of all cases of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are classified as supine-related OSA; however, the pathological endotype during supine position is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the endotypic traits of supine-predominant OSA and explore the variations in endotypic traits between the supine and lateral positions. Methods We prospectively recruited 689 adult
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Neutrophil elastase-dependent cleavage of LTA4H alters its aminopeptidase activity in cystic fibrosis Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Xin Xu, Jin-dong Li, Todd J. Green, Landon Wilson, Kristopher Genschmer, Derek Russell, J. Edwin Blalock, Amit Gaggar
Extract The enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is classically known for its epoxide hydrolase activity that converts leukotriene A4 (LTA4) to the neutrophil chemoattractant LTB4 [1]. In 2010, our group published a study in Science that demonstrated that during an influenza model of acute airway inflammation, LTA4H was released from cells to degrade proline-glycine-proline (PGP), a non-canonical
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Cystic fibrosis in Europe: improved lung function and longevity – reasons for cautious optimism, but challenges remain Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Eitan Kerem, Annalisa Orenti, Arianna Adamoli, Elpis Hatziagorou, Lutz Naehrlich, Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
Background Prognosis and disease severity in cystic fibrosis (CF) are linked to declining lung function. To characterise lung function by the number of adults in countries with different levels of Gross National Income (GNI), data from the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry were utilised. Methods Annual data including age, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), anthropometry, genotype
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The effect of high altitude (2500 m) on incremental cycling exercise in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a randomised controlled crossover trial Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Julian Müller, Anna Titz, Simon R. Schneider, Meret Bauer, Laura Mayer, Lea Lüönd, Tanja Ulrich, Michael Furian, Aglaia Forrer, Esther I. Schwarz, Konrad E. Bloch, Mona Lichtblau, Silvia Ulrich
Background Our objective was to investigate the effect of a day-long exposure to high altitude on peak exercise capacity and safety in stable patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods In a randomised controlled crossover trial, stable patients with PAH or distal CTEPH without resting hypoxaemia at low altitude performed two
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Extensive acute and sustained changes to neutrophil proteomes post-SARS-CoV-2 infection Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Merete B. Long, Andrew J.M. Howden, Holly R. Keir, Christina M. Rollings, Yan Hui Giam, Thomas Pembridge, Lilia Delgado, Hani Abo-Leyah, Amy F. Lloyd, Gabriel Sollberger, Rebecca Hull, Amy Gilmour, Chloe Hughes, Benjamin J.M. New, Diane Cassidy, Amelia Shoemark, Hollian Richardson, Angus I. Lamond, Doreen A. Cantrell, James D. Chalmers, Alejandro J. Brenes
Background Neutrophils are important in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the molecular changes contributing to altered neutrophil phenotypes following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are not fully understood. We used quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to explore neutrophil phenotypes immediately following acute SARS-CoV-2
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Adaptive multi-interventional trial platform to improve patient care for fibrotic interstitial lung diseases Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Leticia Kawano-Dourado, Tejaswini Kulkarni, Christopher J Ryerson, Pilar Rivera-Ortega, Bruno Guedes Baldi, Nazia Chaudhuri, Manuela Funke-Chambour, Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold, Kerri A Johannson, Yet Hong Khor, Sydney B Montesi, Lucilla Piccari, Helmut Prosch, María Molina-Molina, Jacobo Sellares Torres, Iazsmin Bauer-Ventura, Sujeet Rajan, Joseph Jacob, Duncan Richards, Lisa G Spencer, Barbara Wendelberger
Background Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (fILDs) are a heterogeneous group of lung diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite a large increase in the number of clinical trials in the last 10 years, current regulatory-approved management approaches are limited to two therapies that prevent the progression of fibrosis. The drug development pipeline is long and there is
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Physical activity and body mass related to catch-up lung function growth in childhood: a population-based accelerated cohort study Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Sarah Koch, Gabriela Prado Peralta, Anne-Elie Carsin, Alicia Abellan, Celine Roda, Maties Torrent, Carmen Iñiguez, Ferran Ballester, Amparo Ferrero, Carlos Zabaleta, Aitana Lertxundi, Mònica Guxens, Martine Vrijheid, Jordi Sunyer, Maribel Casas, Judith Garcia-Aymerich
Objective The existence of catch-up lung function growth and its predictors is uncertain. We aimed to identify lung function trajectories and their predictors in a population-based birth cohort. Methods We applied group-based trajectory modelling to z-scores of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (zFEV1) and z-scores of forced vital capacity (zFVC) from 1151 children assessed at around 4, 7, 9, 10
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Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: Compendium and Review of CHEST Guidelines 2012-2021 Chest (IF 9.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Scott M. Stevens MD, Scott C. Woller MD, Lisa Baumann Kreuziger MD MS, Kevin Doerschug MD, Geert-Jan Geersing MD PhD, Frederikus A. Klok MD PhD, Christopher S. King MD, Susan Murin MD, Janine R.E. Vintch MD, Philip S. Wells MD, Suman Wasan MD, Lisa K. Moores MD
The CHEST Antithrombotic Therapy for Venous Thromboembolism Disease evidencebased guidelines are now updated in a more frequent, focused manner. Guidance statements from the most recent full guideline and two subsequent updates have not been gathered into a single source. METHODS An international panel of experts with experience in prior Antithrombotic Therapy guideline development reviewed the 2012
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Preparing for Fellowship in Internal Medicine, with a Focus on Pulmonary and/or Critical Care Medicine – Major Principles and New Realities Chest (IF 9.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Matthew C. Miles MD MEd FCCP, Peter Lenz MD FCCP, Jennifer McCallister MD FCCP ATSF, Kristin M. Burkart MD MSc FCCP ATSF, Candace Huebert MD FCCP, Jason Moore MD MS FCCM, Laura Hinkle MD ATSF, Briana Short MD, Brent Bagley MD, Gabriel Bosslet MD MA FCCP ATSF
In this manuscript, the authors provide guidance for applicants to any subspecialty in the medical specialties matching program with a particular focus on those seeking a match into a Pulmonary and/or Critical Care Medicine training program. The PAIR-Match steps (preparation, application, interview, ranking, match) are used to discuss available literature that informs this process. Preparing a fellowship
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Atrial Arrhythmias in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension Chest (IF 9.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Kyle O’Meara MD, Gregory Stone MD, Eric Buch MD, Adam Brownstein MD, Rajan Saggar MD, Richard Channick MD, Alexander E. Sherman MD, Aron Bender MD
Atrial arrhythmia (AA) are common in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and contribute to morbidity and mortality. Given the growing PH population, it is important to understand the pathophysiology, clinical impact, and management of AA in PH. AA occurs in PH with a five-year incidence of 10-25%. AA confers a higher morbidity and mortality, and restoration of normal sinus rhythm improves survival
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Comparison between REVEAL Lite 2 and COMPERA 2.0 for risk stratification in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Chest (IF 9.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Sandeep Sahay MD MSc, Nelson Villasmil Hernandez MD, Fredrick Wang MD, Matthew Wooten, Duc T. Nguyen MD PhD, Charles Fauvel MD, Raymond Benza, Edward A. Graviss PhD MPH
Risk stratification is the cornerstone of the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Current ESC/ERS guidelines recommend using the COMPERA 3-strata risk model at baseline, and the COMPERA 2.0 4-strata model at follow-up. However, the guidelines did not take into consideration other available risk scores such as REVEAL Lite 2. Is REVEAL Lite 2 better at discriminating risk than the COMPERA
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Use of Intravenous Albumin: A Guideline from the International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine Guidelines. Chest (IF 9.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Jeannie Callum MD, Nikolaos J. Skubas MD, Aarti Bathla MPharm MPH, Homa Keshavarz PhD, Edward G. Clark MD, Bram Rochwerg MD, Dean Fergusson PhD, Sesmu Arbous MD, Seth R. Bauer PharmD, Louise China MD, Mark Fung MD, Rachel Jug MD, Michael Neill, Cary Paine MD, Katerina Pavenski MD, Prakesh S. Shah MD, Susan Robinson MD, Hua Shan MD, Zbigniew M. Szczepiorkowski MD PhD, Thierry Thevenot MD, Bovey Wu,
Albumin is commonly employed across a wide range of clinical settings to improve hemodynamics, facilitate fluid removal, and manage complications of cirrhosis. The International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine Guidelines developed guidelines for the use of albumin in patients requiring critical care, undergoing cardiovascular surgery, kidney replacement therapy, or experiencing complications
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Interdisciplinary Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease and Connective Tissue Disease Chest (IF 9.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Sabina A. Guler MD PD, Tobias Scheschkowski MD, Anja Renner MSc, Lea Kämpf BSc, Matthias Gasser MD, Britta Maurer
Diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) can be challenging, and the identification of an associated connective tissue disease (CTD) is crucial to estimate prognosis and establish the optimal treatment approach. Diagnostic delay, limited expertise and fragmented care are barriers that impede the delivery of comprehensive healthcare for patients with rare, complex and multiorgan diseases such as
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Effect of corticosteroids on long-term humoral and memory T cell responses in follow-up visit of hospitalized COVID-19 patients Chest (IF 9.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Yeming Wang, Li Guo, Guohui Fan, Yang Han, Qiao Zhang, Weiyang Wang, Lili Ren, Hui Zhang, Geng Wang, Xueyang Zhang, Tingxuan Huang, Lan Chen, Lixue Huang, Xiaoying Gu, Dan Cui, Xinming Wang, Jingchuan Zhong, Ying Wang, Hui Li, Chaolin Huang, Jianwei Wang, Bin Cao
Corticosteroids have demonstrated their beneficial effects in improving outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 by suppressing excessive immune responses. However, the effect of corticosteroids on the humoral and T cell responses of COVID-19 survivors one year after infection remains uncertain, as it relates to the extent of immediate, antigen-specific defense provided by protective
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Clinical correlates of a non-plexiform vasculopathy in patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest (IF 9.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Esther J. Nossent MD, Josien Smits MD, Celine Seegers MSc, Lilian J. Meijboom MD PhD, Anco Boonstra MD PhD, J. Aman MD PhD, F.S. De Man PhD, Harm Jan Bogaard MD PhD, Teodora Radonic MD PhD, Peter Dorfmüller MD PhD, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf MD PhD
The clinical phenotype of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients has changed. . Whether or not subgroups of IPAH patients have different vascular phenotypes is a subject of debate. What are the histological patterns and their clinical correlates in patients diagnosed with IPAH or hereditary PAH? In this this cross-sectional registry study lung histology of 50 IPAH patients was qualitatively
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Reply to: Supporting the case for a targeted approach for elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in people with cystic fibrosis with no F508del CFTR variant: further analysis for the French compassionate use programme Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Pierre-Régis Burgel
Extract In their correspondence, M. Dooney and T. Saba propose further analysis of the recently published data originating from the French compassionate programme for elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and no F508del variant [1]. They suggest that ETI eligibility criteria should be based on the absence of "known to be unresponsive" variants rather than on the
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“Age-related changes in plasma biomarkers and their association with mortality in COVID-19.” E.H.A. Michels, B. Appelman, J. de Brabander, et al. Eur Respir J 2023; 62: 2300011. Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 European Respiratory Society
While drafting a follow-up manuscript to this article – in which the mediation analysis will be validated using data from a randomised controlled trial – the authors noted an error in the research article as originally published in the European Respiratory Journal . The error pertains to the spline model used in calculating the odds ratio for age-related mortality, as illustrated in figures 2b and
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Interalveolar pore morphology in (pre-)COPD stages and associations with small airways Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Stijn E. Verleden, Therese S. Lapperre, Annemiek Snoeckx, Wen Wen, Suresh K. Yogeswaran, Geert M. Verleden, Veronique Verplancke, Reinier R.L. Wener, Senada Koljenovic, Dieter J.E. Peeters, Jeroen M.H. Hendriks
Extract COPD is nowadays considered to be a heterogeneous lung condition characterised by chronic respiratory symptoms caused by airway and/or alveolar abnormalities causing persistent airflow obstruction. This airflow obstruction is defined by a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio lower than 0.7. However, the recent 2023 Global Initiative
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Lung transcriptome of e-cigarette users reveals changes related to chronic lung disease Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Kidane, B., Kahnamoui, S., Srinathan, S., Liu, R., Tan, L., Morris, M., Shawyer, A., Halayko, A. J., Pascoe, C. D.
Extract Approximately one in 10 adolescents use e-cigarette devices, with 25% of these reporting daily use [1]. Most youth who vape have never used traditional cigarettes, creating an emerging epidemic of nicotine addiction fuelled by use of e-cigarettes [2]. Public perception is that e-cigarettes are less harmful than traditional cigarettes, a belief that may be fuelled, in part, by a handful of tobacco
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Supporting the case for a targeted approach for elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in people with cystic fibrosis with no F508del CFTR variant: further analysis for the French compassionate use programme Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Dooney, M., Saba, T.
Extract We have read with great interest the work of Burgel et al. [1] and applaud them for their innovative use of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) in combination with ivacaftor (IVA) in people with significant cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory disease who were carriers of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) variants that did not meet eligibility criteria for funded treatment
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ERJ Podcast February 2024: Beetroot juice and cardiovascular risk in COPD Eur. Respir. J. (IF 24.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 European Respiratory Society
As part of the February issue, the European Respiratory Journal presents the latest in its series of podcasts. Deputy Chief Editor Don Sin interviews Nick Hopkinson about his study that shows consumption of nitrate-rich beetroot juice reduces cardiovascular risk factors in people living with COPD.
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Monocyte NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin-1β activation modulated by alpha-1 antitrypsin therapy in deficient individuals Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Debananda Gogoi, Howard Yu, Michelle Casey, Rory Baird, Azeez Yusuf, Luke Forde, Michael E O' Brien, Jesse R West, Tammy Flagg, Noel G McElvaney, Edward Eden, Christian Mueller, Mark L Brantly, Patrick Geraghty, Emer P Reeves
Introduction Altered complement component 3 (C3) activation in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (AATD) has been reported. To understand the potential impact on course of inflammation, the aim of this study was to investigate whether C3d, a cleavage-product of C3, triggers interleukin (IL)-1β secretion via activation of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome
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Greenhouse gas emissions associated with suboptimal asthma care in the UK: the SABINA healthCARe-Based envirONmental cost of treatment (CARBON) study Thorax (IF 10.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Alexander J K Wilkinson, Ekaterina Maslova, Christer Janson, Vasanth Radhakrishnan, Jennifer K Quint, Nigel Budgen, Trung N Tran, Yang Xu, Andrew Menzies-Gow, John P Bell
Background Poorly controlled asthma is associated with increased morbidity and healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU). Therefore, to quantify the environmental impact of asthma care, this retrospective, cohort, healthCARe-Based envirONmental cost of treatment (CARBON) study estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the UK associated with the management of well-controlled versus poorly controlled