Background and objectiveIntravesical therapy is central to managing non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); yet, recurrence and progression remain common, underscoring the need for new treatments. This systematic review evaluates clinical trials of novel intravesical therapies for all risk categories of NMIBC. MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the clinical trials

Background and objectiveIt is unclear whether historically diagnosed “hybrid tumors” in patients with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) represent unique tumors or a hybrid between oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (Ch-RCC), and existing diagnostic criteria are ambiguous. We aimed to understand the spectrum of folliculin gene (FLCN) alterations, outcomes for BHD patients with kidney tumors

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Background and objectiveDespite its radioresistant reputation, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is sensitive to high dose per fraction stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR). As SABR also triggers immunomodulatory effects, a combination of SABR and immunotherapy for RCC might improve patient outcomes. The current systematic review will discuss all prospective studies on SABR alone or combined with

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Background and objectiveSalvage robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (S-RARP) is one option for treating patients with recurrent prostate cancer after prostate-preserving primary therapy. However, the tissue damage, anatomical distortion, and lack of surgical landmarks caused by the primary treatment still constitute a major challenge to surgeons. We aim to report the experience of our group on S-RARP

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Background and objectiveAccurately distinguishing between cancerous and noncancerous tissues during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is a challenge that can increase the risk of residual disease. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, optimal dose and accuracy of a dual-modality prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted probe (68Ga-P3) for preoperative positron emission tomography

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The authors regret a minor data error in the reporting of best radiographic responses in Supplementary Table 5 in the Supplementary Material. The percentage of patients with an evaluable response who had progressive disease (PD) in the 'Increase' subgroup for best overall PSA decline from baseline in the 177Lu-PSMA-617 arm should be 31% not 40%. The number of patients with PD (n = 22) and the denominator

Section snippets Why perform pelvic lymph node dissection?Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) performed during radical prostatectomy (RP) has been recommended for many years by international guidelines, including previous editions of the EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG guidelines, for staging purposes and a potential oncological benefit. An extended PLND (ePLND) template detects more metastases than

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Positron emission tomography (PET) with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in the diagnosis and primary staging of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) has an established role, but recent summative evidence on its actual diagnostic and staging value is still missing. We aimed to collect and analyze published studies reporting the accuracy of PSMA PET for the diagnosis of clinically significant

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Background and objectiveThe European Association of Urology (EAU) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) guideline panel has updated their evidence-based guidelines and recommendations for the management of RCC. Here we present a summary of the 2025 RCC guidelines updated with standardised methodology to provide reproducible evidence for the management of RCC. MethodsFor the 2025 update, a literature search was

Background and objectiveWe present a summary of the 2025 update for the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The aim is to provide practical recommendations on the clinical management of UTUC with a focus on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. MethodsFor the 2025 guidelines on UTUC, new and relevant evidence was identified, collated

Background and objectiveWe present a summary of part II of the 2024 update of the European Association of Urology (EAU)/European Society of Paediatric Urology (ESPU) guidelines on paediatric urology. The summary provides evidence-based standards for management of a number of urological conditions in the paediatric population. The aim is to provide practical recommendations for clinical management of

Background and objectiveTo present a summary of the updated 2025 European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines on Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) on male infertility, providing practical recommendations on the clinical work-up with a focus on diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. MethodsFor the 2025 SRH guidelines, new and relevant evidence was identified, collated, and appraised via a structured

Background and objectiveThis publication represents a summary of the updated 2025 European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MMIBC). The aim is to provide practical recommendations on the clinical management of MMIBC with a focus on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. MethodsFor the 2025 guidelines, new and relevant evidence was identified,

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Section snippets How to detect indolent PCIndolent PC can only be detected in prostate tissue that is entirely resected at radical prostatectomy (RP). Outcomes for GG 1 PC detected in totally examined RP specimens are excellent.Among cases for which RP specimens harbor pure GG 1 PC, metastasis to lymph nodes and distant sites and PC-specific mortality (PCSM) do not occur. Extraprostatic extension is

Lower pole stones (LPSs) frequently cause significant morbidity, necessitating effective intervention strategies. We systematically reviewed the evidence for treatment of LPSs with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) previously in 2015. In this update, we have included 16 new randomised controlled trials plus eight

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Owing to the “cold” tumor immune microenvironment of prostate cancer, immune-targeting agents have shown limited efficacy in patients with advanced prostate cancer, highlighting the need for new therapies with novel mechanisms of action. In this context, T-cell engagers (TCEs), which induce T-cell–mediated killing of cancer cells by binding the CD3 receptor on T cells and a specific tumor antigen expressed

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EMBARK demonstrated prolonged metastasis-free survival with enzalutamide ± leuprolide versus leuprolide alone for patients with high-risk biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer, with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) maintained. To evaluate treatment effects on sexual activity (SA), item-level analyses of SA-related HRQoL were performed. HRQoL was assessed (baseline, every 12 wk) until metastasis

Section snippets Burden of BC and risk factorsBC incidence is nearly four times higher for men than for women. Worldwide, Spain has the highest incidence among males, whereas the Netherlands has the highest incidence among females [1]. Southern Europe, where approximately 26.6 per 100 000 males and 5.8 per 100 000 females are diagnosed with BC each year, has the highest global incidence [4]. The risk

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