ABSTRACTBetween 2018 and 2024, we conducted systematic whole-genome sequencing and phylogenomic analysis on 263 V. cholerae O1 isolates from cholera patients across four provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo (North-Kivu, South-Kivu, Tanganyika, and Kasai Oriental). These isolates were classified into the AFR10d and AFR10e sublineages of AFR10 lineage, originating from the third wave of the

The emergence and spread of novel viral pathogens is a major threat to human health, particularly in the context of climate and human-induced change in land use. Alongshan virus (ALSV) is a tick-borne virus associated with human disease, which was first identified in northeast China. More recently, several studies reported the emergence of ALSV in mammalian and arthropod hosts in multiple different

Human coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have recurrently emerged as significant pathogens, causing severe respiratory illnesses and presenting challenges to monoclonal antibody therapeutics due to their rapid evolution, particularly the diverse variants of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we utilized 'Knob-into-Hole' and 'IgG-scFv' technologies to engineer bispecific antibodies (bsAbs)

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex is a significant global healthcare threat, particularly carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter hormaechei (CPEH). From January 2017 to January 2021, twenty-two CPEH isolates from a regional teaching hospital in central Taiwan were identified with the carriage of carbapenemase genes blaKPC-2, blaIMP-8, and predominantly blaOXA-48. Over 80% of these CPEH

The emergence of novel avian influenza reassortants in wild birds in recent years is a public health concern. However, the viruses that circulate in migratory birds are not fully understood. In this study, we summarized and categorized global H11 avian influenza viruses and reported that waterfowl and shorebirds are the major reservoirs of the identified H11 viruses. The surveillance data of the 35

The 2017/18 influenza season was characterized by unusual high numbers of severe infections and hospitalizations. Instead of influenza A viruses, this season was dominated by infections with influenza B viruses of the Yamagata lineage. While this IBV/Yam dominance was associated with a vaccine mismatch, a contribution of virus intrinsic features to the clinical severity of the infections was speculated

Increased CD4 + GNLY+ T cells have been confirmed to be inversely associated with CD4+ T cell count in immunological non-responders (INRs), however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of CD4 + GNLY+ T cells and their relationship with immune restoration. Single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell TCR sequencing, and flow cytometry were used to analyze

The global rate of Amphotericin B (AmB) resistance in Candida auris has surpassed 12%. However, there is limited data on available clinical treatments and microevolutionary analyses concerning reduced AmB sensitivity. In this study, we collected 18 C. auris isolates from five patients between 2019 and 2022. We employed clinical data mining, genomic, and transcriptomic analyses to identify genetic evolutionary

In 2022, the monkeypox virus (mpox virus, MPXV) exhibited global dissemination across six continents, representing a notable challenge owing to the scarcity of targeted antiviral interventions. Passive immunotherapy, such as the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), has emerged as a promising option for antiviral regimens. Here, we generated several mAbs against M1R

ABSTRACTAfrican swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a devastating infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boar, which threatens the global pig industry. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional signaling organelle in eukaryotic cells that is involved in protein synthesis, processing, posttranslational modification and quality control. As intracellular parasitic

Multiple genetic variants of H1 and H3 influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate concurrently in US swine farms. Understanding the spatial transmission patterns of IAVs among these farms is crucial for ...

Babesiosis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia, is an emerging tick-borne disease of significance for both human and animal health. Babesia parasites infect erythrocytes of vertebra...

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging pathogen that can cause severe diarrhoea and high mortality in suckling piglets. Moreover, evidence of PDCoV infection in humans has raised concerns regarding potential public health risks. To identify potential therapeutic targets for PDCoV, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening to find key host factors important to PDCoV infection

The vast majority of data obtained from sequence analysis of influenza A viruses (IAVs) have revealed that nonstructural 1 (NS1) proteins from H1N1 swine, H3N8 equine, H3N2 avian and the correspondent subtypes from dogs have a conserved four C-terminal amino acid motif when independent cross-species transmission occurs between these species. To test the influence of the C-terminal amino acid motifs

Multiple genotypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses have caused epizootics in wild birds and poultry. The HPAI H5N1 genotype C virus caused a modest epizootic, whereas the occurrence of the HPAI H5N1 genotype AB virus in 2021 resulted in the largest avian influenza epizootic in Europe to date. Here we studied the pathogenicity of two HPAI H5N1 viruses by experimentally

The rising prevalence of Lyme disease (LD) in North America and Europe has emerged as a pressing public health concern. Despite the availability of veterinary LD vaccines, no vaccine is currently available for human use. Outer surface protein C (OspC) found on the outer membrane of the causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, has been identified as a promising target for LD vaccine development due to

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has declined more slowly in rural than urban areas in China, and data on the patterns of transmission and the high-risk populations in rural areas remains scarce....

Published studies on outdoor air pollution and tuberculosis risk have shown heterogeneous results. Discrepancies in prior studies may be partially explained by the limited geographic scope, diverse...

The continual emergence of tick-borne rickettsioses has garnered widespread global attention. Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae (Candidatus R. barbariae), which emerged in Italy in 2008, has been det...

We detected highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in wild rats collected from a rural area in Giza, Egypt, near poultry farms, markets, and backyard flocks. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the virus from the rats belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b, which has been the predominant virus genotype circulating in Egypt and worldwide since 2021-2022. Active surveillance of avian influenza

High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 first emerged in Bangladesh in 2007. Despite the use of vaccines in chickens since 2012 to control HPAI, HPAI H5Nx viruses have continued to infect poultry, and wild birds, resulting in notable mass mortalities in house crows (Corvus splendens). The first HPAI H5Nx viruses in Bangladesh belonged to clade 2.2.2, followed by clade 2.3.4.2 and 2.3.2

Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging zoonotic RNA virus that can cause fatal respiratory and neurological diseases in animals and humans. Accurate NiV diagnostics and surveillance tools are crucial for the identification of acute and resolved infections and to improve our understanding of NiV transmission and circulation. Here, we have developed and validated a split NanoLuc luciferase NiV glycoprotein

ABSTRACTRat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV) is an emerging cause of acute hepatitis of zoonotic origin. Since seroprevalence studies are scarce, at-risk groups are almost unknown. Because blood-borne infections frequently occur in people with drug use, who are particularly vulnerable to infection due to lack of housing and homelessness, this population constitutes a priority in which ratHEV infection should

Published in Emerging Microbes & Infections (Just accepted, 2024)

The emergence and spread of Acinetobacter baumannii pose a severe threat to public health, highlighting the urgent need for the next generation of therapeutics due to its increasing resistance to e...

Seasonal influenza A virus subtype H3N2 (A/H3N2) circulates globally and has been linked to higher hospitalization rates and summer outbreaks in temperate regions. Here, A/H3N2 circulation in Shang...

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is essential for Gram-negative bacteria to antagonize a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic competitors and thus gain survival advantages. Two sets of T6S...

Ebola disease is a lethal viral hemorrhagic fever caused by ebolaviruses within the Filoviridae family with mortality rates of up to 90%. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) based therapies have shown great ...

Lack of appropriate early diagnostic tools for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and their incomplete drug susceptibility testing (DST) profiling is concerning for TB disease control. Existing me...

The R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine (which has an overall protection rate of 75%) was listed as a pre-qualified vaccine by the World Health Organization (WHO) in December 2023; as such, it is the seco...

The discovery of alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses in plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) expanded the host range of mammalian coronavirus (CoV) to a new order – Lagomorpha. However, the dive...

Proteolytic activation of the haemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein by host cellular proteases is pivotal for influenza A virus (IAV) infectivity. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses possess the m...

Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) syndrome is susceptible to disseminated opportunistic infections due to increased AIGAs, but its clinical immunological characteristics remain unrecognized. We conducted a prospective cohort study between January 2021 and December 2023, recruiting patients with opportunistic infections who were categorized into AIGAs-positive and AIGAs-negative groups. Clinical

We administered a questionnaire to participants who received different vaccination regimens to evaluate the effectiveness of Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. The results showed that administration of intramuscular Ad5-nCoV provided 21.32% more protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection than that of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in people who had received only one type of COVID-19 vaccine. Furthermore

The Hulunbuir region, known for its diverse terrain and rich wildlife, is a hotspot for various natural epidemic diseases. Between 2021 and 2023, we collected 885 wild rodent samples from this area...

Early detection of disseminating vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) in ICU wards is crucial for outbreak identification and the implementation of prompt infection control measures. Genotypic methods like pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) are costly and time-consuming, hindering rapid response due to batch dependency. Fourier-transform infrared

Influenza virus infection poses a continual menace to public health. Here, we developed soluble trimeric HA ectodomain vaccines by establishing interprotomer disulfide bonds in the stem region, whi...

Pertussis, an acute respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, has recently experienced a dramatic increase in incidence and associated deaths in China, drawing significant clinical atte...

A large outbreak of monkeypox occurred in 2022, and most people lack immunity to orthopoxvirus. Smallpox vaccination is essential for preventing further smallpox outbreaks. This study evaluated the...

Surveillance data from wildlife and poultry was used to describe the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in British Columbia (B.C.) and the Yukon, Canada from Sep...

The past decades have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field of mRNA technology and its successful applications in prophylactic vaccine development [1,2]. Recently, we reported on the develo...

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are the origin of multiple mammal influenza viruses. The genetic determinants of AIVs adapted to humans have been widely elucidated, however, the molecular mechanism ...

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease that threatens human health. As the only viral surface protein, the rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein (G) induces main neutralizing antibody (Nab) responses; howe...

Throughout history, the influenza A virus has caused numerous devastating global pandemics. Macrophages, as pivotal innate immune cells, exhibit a wide range of immune functions characterized by di...

HIV vaccine development has been hindered by significant challenges over four decades. Despite persistent efforts, all efficacy trials to date have yielded disappointing results. This has pushed th...

Nuclear export of the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) is a critical step in the influenza A virus (IAV) life cycle and may be an effective target for the development of anti-IAV drugs. The host fact...

Despite no carbapenem use in food animals, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) perseveres within food animals, rising significant concerns regarding public health risks originating fr...

Therapeutics for eradicating hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are still limited and current nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) and interferon are effective in controlling viral replication and improving ...

Despite the high efficiency of current SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, waning immunity and the emergence of resistant variants underscore the need for novel v...

We detected 24 Encephalitozoon cuniculi positive Ixodes ricinus ticks of 284 collected in the Czech Republic. Since the route of transmission of microsporidia is not fully understood, the presence ...

The incompletely eliminated Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) during primary syphilis chancre infection can result in the progression of secondary, tertiary, or latent syphilis in individuals, sugge...

The continuous emergence of highly immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants has challenged vaccine efficacy. A vaccine that can provide broad protection is desirable. We evaluated the immunogenicity of a...

Melioidosis is a tropical infection caused by the intracellular pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, an underreported and emerging global threat. As melioidosis-associated mortality is frequently hi...

Sandfly-borne Toscana virus (TOSV) is an enveloped tri-segmented negative single-strand RNA Phlebovirus. It is an emerging virus predominantly endemic in southwestern Europe and Northern Africa. Al...

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and has been clinically associated with neurological complications. However, there is a lack of relevant models to elucidate the neurop...

Chikungunya virus has caused millions of cases worldwide over the past 20 years, with recent outbreaks in Kedougou region in the southeastern Senegal, West Africa. Genomic characterization highligh...

Although para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) has been used to treat tuberculosis for decades, mechanisms of resistance to this drug in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) clinical isolates have...

In March 2024, the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) infections in dairy cattle was detected in the United Sates for the first time. We genetically characterize HPAI vi...

Introduction: Drug resistance to echinocandins, first-line drugs used to treat Candida auris infection, is rapidly emerging. However, the accumulation of mutations in genes other than FKS1 (before ...